UNIVERSITATEA DIN CRAIOVA

FACULTATEA DE LITERE

TRADUCERE-INTERPRETARE

LUCRARE DE LICENŢĂ

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Îndrumător:
Conf. Univ. Dr. CARMEN NEDELCU

Absolvent:
PÂRVAN LUCIANA-CAMELIA

CRAIOVA
2006
 CONTENT

I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………….3

II. GLOSSARY…………………………………………………………….8

III. TERMINOLOGICAL INDEX………………………………………66

1. English……………………………………………………………...66

2. French………………………………………………………………68

3. Romanian…………………………………………………………..70

IV. CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………...74

V. BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………..75

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 I. INTRODUCTION

Medical terminology is the study of words that pertain to body

systems, anatomical structures, medical processes and procedures, and a
variety of diseases.
Medicine has had a very long history of writing.All the great
civilizations - Indian, Chinese, Middle Eastern, European - had organized
medical practitioner systems that produced records of medical research.
Sometimes medical observations were combined religious or magical
explanations; sometimes the interest was almost solely in medical herbs. The
distinctly scientific method that characterized modern medicine in Europe
and America is traceable to a Greek civilization (500-30 B.C.) that
succeeded in passing on its tradition first to the Roman Empire and then to
Medieval Europe.In the process it created the core of the contemporary
Western medical writing system.
The very size of current medical dictionaries is evidence of the massive
proportions which the medical, scientific, and technical vocabulary has
attained within the English language. As this vocabulary grows, its mastery
by each succeeding generation becomes increasingly difficult. It is populary
believed that the study of Latin at least, if not also of Greek, is prerequisite
for the study of medicine. Although this is no longer litteraly true, the
composition of the medical vocabulary makes it evident why such study was
formerly considered necessary. At least 50% of the general English
vocabulary is of Greek and Latin derivation, and it is a conservative estimate
that as much as 75% of the scientific element is of such origin.

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 Some familiarity with these two languages which contribute so largely
to the terminology must obviously simplify the task of learning a basic
vocabulary and of comprehending new words as they are encountered.
Experience shows that it does. However, since it no longer seems
economical to learn to read the two languages for this purpose, some short
cut to the necessary information is needed, and again experience has shown
that certain fundamentals of vocabulary and linguistic principle can easily be
mastered and are of great assistance.
Greek. The Latin alphabet as we use it is derived, with slight
modifications, from the Greek alphabet, which is almost completely
phonetic.
Many Greek words have come into English through Latin, in which
they have undergone some change, or through a second intermediary
language, such as French, with still further change. Such evolution explains
many of the apparent peculiarities of Greek words in English.
The most constant change, in the transition of Greek words to English,
is the loss of termination which produces what we may call the combining
form. This combining form, which is used when the word enters into a
compound with another word, may differ markedly from the lexical form,
under which the word would be located in a dictionary of the Greek
language (e.g. myectomy, pediatrics).
Most derivatives are composed not of single Greek words but of a
combination of two or more words or elements (e.g. osteotome).
Many compounds consist of a word preceded by a prefix, commonly a
preposition. Most of these prepositions have a final vowel, which is dropped
when the word to which it is affixed begins with a vowel. A final consonant

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may also be changed to accommodate it to a succeeding initial consonant
(e.g. diuretic, metamorphosis, peritoneum, systole).
Suffixes, which constitute a third element in the formation of
compounds, are added directly to the combining forms of words without
insertion of a connective o, but when the result would be a combination of
consonants difficult to pronounce, certain euphonic changes are made in the
final consonant of the combining form (e.g. epileptic, plasma, autopsy).
Latin. The Latin alphabet is a modification of the Greek which has
been adopted for English with the addition of the characters J, U and W,
which were developed during the Middle Ages. The ease with which the
Romans adapted the Greek alphabet is evidence of the close relationship of
the two languages.
Combining forms of Latin words, as of Greek, are derived by dropping
an inflectional termination (e.g. retinopapillitis, frontoparietal).
In the formation of compound derivatives from Latin words a
combining form is linked to the following element by what may be called,
regardless of its origin, a connective vowel. This vowel is most commonly
either o (lumbocostal, genitourinary) or i (nervimotor, bilirubin), or less
frequently u (granulation).
As in Greek, most of the prefixes in Latin are prepositions. Most of
these may be added to other words without change, but some of those which
end in a consonant assimilate this consonant to the initial sound of the word
to which it is affixed (e.g. appendix, immersion, occlusion, transpiration).
The commonest Latin suffixes used in forming nouns are: -arium,
-orium (-ary, -ory), -io (-ion added to the past participles), -or (-or added to
past participles) and –tas (-ty). Those used in forming adjectives are: -abilis,
-ibilis (-able, -ible), -alis, -ilis (-al, -ile), -aris (-ar), -arius, -orius (-ary, -ory),

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-atus (-ate), -idus (-id), -ivus (-ive) and –osus (-ous or –ose): e.g. corporal,
ocular, sensory, adipose, precautionary.
Medical translation today is a defined separate field of study both for
historical reasons and because it represents a big share of the market.
The ancient history and the recent practical importance of medical
translation, combined with the fascination medicine has always held in all
cultures, are powerful incentives for would-be translators.
Medical terminology and coding training or experience is extremely
helpful in better understanding the language of medicine before going into
gaining understanding of the business language of medicine, and those who
are very serious about going into medical billing as a private enterprise or as
an employee will take medical terminology and medical coding as
prerequisites.
The Greco-Latin foundations of its terminology are one feature of the
language of medicine, which displays a peculiar liking for synonyms,
eponyms and abbreviations. Since these often differ, they simply add to the
difficulties of the translation process.
With the rapid expansion of medical knowledge during the last century
there was a corresponding increase in the vocabulary of medicine until, at
present, it might be considered a continuous process. Every revision of
medical dictionaries claims an addition of a few hundred new medical terms.
Most of the new terms are modeled on classical forms using Greek or
Latin stems, prefixes and suffixes. The new words are coines by physicians,
physiologists or chemists working in the various fields of medical research,
and while these men are well versed in their own specialty, their knowledge
of philology and linguistics may be sketchy; and so the resulting terms are
often faulty, if not impossible, from the linguistic point of view.

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 Attempts to improve our medical terminology are beset with many
pitfalls. Language grows, it changes from generation to generation by
imperceptible stages, and its evolution is not governed by logic.
The terminology could be simplified to certain extent. Duplication of
words has been carried to extremes. Synonyms are too common and in most
cases they are not needed. The work of Anatomical Conferences might well
be extended to the whole field of medicine. But only careful and systematic
study by a competent international commission could bring about a
simplification of the problem facing every student of medicine or every
medical translator.

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 II. GLOSSARY

Future professional translators should know that the languages for

special purposes – LSP – include terminology as much as idiomatic phrases
or idiolectic particularities. Future translators have to be familiar with
English medical texts, to be aware of false friends, due to the fact that there
is a certain similarity between the affixes and prefixes of the two languages.
Because in the majority of cases, medical terms derive their origin from
Latin or Greek modern translators are not familiar with these ancient
languages, so, to understand and to better translate, they have to approach
the medical terminology by subdividing such terms and understanding their
meanings.
Medical English is recognized as an area of expertise. There are other
peculiar problems related also to: achieving TL (Target Language)
expression in the appropriate mode (formal, written); intuitively adopting
externally stylistic conventions; last but not least, an adequate training in the
field.

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ABBREVIATIONS:

English:

Ctxt. – context
Def. – definition
dim. – diminutive
Etm. – etymology
Gr. – Greek
L. – Latin
N. A. – Nomina Anatomica
neg. – negation
Syn. – synonym

French:

Ctxt. – contexte
Déf. – définition
dim. – diminutif
Étm. – étymologie
Gr. – Grec
L. – Latin
nég. – negation
P. N. A. – Parisiensia Nomina Atomica
Syn. – synonyme

Romanian:

Ctxt. – context
Def. – definiţie
dim. – diminutiv
Etm. – etimologie
Gr. – Greacă
L. – Latină
N. A. – Nomina Anatomica
neg. – negaţie
Sin. – sinonim

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 ANTERIOR CARDIAC VEINS

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; L. cor, Gr. kardia=heart; L. anterior=before]

Def. : Small vessels from the anterior wall of the right ventricle that empty
into the right atrium or join the lesser cardiac vein.
Ctxt. : The anterior cardiac veins empty into the coronary sinus.
Syn. : -
Note : venae cordis anteriores[NA]

VEINES CARDIAQUES ANTÉRIEURES

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; L. cor, Gr. kardia=coeur; L. anterior=avant]

Déf. : Des petits vaisseaux du paroi antérieur du ventricule droit qui se
versent dans l’auricule droite ou joignent la veine cardiaque la plus
petite.
Ctxt. : Les veines cardiaques antérieures s’abouchent dans le sinus
coronaire.
Syn. : -
Note : venae cordis anteriores[PNA]

VENE CARDIACE ANTERIOARE

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; L. cor, Gr. kardia=inimă; L. anterior=înainte]

Def. : ţesut de origine: partea anterioară a inimii; sediu topografic: faţa
anterioară a inimii; vărsare: sinus coronarius sau celelalte vene
cardiace.
Ctxt. : Venele cardiace anterioare se varsă în sinusul coronar.
Sin. : -
Notă : venae cordis anteriores[NA]

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 AORTA

Etm. : [Gr. aortē, from aerein=to drive upward]

Def. : The main trunk from which the systemic arterial system proceeds.
Ctxt. : The aorta arises from the left ventricle.
Syn. : -
Note : Called also, arteria aorta and arteria maxima Galeni[NA]

AORTE

Étm. :[Gr. aortē, de aerein=porter vers le haut]

Déf. : Tronc d’origine de toutes les artères de la grande circulation, qui naît
du ventricule gauche et se termine, par trifurcation, au niveau de la
quatrième vertèbre lombaire.
Ctxt. : L’aorte naît du ventricule gauche.
Syn. : -
Note : arteria aorta et arteria maxima Galeni[PNA]

AORTĂ

Etm. : [Gr. aortē, de la aerein=a duce în sus]

Def. : Trunchi de origine al tuturor arterelor din corp, care ia naştere în
ventriculul stâng. Are patru porţiuni: aorta ascendentă, arcul aortic
(ambele formează crosa aortei), aorta descendentă şi aorta
abdominală.
Ctxt. : Aorta porneşte din ventriculul stâng.
Sin. : -
Notă : arteria aorta şi arteria maxima Galeni[NA]

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 AORTIC VALVE

Etm. : [L. valva=valve; Gr. aortē, from aerein=to drive upward]

Def. : A valve composed of three semilunar cusps or segments (posterior,
right and left), guarding the aortic orifice in the left ventricle of the
heart.
Ctxt. : The aortic valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle.
Syn. : semilunar valve
Note : Called also, valva aortae and valvulae semilunares aortae[NA]

VALVULE AORTIQUE

Étm. : [L. valva=valve; Gr. aortē, de aerein=porter vers le haut]

Déf. : Une valvule composée de trois feuillettes ou segments sémilunaires
(postérieur, droit et gauche), guardant l’orifice aortique dans le
ventricule gauche du coeur.
Ctxt. : La valvule aortique empêche le reflux dans le ventricule gauche.
Syn. : valvule sémilunaire
Note : valva aortae et valvulae semilunares aortae[PNA]

VALVĂ AORTICĂ

Etm. : [L. valva=valvă; Gr. aortē, de la aerein=a duce în sus]

Def. : Aparatul valvular compus din trei plici semilunare situate la ieşirea
din ventriculul stâng al inmii.
Ctxt. : Valva aortică previne refluxul în ventriculul stâng.
Sin. : valvulă semilunară
Notă : valva aortae şi valvulae semilunares aortae[NA]

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 ARTERIAL LIGAMENT

Etm. : [L. ligamentum=a bandage, from ligare=to bind; L.; Gr.

artēria=artery; L. pulmonarius=pertaining to the lungs]
Def. : A short, thick, strong fibromuscular cord extending from the
pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta; it is the remains of the
ductus arteriosus.
Ctxt. : The persistence of the arterial ligament is a frequent anomaly.
Syn. : ligament of Botallo
Note : ligamenta arteriosum arteriae pulmonalis[NA]

LIGAMENT ARTÉRIEL

Étm. : [L. ligamentum=bandage, de ligare=lier; L.; Gr. artēria=artère; L.

pulmonarius=appartenant aux poumons]
Déf. : Réliquat fibreux du canal de Botal emryonnaire, tendu de la
bifurcation de l’ artère pulmonaire à la face inférieure de la crosse
aortique.
Ctxt. : La persistance du ligament artériel est une anomalie fréquente.
Syn. : canal de Botal
Note : ligamenta arteriosum arteriae pulmonalis[PNA]

LIGAMENT ARTERIAL

Etm. : [L. ligamentum=bandaj, de la ligare=a lega; L.; Gr. artēria=arteră;

L. pulmonarius=care aparţine plămânilor]
Def. : Canal care la făt face să comunice aorta şi artera pulmonară, drenând
majoritatea sângelui din artera pulmonară direct în aortă, fără ca
acesta să treacă prin plămâni. Canalul se obliterează în mod normal la
naştere, se atrofiază progresiv şi devine un ligament fibros, denumit
ligamentul arterial.
Ctxt. : Persistenţa ligamentului arterial este o anomalie frecventă.
Sin. : canalul lui Botal, canal arterial
Notă : ligamenta arteriosum arteriae pulmonalis[NA]

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 ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL

Etm. : [L. canalis=channel; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=hall; L. ventriculus, dim.

of venter=belly]
Def. : The common canal connecting the primitive atrium and ventricle.
Ctxt. : The persistence of the atrioventricular canal causes a cardiac disease.
Syn. : -
Note : -

CANAL AURICULOVENTRICULAIRE

Étm. : [L. canalis=canal; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibule; L. ventriculus,

dim. de venter=abdomen]
Déf. : Canal très court faisant communiquer, dans le tube cardiaque impair
de l’embryon, l’oreillette primitive ou atrium avec le ventricule
primitif.
Ctxt. : La persistance du canal auriculoventriculaire cause une maladie
cardiaque.
Syn. : canal atrio-ventriculaire primitif
Note : -

CANAL ATRIOVENTRICULAR

Etm. : [L. canalis=canal; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibul; L. ventriculus,

dim. de la venter=abdomen]
Def. : Canal embrionar cardiac, impar la origine, situat între atriu şi
ventricul.
Ctxt. : Persistenţa canalului atrioventricular cauzează o boală cardiacă.
Sin. : -
Notă : -

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 ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE

Etm. : [L. nodus=node; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=hall; L. ventriculus, dim. of

venter=belly]
Def. : A microscopic collection of specialized cardiac muscle fibers located
beneath the endocardium of the right atrium, and continuous with
atrial muscle fibers and with the atrioventricular bundle.
Ctxt. : The atrioventricular node is similar to the nodus sinuatrialis.
Syn. : Aschoff-Tawara nodule
Note : nodus atrioventricularis[NA]

NODULE AURICULOVENTRICULAIRE

Étm. : [L. nodus=noeud, L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibule; L. ventriculus,

dim. de venter=abdomen]
Déf. : Une collection microscopique de fibres musculaires cardiaques
spécialisés, situés sous l’endocarde de l’auricule droite, et continués
avec des fibres musculaires auriculaires et le lien
auriculoventriculaire.
Ctxt. : Le nodule auriculoventriculaire est similaire à nodus sinuatrialis.
Syn. : nodule Aschoff-Tawara
Note : nodus atrioventricularis[PNA]

NODUL ATRIOVENTRICULAR

Etm. : [L. nodus=nod; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibul; L. ventriculus, dim.

de la venter=abdomen]
Def. : Masă redusă de fibre miocardice embrionare din sistemul
cardioconector, situată în corpul fibros central al inimii, la joncţiunea
atrioventriculară.
Ctxt. : Nodulul atrioventricular este similar cu nodus sinuatrialis.
Sin. : nodul Aschoff-Tawara
Notă : nodus atrioventricularis[NA]

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 ATRIUM

Etm. : [L. atrium, Gr. atrion=hall; L. cor, Gr. kardia=heart]

Def. : One of the pairs of smaller cavities of the heart, with thin muscular
walls, from which the blood passes to the ventricles.
Ctxt. : The atria are separated by the interatrial wall.
Syn. : auricle
Note : atrium cordis[NA]

OREILLETTE

Étm. : [L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibule; L. cor, Gr. kardia=coeur]

Déf. : Chacune des cavités de la base du coeur où arrive le sang veineux
provenant de la grande circulation pour l’oreillette droite, de la
circulation pulmonaire pour l’oreillette gauche.
Ctxt. : Les oreillettes sont séparés par le paroi interauriculaire.
Syn. : auricule
Note : atrium cordis[PNA]

ATRIU

Etm. : [L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibul; L. cor, Gr. kardia=inimă]

Def. : Fiecare din cele două cavităţi cardiace situate în spatele ventriculelor,
la baza cordului.
Ctxt. : Atriile sunt despărţite de peretele interatrial.
Sin. : auricul
Note : atrium cordis[NA]

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 AZYGOS VEINS

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; a neg. + Gr. zygon=yoke or pair]

Def. : An intercepting trunk for the right intercostal veins as well as a
connecting branch between the superior and inferior venae cavae.
Ctxt. : The azygos vein arises from the ascending lumbar vein.
Syn. : -
Note : vena azygos[NA]

VEINES AZYGOS

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; a nég. + Gr. zygon=collier ou pair]

Déf. : Système veineux placé en dérivation entre les deux veines caves, sur
les flancs du rachis et composé de la grande veine azygos à droite, et
des deux veines hémiazygos à gauche.
Ctxt. : Les veines azygos partent de la veine lombaire ascendante.
Syn. : -
Note : vena azygos[PNA]

VENE AZIGOS

Etm. : [L. vena=veine; a neg. + Gr. zygon=colier sau pereche]

Def. : Fiecare din cele trei vene impare care leagă, pe laturile coloanei
vertebrale toracice, cele două vene cave, superioară şi inferioară:
marea venă azigos la dreapta şi cele două vene mici azigos (vene
hemiazigos) la stânga.
Ctxt. : Vena azigos porneşte din vena lombară ascendentă.
Sin. : -
Notă : vena azygos[NA]

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 BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK

Etm. : [L. truncus=trunk; L. brachium, Gr. brachiōn=arm; Gr.

kephalē=head]
Def. : The first branch of the arch of the aorta, which behind the right
sternoclavicular joint divides into the right common carotid and right
subclavian arteries, with distribution to the right side of the head and
neck and to the right arm.
Ctxt. : The lowest thyroid artery may arise from the brachiocephalic trunk.
Syn. : innominate artery
Note : Called also, truncus brachiocephalicus and arteria anonyma[NA]

TRONC BRACHIO-CÉPHALIQUE

Étm. : [L. truncus=tronc; L. brachium, Gr. brachiōn=bras; Gr.

kephalē=tête]
Déf. : La première branche de la crosse de l’aorte, qui, derrière
l’articulation sternoclaviculaire droite est divisée dans l’artère
carotide commune droite et les artères sous-clavières droites;
distribution: la tête, le cou et le membre supérieur.
Ctxt. : L’artère thyroïde infèrieure part du tronc brachio-céphalique.
Syn. : artère anonyme
Note : truncus brachiocephalicus et arteria anonyma[PNA]

TRUNCHI BRAHIOCEFALIC

Etm. : [L. truncus=trunchi; L. brachium, Gr brachiōn=braţ; Gr.

kephalē=cap]
Def. : Trunchi arterial având origine în arcus aortae. Are trei ramuri: arteria
tyroidea ima, arteria carotis communis, arteria subclavia. Irigă
regiunile capului, gâtului şi membrului superior.
Ctxt. : Artera tiroidă inferioară porneşte din trunchiul brahiocefalic.
Sin. : artera anonimă
Notă : truncus brachiocephalicus şi arteria anonyma[NA]

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 CARDIAC VEINS

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; L. cor, Gr. kardia=heart]

Def. : The veins of the heart, which drain blood from the various tissues
making up the organ.
Ctxt. : The cardiac veins are divided into: great cardiac vein, middle cardiac
vein, small cardiac vein, etc.
Syn. : -
Note : venae cordis[NA]

VEINES CARDIAQUES

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; L. cor, Gr. kardia=coeur]

Déf. : Les veines du coeur, qui conduisent le sang des tissues variés en
formant l'organ.
Ctxt. : Les veines cardiaques sont divisées en: grande veine cardiaque, veine
cardiaque moyenne, petite veine cardiaque,etc.
Syn. : -
Note : venae cordis[PNA]

VENE CARDIACE

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; L. cor, Gr. kardia=inimă]

Def. : Ţesut de origine: venele drenate în sinus coronarius [v. cordis
magna, v. cordis media, v. cordis parva, v. cordis minimae, v.
posterior ventriculi sinistri, v. obliqua atrii sinistri, v. cordis
anteriores]; sediu topografic: venele tributare; vărsare: sinus
coronarius.
Ctxt. : Venele cardiace se împart în: vena cardiacă mare, vena cardiacă
mijlocie, vena cardiacă mică, etc.
Sin. : -
Notă : venae cordis[NA]

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 COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artery; Gr. karōtis, from karos=deep sleep; L.

communis=common]
Def. : Origin: brachiocephalic trunk (right), aortic arch (left); branches:
external and internal carotids; distribution: a. carotis externa and a.
carotis interna.
Ctxt. : Common carotid artery formes with the internal jugular vein and the
pneumogastric nerve the vasculonervous package of the neck.
Syn. : cephalic artery
Note :Called also, arteria carotis communis[NA]

ARTÈRE CAROTIDE PRIMITIVE

Étm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artère; Gr. karōtis, de karos=sommeil profound; L.

communis=commun]
Déf. : Tronc commun des artères carotides, naissant à droite du tronc
artèriel brachiocéphalique, et à gauche directement de la crosse de
l’aorte.
Ctxt. : L’artère carotide primitive forme avec la veine jugulaire interne et le
nerf pneumogastrique le paquet vasculonerveux du cou.
Syn. : artère céphalique
Note : arteria carotis communis[PNA]

ARTERĂ CAROTIDĂ PRIMITIVĂ(COMUNĂ)

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=arteră; Gr. karōtis, de la karos=somn adânc; L.

communis=comun]
Def. : Îşi are originea, în dreapta, din bifurcaţia trunchiului arterial
brahiocefalic, iar în stânga, se desprinde direct din crosa aortică.
Ctxt. : Artera carotidă primitivă formează cu vena jugulară internă şi nervul
pneumogastric pachetul vasculonervos al gâtului.
Sin. : arteră cefalică
Notă : arteria carotis communis[NA]

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 CORONARY SINUS

Etm. : [L. sinus=hollow, cavity, channel; L. corona, Gr. korōnē=crown; L.

cor, Gr. kardia=heart]
Def. : The terminal portion of the great cardiac vein, which lies in the
coronary sulcus between the left atrium and ventricle, and empties
into the right atrium.
Ctxt. : The coronary sinus derives from the transversal portion of the
embryonal venous sinus.
Syn. : -
Note : sinus coronarius cordis[NA]

SINUS CORONAIRE

Étm. : [L. sinus=cavité; L. corona, Gr . korōnē=couronne; L. cor, Gr.

kardia=coeur]
Déf. : Dilatation ampullaire de la grande veine coronaire, située dans le
sillon auriculoventriculaire inférieur droit, recevant le sang veineux
de la presque totalité du coeur et ouverte dans l'oreillette droite.
Ctxt. : Le sinus coronaire est dérivé de la portion transversale du sinus
veineux embrionnaire.
Syn. : -
Note : sinus coronarius cordis[PNA]

SINUS CORONAR

Etm. : [L. sinus=cavitate; L. corona, Gr. korōnē=coroană; L. cor, Gr.

kardia=heart]
Déf. : Porţiune terminală şi ampulară a venei coronare mari a inimii,
amplasată pe extremitatea posterioară a şanţului coronar stâng.
Ctxt. : Sinusul coronar derivă din porţiunea transversală a sinusului venos
embrionar.
Sin. : -
Notă : sinus coronarius cordis[NA]

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 CORONARY SULCUS

Etm. : [L. sulcus=groove, trench, furrow; L. corona, Gr. korōnē=crown; L.

cor, Gr. kardia=heart]
Def. : A groove on the external surface of the heart, separating the atria
from the ventricles.
Ctxt. : Portions of the coronary sulcus are occupied by the major arteries
and veins of the heart.
Syn. : atrioventricular groove
Note : Called also,sulcus coronarius cordis[NA]

SULCUS CORONAIRE

Étm. : [L. sulcus=sillon; L. corona, Gr. korōnē=couronne; L. cor, Gr.

kardia=coeur]
Déf. : Sillon marquant, à la surface extérieure du coeur, la séparation des
oreillettes et des ventricules, l’un droit et l’autre gauche.
Ctxt. : Portions du sulcus coronaire sont occupées par les artères et les
veines majeures du coeur.
Syn. : sillon auriculo-ventriculaire
Note : sulcus coronarius cordis[PNA]

SULCUS CORONAR

Etm. : [L. sulcus=şanţ ; L. corona, Gr. korōnē=coroană, L. cor, Gr.

kardia=inimă]
Def. : Şanţ care separă atriile de ventriculi, conţinând trunchiul vaselor
nutritive ale inimii.
Ctxt. : Porţiuni din sulcusul coronar sunt ocupate de arterele şi venele
majore ale inimii.
Sin. : şanţ atrioventricular
Notă : sulcus coronarius cordis[NA]

22
 DIASTOLE

Etm. : [Gr. diastolē=a drawing assunder, expansion]

Def. : The dilatation, or period of dilatation, of the heart, especially of the
ventricles.
Ctxt. : The diastole coincides with the interval between the second and the
first heart sound.
Syn. : -
Note : -

DIASTOLE

Étm. : [Gr. diastolē=dilatation]

Déf. : Phase de remplissage des cavités cardiaques succédant à la systole.
Ctxt. : La diastole suit la systole.
Syn. :-
Note :-

DIASTOLĂ

Etm. : [Gr. diastolē=dilatare]

Def. : Perioadă a revoluţiei cardiace care urmează sistolei şi în timpul
căreia cavităţile inimii se umplu cu sânge.
Ctxt. : Folosit singur, termenul ‘‘ diastolă’’ se referă la diastola
ventriculară.
Sin. :-
Notă :-

23
 ENDOCARDIUM

Etm. : [Gr. endon=inside; kardia=heart]

Def. : The endothelial lining membrane of the heart and the connective
tissue bed on which it lies.
Ctxt. : The endocardium continues with the endothelium of the great vessels
at the base of the heart.
Syn. : -
Note : -

ENDOCARDE

Étm. : [Gr. endon=à l'intérieur; kardia=coeur]

Déf. : Tunique interne du coeur, revêtant en dedans le myocard et limitant
les cavités cardiaques.
Ctxt. : L’endocarde se continue avec l'endothélium des vaisseaux qui
arrivent au coeur ou qui partent.
Syn. :-
Note :-

ENDOCARD

Etm. : [Gr. endon=în interior; kardia=inimă]

Def. : Membrană netedă ce tapisează în interior cavităţile cardiace: aderă
pe faţa profundă a miocardului.
Ctxt. : Endocardul se continuă cu endoteliul vaselor mari de la baza inimii.
Sin. :-
Notă :-

24
 GREAT CARDIAC VEIN

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; L. cor, Gr. kardia=heart; L. magnus=great]

Def. : A vein that collects blood from the anterior surface of the ventricles,
follows the anterior longitudinal sulcus, and empties into the
coronary sinus.
Ctxt. : The great cardiac vein is also called great coronary vein.
Syn. : great coronary vein
Note : vena cordis magna[NA]

GRANDE VEINE CARDIAQUE

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; L. cor, Gr. kardia=coeur; L. magnus=grand]

Déf. : Principale veine du coeur, qui naît près de la pointe, monte dans le
sillon interventriculaire, s’infléchit dans le sillon
auriculoventriculaire gauche et s’abouche dans le sinus coronaire.
Ctxt. : La grande veine cardiaque est appellée aussi grande veine coronaire.
Syn. : grande veine coronaire
Note : vena cordis magna[PNA]

VENĂ CARDIACĂ MARE

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; L. cor, Gr. kardia=inimă; L. magnus=mare]

Def. : Ţesut de origine: partea anterioară a ventriculilor; sediu topografic:
sulcus interventricularis anterior; vărsare: sinus coronarius.
Ctxt. : Marea venă cardiacă se mai numeşte şi vena coronară mare.
Sin. : venă coronară mare
Notă : vena cordis magna[NA]

25
 HEART

Etm. : [L. cor, Gr. kardia=heart]

Def. : The viscus of cardiac muscle that maintains the circulation of the
blood.
Ctxt. : The heart tissue is nourished by the blood in the coronary arteries.
Syn. : -
Note : Called also, cor[NA]

COEUR

Étm. : [L. cor, Gr. kardia=coeur]

Déf. : Organe musculaire creux situé dans le médiastin antérieur et assurant
par ses contractions rythmées la circulation sanguine.
Ctxt. : Le coeur présente quatre cavités: deux oreillettes et deux ventricules.
Syn. : -
Note : cor[PNA]

INIMĂ

Etm. : [L. cor, Gr. kardia=inimă]

Def. : Organul central motor al circulaţiei sanguine, situat în mediastin,
între plămâni.
Ctxt. : Inima este un organ musculocavitar.
Sin. : cord
Notă : cor[NA]

26
 HEPATIC VEINS

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; L. hepaticus, Gr. hēpatikos=pertaining to the liver]

Def. : Several veins that receive blood from the central veins of the liver.
Ctxt. : Usually, there are three hepatic veins: right, sagittal and left.
Syn. : -
Note : venae hepaticae[NA]

VEINES SUS-HÉPATIQUES

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; L. hepaticus, Gr. hēpatikos=appartenant au foie]

Déf. : Tronc veineux ramenant à la veine cave le sang hépatique.
Ctxt. : Il existe habituellement trois veines sus-hépatiques: droite, sagittale
et gauche.
Syn. : -
Note : venae hepaticae[PNA]

VENE HEPATICE

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; L. hepaticus, Gr. hēpatikos=care aparţine ficatului]

Def. : Ţesut de origine: hepar; sediu topografic: pars posterior hepatis;
vărsare: v cava inferior.
Ctxt. : Există de obicei trei vene hepatice: dreaptă, sagitală şi stângă.
Sin. : -
Notă : venae hepaticae[NA]

27
 INFERIOR VENA CAVA

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; cavum=hollow; inferius=low]

Def. : The venous trunk for the lower extremities and for the pelvic and
abdominal viscera; it begins at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra
by union of the common iliac veins, passes upward on the right of
the aorta, and empties into the right atrium of the heart.
Ctxt. : The inferior vena cava receives numerous collateral branches.
Syn. : -
Note : vena cava inferior[NA]

VEINE CAVE INFÉRIEURE

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; cavum=cavité; inferius=bas]

Déf. : Gros tronc veineux formé par la réunion des deux veines iliaques
primitives, cheminant dans l’espace rétropéritonéal à droite de
l’aorte, et ramenant à l’oreillette droite tout le sang sous-
diaphragmatique.
Ctxt. : La veine cave inférieure reçoit de nombreuses collatérales.
Syn. : -
Note : vena cava inferior[PNA]

VENĂ CAVĂ INFERIOARĂ

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; cavum=cavitate; inferius=jos]

Def. : Trunchi venos voluminos care colectează sângele venos din regiunea
subdiafragmatică a corpului, formată din confluenţa celor două vene
iliace primitive.
Ctxt. : Vena cavă inferioară primeşte numeroase ramuri colaterale.
Sin. : -
Notă : vena cava inferior[NA]

28
 INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM

Etm. : [L. septum=a diving wall or partition; inter=between; ventriculus,

dim. of venter=belly; L. cor, Gr. kardia=heart]
Def. : The partition that separates the left ventricle from the right ventricle.
Ctxt. : The interventricular septum consists of a muscular and a
membranous part.
Syn. : -
Note : Called also, septum interventriculare cordis or septum ventriculorum
cordis[NA]

SEPTUM INTERVENTRICULAIRE

Étm. : [L. septum=paroi séparateur; inter=entre; ventriculus, dim. de

venter=abdomen; L. cor, Gr. kardia=coeur]
Déf. : Le compartiment qui sépare le ventricule gauche du ventricule droit.
Ctxt. : Le septum interventriculaire consiste à une partie musculaire et une
partie membraneuse.
Syn. : -
Note : septum interventriculare cordis et septum ventriculorum
cordis[PNA]

SEPT INTERVENTRICULAR

Etm. : [L. septum=perete despărţitor; inter=între; ventriculus, dim. de la

venter=abdomen; L. cor, Gr. kardia=inimă]
Def. : Perete situat între ventriculele inimii.
Ctxt. : Septul interventricular are o structură membranoasă în partea
superioară şi musculară în cea inferioară.
Sin. : -
Notă : septum interventriculare cordis şi septum ventriculorum cordis[NA]

29
 LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE

Etm. : [L. ostium=door, opening; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=hall; L. ventriculus,

dim. of venter=belly; sinister=left]
Def. : The opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the
heart.
Ctxt. : The left atrioventricular orifice is guarded by the left artioventricular
valve.
Syn. : mitral/bicuspid orifice
Note : Called also, ostium atrioventriculare sinistrum and ostium
arteriosum cordis[NA]

ORIFICE AURICULOVENTRICULAIRE GAUCHE

Étm. : [L. ostium=ouverture; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibule; L.

ventriculus, dim. de venter=abdomen; sinister=gauche]
Déf. : Orifice annulaire mettent en communication l’oreillette gauche avec
le ventricule gauche.
Ctxt. : L’orifice auriculoventriculaire gauche est fermé par la valvule
mitrale.
Syn. : orifice mitral/bicuspid
Note : ostium atrioventriculare sinistrum et ostium arteriosum cordis[PNA]

ORIFICIU ATRIOVENTRICULAR STÂNG

Etm. : [L. ostium=deschidere; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibul; L.

ventriculus, dim. de la venter=abdomen; sinister=stâng]
Def. : Denumire pentru deschiderea dintre atriul stâng şi ventriculul stâng.
Ctxt. : Orificiul atrioventricular stâng este închis de valvula mitrală.
Sin. : orificiu mitral/bicuspid
Notă : ostium atrioventriculare sinistrum şi ostium arteriosum cordis[NA]

30
 LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE

Etm. : [L. valvula, dim. of valva=valve; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=hall; L.

ventriculus, dim. of venter=belly; sinister=left]
Def. : The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart;
it usually has two cusps (anterior and posterior), but additional cusps
may be present.
Ctxt. : The mitral valves are united on the ventricular wall.
Syn. : bicuspid/mitral valve
Note : Called also, valvula atrioventricularis sinistra, valvula mitralis or
valvula bicuspidalis[NA]

VALVULE AURICULOVENTRICULAIRE GAUCHE

Étm. : [L. valvula, dim. de valva=valve; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibule; L.

ventriculus, dim. de venter=abdomen; sinister=gauche]
Déf. : Valvule formée de deux valves: droite, interne ou grande valve, et
gauche,externe ou petite valve, et destinée à obturer l’orifice mitral
pendant la systole.
Ctxt. : Les valves mitrales sont unies à la paroi du ventricule par des
cordages.
Syn. : valvule mitrale/bicuspide
Note : valvula atrioventricularis sinistra, valvula mitralis et valvula
bicuspidalis[PNA]

VALVULĂ ATRIOVENTRICULARĂ DREAPTĂ

Etm. : [L. valvula, dim. de la valva=valvă; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibul;

L. ventriculus, dim. de la venter=abdomen; sinister=stâng]
Def. : Sistem vascular constituit din două valve anexate orificiului
atrioventricular stâng (făcând să comunice atriul şi ventriculul stâng).
Ctxt. : Valvele mitrale sunt unite pe peretele ventricular.
Sin. : valvulă mitrală/bicuspidă
Notă : valvula atrioventricularis sinistra, valvula mitralis şi valvula
bicuspidalis[NA]

31
 LEFT ATRIUM

Etm. : [L. atrium, Gr. atrion=hall; L. sinister=left]

Def. : The atrium of the left side of the heart; it receives blood from the
pulmonary veins, and delivers it to the left ventricle.
Ctxt. : The left atrium presents an ear-shaped appendage called left auricle.
Syn. : pulmonary atrium
Note : Called also, atrium sinistrum and atrium pulmonale[NA]

OREILLETTE GAUCHE

Étm. : [L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibule; L. sinister=gauche]

Déf. : L’oreillette de la partie gauche du coeur; elle reçoit le sang des
veines pulmonaires, et le conduit vers le ventricule gauche.
Ctxt. : L’oreillette gauche présente un prolongement aplati appellé auricule
gauche.
Syn. : oreillette pulmonaire
Note : atrium sinistrum et atrium pulmonale[PNA]

ATRIU STÂNG

Etm. : [L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibul; L. sinister=stâng]

Def. : Atriul care primeşte sângele arterial din circulaţia pulmonară.
Ctxt. : Atriul stâng se prelungeşte cu un diverticul numit auricul stâng.
Sin. : atriu pulmonar
Notă : atrium sinistrum şi atrium pulmonale[NA]

32
 LEFT AURICLE

Etm. : [L. auricula, dim. of auris=ear; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=hall; L.

sinister=left]
Def. : The ear-shaped appendage of the left atrium of the heart.
Ctxt. : The term “left auricle” was formerly used as a synonym for the left
atrium of the heart.
Syn. : left atrial appendage
Note : auricula atrii sinistrum[NA]

AURICULE GAUCHE

Étm. : [L. auricula, dim. de auris=oreille; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibule;

L. sinister=gauche]
Def. : Prolongement aplati de la partie supérieure de l’oreillette gauche du
coeur.
Ctxt. : L’auricule gauche s’enroule sur la face latérale gauche de l’artère
pulmonaire.
Syn. : -
Note : auricula atrii sinistrum[PNA]

AURICUL STÂNG

Etm. : [L. auricula, dim. de la auris=ureche; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibul;

L. sinister=stâng]
Def. : Diverticul care prelungeşte atriul stâng.
Ctxt. : Auriculul stâng are formă de hipocamp.
Sin. : -
Notă : auricula atrii sinistrum[NA]

33
 LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artery; L. corona, Gr. korōnē=crown; L.

sinister=left]
Def. : Origin: left aortic sinus; branches: anterior interventricular and
circumflex rami; distribution: left ventricle, left atrium.
Ctxt. : Left coronary artery gives many collateral branches for the left side
of the heart.
Syn. : left auricular artery
Note : arteria coronaria sinistra[NA]

ARTÈRE CORONAIRE GAUCHE

Étm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artère; L. corona, Gr. korōnē=couronne; L.

sinister=gauche]
Déf. : Branche collatérale de la portion initiale de l’aorte, cheminant entre
l’artère pulmonaire et l’auricule gauche, puis dans le sillon
interventriculaire antérieur, pour se terminer près de la pointe du
coeur dans le sillon interventriculaire postérieur.
Ctxt. : L’artère coronaire gauche donne de nombreuses collatérales pour la
partie gauche du coeur.
Syn. : artère auriculaire gauche
Note : arteria coronaria sinistra[PNA]

ARTERĂ CORONARĂ STÂNGĂ

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=arteră; L. corona, Gr. korōnē=coroană; L.

sinister=stâng]
Def. : Origine: sinus aortae (posterior stâng); ramuri: r. interventriculară
anterioară, r. circumflexă, r. marginală stângă, r. atrială stângă, r.
terminală.
Ctxt. : Artera coronară stângă dă naştere la numeroase ramuri colaterale
pentru partea stângă a inimii.
Sin. : arteră auriculară stângă
Notă : arteria coronaria sinistra[NA]

34
 LEFT INFERIOR PULMONARY VEIN

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; pulmonarius=pertaining to the lungs; inferius=low;

sinister=left]
Def. : The vein that returns blood from the lower lobe of the left lung (from
the superior apical branch and the common basal vein) to the left
atrium of the heart.
Ctxt. : The left inferior pulmonary vein opens into the left atrium.
Syn. : -
Note : vena pulmonalis inferior sinistra[NA]

VEINE PULMONAIRE INFÉRIEURE GAUCHE

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; pulmonarius=appartenant aux poumons;

inferius=bas; sinister=gauche]
Déf. : Veine qui retourne le sang du lobe inférieur du poumon gauche (de la
branche apicale supérieure et la veine basale commune) à l’oreillette
gauche du coeur.
Ctxt. : La veine pulmonaire inférieure gauche s’abouche dans l’oreillette
gauche.
Syn. : -
Note : vena pulmonalis inferior sinistra[PNA]

VENĂ PULMONARĂ INFERIOARĂ STÂNGĂ

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; pulmonarius=care aparţine plămânilor;

inferius=jos; sinister=stâng]
Def. : 1. ramus apicalis (superior), - pars intrasegmentalis, - pars
infrasegmentalis (intersegmentalis); 2. vena basalis communis.
Ctxt. : Vena pulmonară inferioară stângă se varsă în atriul stâng.
Sin. : -
Notă : vena pulmonalis inferior sinistra[NA]

35
 LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artery; L. pulmonarius=pertaining to the lungs;

sinister=left]
Def. : Origin: pulmonary trunk; branches: numerous branches according to
the part of the lung to which they distribute unaerated blood;
distribution: left lung.
Ctxt. : The left pulmonary artery gives the anterior mediastinal artery.
Syn. : -
Note : arteria pulmonalis sinistra[NA]

ARTÈRE PULMONAIRE GAUCHE

Étm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artère; L. pulmonarius=appartenant aux poumons;

sinister=gauche]
Déf. : Branche de bifurcation gauche de l’artère pulmonaire, rejoignant
sagittalement le hile du poumon gauche dans lequel elle s’enfonce en
s’enroulant autour de l’arbre bronchique.
Ctxt. : L’artère pulmonaire gauche donne l’artère médiastinale antérieure.
Syn. : -
Note : arteria pulmonalis sinistra[PNA]

ARTERĂ PULMONARĂ STÂNGĂ

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=arteră; L. pulmonarius=care aparţine plămânilor;

sinister=stâng]
Def. : Origine: truncus pulmonalis; ramuri: r. apicalis, r. anterior
descendens, r. posterior, r. anterior lateralis, r. anterior ascendens, r.
lingularis, r. lingularis superior, r. lingularis inferior, r. apicalis
(superior) lobi inferioris, r. subapicalis (subsuperior), r. basalis, r.
medialis, r. basalis anterior, r. basalis lateralis, r. basalis posterior;
distribuţie: plămânul stâng.
Ctxt. : Artera pulmonară stângă dă naştere la artera mediastinală anterioară.
Sin. : -
Notă : arteria pulmonalis sinistra[NA]

36
 LEFT SUPERIOR PULMONARY VEIN

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; pulmonarius=pertaining to the lungs; superius=up;

sinister=left]
Def. : The vein that returns blood from the upper lobe of the left lung (from
the apicoposterior, anterior and lingular branches) to the left atrium
of the heart.
Ctxt. : The left superior pulmonary vein opens into the left atrium.
Syn. : -
Note : vena pulmonalis superior sinistra[NA]

VEINE PULMONAIRE SUPÉRIEURE GAUCHE

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; pulmonarius=appartenant aux poumons;

superius=haut; sinister=gauche]
Def. : Veine qui retourne le sang du lobe supérieur du poumon gauche (de
la branche apicopostérieure, antérieur et lingulaire) à l’oreillette
gauche du coeur.
Ctxt. : La veine pulmonaire supérieure gauche s’abouche dans l’oreillette
gauche.
Syn. : -
Note : vena pulmonalis superior sinistra[PNA]

VENĂ PULMONARĂ SUPERIOARĂ STÂNGĂ

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; pulmonarius=care aparţine plămânilor;

superius=sus; sinister=stâng]
Def. : 1. ramus apicoposterior, - pars intrasegmentalis, - pars
infrasegmentalis (intersegmentalis); 2. ramus anterior, - pars
intrasegmentalis, - pars infrasegmentalis (intersegmentalis); 3. ramus
lingularis, - pars superior, - pars inferior.
Ctxt. : Vena pulmonară superioară stângă se varsă în atriul stâng.
Sin. : -
Notă : vena pulmonalis superior sinistra[NA]

37
 LEFT VENTRICLE

Etm. : [L. ventriculus, dim. of venter=belly; sinister=left; L. cor, Gr.

kardia=heart]
Def. : The cavity of the heart that propels the blood out through the aorta
into the systemic arteries.
Ctxt. : The left ventricle communicates with the left atrium by the left
atrioventricular orifice.
Syn. : -
Note : ventriculus sinister cordis[NA]

VENTRICULE GAUCHE

Étm. : [L. ventriculus, dim de venter=abdomen; sinister=gauche; L. cor,

Gr. kardia=coeur]
Déf. : La cavité du coeur qui mène le sang de l’aorte dans les artères
systèmiques.
Ctxt. : Le ventricule gauche communique avec l’oreillette gauche par
l’orifice auriculoventriculaire gauche.
Syn. : -
Note : ventriculus sinister cordis[PNA]

VENTRICUL STÂNG

Etm. : [L. ventriculus, dim. de la venter=abdomen; sinister=stâng; L. cor,

Gr. kardia=inimă]
Def. : Cavitate care trimite sângele prin aortă în marea circulaţie.
Ctxt. : Ventriculul stâng comunică cu atriul stâng prin orificiul
atrioventricular stâng.
Sin. : -
Notă : ventriculus sinister cordis[NA]

38
 MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; L. cor, Gr. kardia=heart; L. medium=middle]

Def. : A vein that collects blood from the diaphragmatic surface of the
ventricles, follows the posterior longitudinal sulcus, and empties into
the coronary sinus.
Ctxt. : The middle cardiac vein empties into the coronary sinus.
Syn. : -
Note : vena cordis media[NA]

VEINE CARDIAQUE MOYENNE

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; L. cor, Gr. kardia=coeur; L. medium=moyen]

Déf. : Veine qui collecte le sang de la surface diaphragmatique des
ventricules, suit le sulcus longitudinal postérieur et s’abouche dans le
sinus coronaire.
Ctxt. : La veine cardiaque moyenne s’abouche dans le sinus coronaire.
Syn. : -
Note : vena cordis media[PNA]

VENĂ CARDIACĂ MIJLOCIE

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; L. cor, Gr. kardia=inimă; L. medium=mijlociu]

Def. : Ţesut de origine: faţa diafragmatică a inimii; sediu topografic: sulcus
interventricularis anterior; vărsare: sinus coronarius.
Ctxt. : Vena cardiacă mijlocie se varsă în sinusul coronar.
Sin. : -
Notă : vena cordis media[NA]

39
 MYOCARDIUM

Etm. : [Gr. mys=muscle; kardia=heart]

Def. : The middle and the thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of
cardiac muscle.
Ctxt. : The heart wall is made of muscular fibres forming the myocardium.
Syn. : -
Note : -

MYOCARDE

Étm. : [Gr. mys=muscle; kardia=coeur]

Déf. : Tunique musculaire du coeur, de structure striée, mais dont la
commande est involontaire.
Ctxt. : Le paroi du coeur est formé des fibres musculaires en constituant le
myocarde.
Syn. : -
Note : -

MIOCARD

Etm: [L. mys=muşchi; kardia]

Def: Denumire dată muşchiului cardiac, constituit din fibre musculare striate
şi celule nervoase excitoconductoare.
Ctxt: Peretele inimii este format din fibre musculare ce constituie
miocardul.
Sin: -
Notă: -

40
 OVAL FOSSA

Etm. : [L. fossa=a trench or channel; ovalis=oval; L. cor, Gr.

kardia=heart]
Def. : A depression on the right side of the interatrial septum of the heart.
Ctxt. : The oval fossa of the heart represents the remains of the fetal
foramen ovale.
Syn. : -
Note : fossa ovalis cordis and fossa ovalis septi atriorum[NA]

FOSSE OVALE

Étm. : [L. fossa=canal; ovalis=oval; L. cor, Gr. kardia=coeur]

Déf. : Depression dans la partie droite du septum interauriculaire du coeur.
Ctxt. : La fosse ovale du coeur dérive du septum primum et septum
secundum embryonnaire.
Syn. : -
Note : fossa ovalis cordis et fossa ovalis septi atriorum[PNA]

FOSĂ OVALĂ

Etm. : [L. fossa=canal; ovalis=oval; L. cor, Gr. kardia=inimă]

Def. : Depresiune ovală în septul interatrial.
Ctxt. : Planşeul fosei ovale derivă din septum primum embrionar, iar
marginea sa din septum secundum.
Sin. : -
Notă : fossa ovalis cordis şi fossa ovalis septi atriorum[NA]

41
 PAPILLARY MUSCLES

Etm. : [L. musculus, dim. of mus=mouse; papula=button]

Def. : Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles,
attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae
tendinae.
Ctxt. : There is an anterior and a posterior papillary muscle in each
ventricle.
Syn. : -
Note : musculi papillares[NA]

MUSCLES PAPILLAIRES

Étm. : [L. musculus, dim. de mus=souris; papula=bouton]

Déf. : Des projections musculaires coniques des parois des ventricules
cardiaques attachées à la feuillette des valvules auriculoventriculaires
par le chordae tendinae.
Ctxt. : Il y a un muscle papillaire antérieur et postérieur dans chaque
ventricule.
Syn. : -
Note : musculi papillares[PNA]

MUŞCHI PAPILARI

Etm. : [L. musculus, dim. de la mus=şoarece; papula=buton]

Def. : Origine: pereţii ventriculelor, septul interventricular; inserţie:
valvulele atrioventriculare corespunzătoare; inervaţie: simpatică,
parasimpatică, ţesut nodal; acţiune: dinamica valvulelor
atrioventriculare.
Sin. : -
Notă : musculi papillares[NA]

42
 PERICARDIUM

Etm. : [L; Gr. peri=around; Gr. kardia=heart]

Def. : The fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great
vessels.
Ctxt. : The base of the pericardium is attached to the central tendon of the
diaphragm.
Syn. : -
Note : -

PÉRICARDE

Étm. : [L.; Gr. peri=autour; Gr. kardia=coeur]

Déf. : Sac sérofibreux enveloppant le coeur.
Ctxt. : La séreuse du péricarde comprend un feuillet viscéral et un feuillet
pariétal.
Syn. : -
Note : -

PERICARD

Etm. : [L.; Gr. peri=în jurul; Gr. kardia=inimă]

Def. : Sac membranos închis, care înconjoară inima.
Ctxt. : Vârful pericardului înconjoară vasele mari care pleacă din baza
inimii.
Sin. : -
Notă : -

43
 PULMONARY ARTERY

Etm. : [L.;Gr. artēria=artery; L. pulmonarius=pertaining to the lungs]

Def. : Bulky arterial trunk which drains the venal blood from the right
ventricle to the lungs.
Ctxt. : The pulmonary artery is divided into two branches: right pulmonary
artery and left pulmonary artery.
Syn. : pulmonary trunk
Note : arteria pulmonalis and truncus pulmonalis[NA]

ARTÈRE PULMONAIRE

Étm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artère; L. pulmonarius=appartenant aux poumons]

Déf. : Volumineux tronc artèriel conduisant le sang veineux du coeur au
poumon, depuis l'orifice pulmonaire du ventricule droit jusqu'à sa
bifurcation, sous la crosse aortique, en artères pulmonaires droite et
gauche.
Ctxt. : L’artère pulmonaire est divisée en deux branches: artère pulmonaire
droite et artère pulmonaire gauche.
Syn. : tronc pulmonaire
Note : arteria pulmonalis et truncus pulmonalis[PNA]

ARTERĂ PULMONARĂ

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=arteră; L. pulmonarius=care aparţine plămânilor]

Def. : Trunchi arterial voluminos care duce la plămâni sângele venos din
ventriculul drept; după un traiect scurt, se împarte sub crosa aortică
în două ramuri: arterele pulmonare (dreaptă şi stângă).
Ctxt. : Artera pulmonară se divide în două ramuri: artera pulmonară dreaptă
şi artera pulmonară stângă.
Sin. : trunchi pulmonary
Notă : arteria pulmonalis şi truncus pulmonalis[NA]

44
 RIGHT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE

Etm. : [L. ostium=door, opening; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=hall; L. ventriculus,

dim. of venter=belly; dexter=right]
Def. : The opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the
heart.
Ctxt. : The right atrioventricular orifice is guarded by the right
atrioventricular valve.
Syn. : tricuspid orifice
Note : Called also, ostium atrioventriculare dextrum and ostium venosum
cordis[NA]

ORIFICE AURICULOVENTRICULAIRE DROIT

Étm. : [L. ostium=ouverture; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibule; L.

ventriculus, dim. de venter=abdomen; dexter=droite]
Déf. : Orifice annulaire mettant en communication l’oreillette droite avec le
ventricule droit.
Ctxt. : L’orifice auriculoventriculaire droit est fermé par la valvule
tricuspide.
Syn. : orifice tricuspide
Note : ostium atrioventriculare dextrum et ostium venosum cordis[PNA]

ORIFICIU ATRIOVENTRICULAR DREPT

Etm. : [L. ostium=deschidere; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibul; L.

ventriculus, dim. de la venter=abdomen; dexter=drept]
Def. : Denumire pentru deschiderea dintre atriul drept şi ventriculul drept.
Ctxt. : Orificiul atrioventricular drept este închis de valvula tricuspidă.
Sin. : orificiu tricuspid
Notă : ostium atrioventriculare dextrum şi ostium venosum cordis[NA]

45
 RIGHT ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE

Etm. : [L. valva=valve; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=hall; L. ventriculus, dim. of

venter=belly; dexter=right]
Def. : The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the
heart; it usually has three cusps (anterior, posterior and septal), but
additional small cusps may be present.
Ctxt. : The peripheral sides of the tricuspid valves are united on the
ventricular wall.
Syn. : tricuspid valve
Note : Called also, valva atrioventricularis dextra and valvula
tricuspidalis[NA]

VALVULE ATRIOVENTRICULAIRE DROITE

Étm. : [L. valva=valve; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibule; L. ventriculus, dim.

de venter=abdomen; dexter=droit]
Déf. : Valvule composée de trois valves triangulaires antérieure, inférieure
et interne, destinée à obturer l’orifice tricuspide pendant la systole.
Ctxt. : Les faces périphériques des valves tricuspides sont unies à la paroi
ventriculaire par des cordages.
Syn. : valvule tricuspide
Note : valva atrioventricularis dextra et valvula tricuspidalis[PNA]

VALVULĂ ATRIOVENTRICULARĂ DREAPTĂ

Etm. : [L. valva=valvă; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibul; L. ventriculus, dim.

de la venter=abdomen; dexter=drept]
Def. : Sistem valvular alcătuit din trei valve, anexat la orificiul
atrioventricular drept (care pune în comunicare atriul şi ventriculul
drept.
Ctxt. : Feţele periferice ale valvelor tricuspide sunt unite pe peretele
ventricular.
Sin. : valvă tricuspidă
Notă : valva atrioventricularis dextra şi valvula tricuspidalis[NA]

46
 RIGHT ATRIUM

Etm. : [L. atrium, Gr. atrion=hall; L. dexter=right]

Def. : The atrium of the right side of the heart; it receives blood from the
superior and inferior vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle.
Ctxt. : The right atrium presents an ear-shaped appendage called right
auricle.
Syn. : -
Note : atrium dextrum[NA]

OREILLETTE DROITE

Étm. : [L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibule; L. dexter=droit]

Déf. : L’oreillette de la partie droite du coeur; il reçoit le sang de la veine
cave supérieure et inférieure et le conduit vers le ventricule droit.
Ctxt. : L’oreillette droite présente un prolongement aplati apellé auricule
droite.
Syn. : -
Note : atrium dextrum[PNA]

ATRIU DREPT

Etm. : [L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibul; L. dexter=drept]

Def. : Atriul care primeşte sânge venos din marea circulaţie.
Ctxt. : Atriul drept se prelungeşte cu un diverticul numit auricul drept.
Sin. : -
Notă : atrium dextrum[NA]

47
 RIGHT AURICLE

Etm. : [L. auricula, dim. of auris=ear; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=hall; L.

dexter=right]
Def. : The ear-shaped appendage of the right atrium of the heart.
Ctxt. : The term “right auricle” was formerly used as a synonym for the
right atrium of the heart.
Syn. : right atrial appendage
Note : auricula atrii dextri[NA]

AURICULE DROITE

Étm. : [L. auricula, dim. de auris=oreille; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibule;

L. dexter=droit]
Déf. : Prolongement aplati de la partie supérieure de l’oreillette droite du
coeur.
Ctxt. : L’auricule droite s’enroule sur la face latérale de l’aorte.
Syn. : -
Note : auricula atrii dextri[PNA]

AURICUL DREPT

Etm. : [L. auricula, dim. de la auris=oreille; L. atrium, Gr. atrion=vestibul;

L. dexter=drept]
Def. : Diverticul care pelungeşte atriul drept.
Ctxt. : Auriculul drept are formă de piramidă triunghiulară.
Sin. : -
Notă : auricula atrii dextri[NA]

48
 RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artery; L. corona, Gr. korōnē=crown; L.

dexter=right]
Def. : Origin: right aortic sinus; branches: posterior interventricular;
distribution: right ventricle, right atrium.
Ctxt. : The right coronary artery gives many collateral branches for the right
and the inferior side of the heart.
Syn. : right auricular artery
Note : arteria coronaria dextra[NA]

ARTÈRE CORONAIRE DROITE

Étm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artère; L. corona, Gr. korōnē=couronne; L.

dexter=droit]
Déf. : Branche collatérale de la portion initiale de l'aorte, cheminant dans le
sillon auriculo-ventriculaire droit et se terminant dans le sillon
interventriculaire inférieur.
Ctxt. : L’artère coronaire droite donne de nombreuses branches collatérales
pour les portions droites et inférieures du coeur.
Syn. : artère auriculaire droite
Note : arteria coronaria dextra[PNA]

ARTERĂ CORONARĂ DREAPTĂ

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=arteră; L. corona, Gr. korōnē=coroană; L.

dexter=drept]
Def. : Origine: sinus aortae (anterior); ramuri: r. atrială dreaptă, r.
interventriculară posterioară, r. marginală dreaptă, r. preventriculară,
r. transversală; distribuţie: atriul drept, rădăcina arterei pulmonare şi a
arterei aorte, peretele anterior al ventriculului drept, miocardul septal,
ventriculul stâng alăturat, şanţul longitudinal posterior.
Ctxt. : Artera coronară dreaptă dă numeroase ramuri colaterale pentru partea
dreaptă şi cea inferioară a inimii.
Sin. : arteră auriculară dreaptă
Notă : arteria coronaria dextra[NA]

49
 RIGHT INFERIOR PULMONARY VEIN

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; pulmonarius=pertaining to the lungs; inferius=low;

dexter=right]
Def. : The vein that returns blood from the lower lobe of the right lung
(from the apical branch and from the common, superior and inferior
basal veins) to the left atrium of the heart.
Ctxt. : The right inferior pulmonary vein opens into the left atrium.
Syn. : -
Note : vena pulmonalis inferior dextra[NA]

VEINE PULMONAIRE INFÉRIEURE DROITE

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; pulmonarius=appartenant aux poumons;

inferius=bas; dexter=droit]
Déf. : Veine qui retourne le sang du lobe inférieur du poumon droit (de la
branche apicale et les veines basales commune, supérieure et
inférieure) à l’oreillette gauche du coeur.
Ctxt. : La veine pulmonaire inférieure droite s’abouche dans l’oreillette
gauche.
Syn. : -
Note : vena pulmonalis inferior dextra[PNA]

VENĂ PULMONARĂ INFERIOARĂ DREAPTĂ

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; pulmonarius=care aparţine plămânilor;

inferius=jos; dexter=drept]
Def. : 1. ramus apicalis (superior), - pars intrasegmentalis, - pars
infrasegmentalis (intersegmentalis); 2. vena basalis communis; 3. vena
basalis superior, - ramus basalis anterior, a) pars intrasegmentalis, b)
pars infrasegmentalis (intersegmentalis); 4. vena basalis inferior.
Ctxt. : Vena pulmonară inferioară dreaptă se varsă în atriul stâng.
Sin. : -
Notă : vena pulmonalis inferior dextra[NA]

50
 RIGHT PULMONARY ARTERY

Etm. : [L; Gr. artēria=artery; L. pulmonarius=pertaining to the lungs;

dexter=right]
Def. : Origin: pulmonary trunk; branches: numerous branches named
according to the part of the lung to which they distribute unaerate
blood; distribution: right lung.
Ctxt. : The right pulmonary artery gives the mediastinal artery of the
superior lobe.
Syn. : -
Note : arteria pulmonalis dextra[NA]

ARTÈRE PULMONAIRE DROITE

Étm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artère; L. pulmonarius=appartenant aux poumons;

dexter=droit]
Déf. : Branche de bifurcation droite de l'artère pulmonaire, cheminant
transversalement sous la crosse aortique jusqu'au hile pulmonaire droit
dans lequel elle pénètre en s'enroulant autour du tronc bronchique.
Ctxt. : L’artère pulmonaire droite donne l’artère médiastinale du lobe
supérieur.
Syn. : -
Note. : arteria pulmonalis dextra[PNA]

ARTERĂ PULMONARĂ DREAPTĂ

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=arteră; L. pulmonarius=care aparţine plămânilor;

dexter=drept]
Def. : Origine: truncus pulmonalis; ramuri: r. apicalis, r. anterior
ascendens, r. anterior descendens, r. posterior superior, r. posterior
descendens, r. posterior inferior, r. posterior ascendens, r. lobi medii,
r. lateralis, r. medialis, r. apicalis (superior) lobi inferioris, r.
subapicalis (subsuperior), r. basalis medalis (cardiacus), r. basalis
anterior, r. basalis lateralis, r. basalis posterior; distribuţie: plămânul
drept.
Ctxt. : Artera pulmonară dreaptă dă artera mediastinală a lobului superior.
Sin. : -
Notă : arteria pulmonalis dextra[NA]

51
 RIGHT SUPERIOR PULMONARY VEIN

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; pulmonarius=pertaining to the lungs; superius=up;

dexter=right]
Def. : The vein that returns blood from the upper and middle lobes of the
right lung (from the apical, anterior and posterior branches and the
middle lobar branch) to the left atrium of the heart.
Ctxt. : The right superior pulmonary vein opens into the left atrium.
Syn. : -
Note : vena pulmonalis superior dextra[NA]

VEINE PULMONAIRE SUPÉRIEURE DROITE

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; pulmonarius=appartenant aux poumons;

superius=haut; dexter=droit]
Déf. : Veine qui retourne le sang du lobe supérieur et moyen du poumon
droit (de la branche apicale, antérieure et postérieure et de la branche
lobare moyenne) à l’oreillette gauche du coeur.
Ctxt. : La veine pulmonaire supérieure droite s’abouche dans l’oreillette
gauche.
Syn. : -
Note : vena pulmonalis superior dextra[PNA]

VENĂ PULMONARĂ SUPERIOARĂ DREAPTĂ

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; pulmonarius=care aparţine plămânilor;

superius=sus; dexter=drept]
Def. : 1. ramus apicalis, - pars intrasegmentalis, - pars infrasegmentalis
(intersegmentalis); 2. ramus anterior, - pars intrasegmentalis, - pars
infrasegmentalis(interlobaris); 3. ramus posterior, - pars interlobaris,
- pars intralobaris (intersegmentalis); 4. ramus lobii medii, - pars
lateralis, - pars medialis.
Ctxt. : Vena pulmonară superioară dreaptă se varsă în atriul stâng.
Sin. : -
Notă : vena pulmonalis superior dextra[NA]

52
 RIGHT VENTRICLE

Etm. : [L. ventriculus, dim. of venter=belly; dexter=right; L. cor, Gr.

kardia=heart]
Def. : The ventricle cavity of the heart that propels the blood through the
pulmonary trunk and arteries into the lungs.
Ctxt. : The right ventricle communicates with the right atrium by the right
atrioventricular orifice.
Syn. : -
Note : ventriculus dexter cordis[NA]

VENTRICULE DROIT

Étm. : [L. ventriculus, dim. de venter=abdomen; dexter=droit; L. cor, Gr.

kardia=coeur]
Déf. : La cavité du coeur qui chasse le sang par les artères et le tronc
pulmonaire dans les poumons.
Ctxt. : Le ventricule droit communique avec l’oreillette droite par l’orifice
auriculoventriculaire droit.
Syn. : -
Note : ventriculus dexter cordis[PNA]

VENTRICUL DREPT

Etm. : [L. ventriculus, dim. de la venter=abdomen; dexter=drept; L. cor,

Gr. kardia=inimă]
Def. : Ventriculul care trimite sângele prin artera pulmonară în plămâni.
Ctxt. : Ventriculul drept comunică cu atriul drept prin orificiul
atrioventricular.
Sin. : -
Notă : ventriculus dexter cordis[NA]

53
 SIGMOID VALVE

Etm. : [L. valvula, dim. of valva=valve; semi=half+luna=moon]

Def. : A valve having semilunar cusps, that closes the aortic and pulmonary
orifices during the diastole.
Ctxt. : The sigmoid valve prevents the backflow of blood into the ventricles.
Syn. : semilunar valve
Note : valvula semilunaris[NA]

VALVULE SIGMOÏDE

Étm. : [L. valvula, dim. de valva=valve; semi=demi+luna=lune]

Déf. : Triple valvule en nid de pigeon obturant les orifices aortique et
pulmonaire pendant la systole.
Ctxt. : La valvule sigmoïde empêche le reflux de sang dans les ventricules.
Syn. : valvule semilunaire
Note : valvula semilunaris[PNA]

VALVULĂ SIGMOIDĂ

Etm. : [L. valvula, dim. de la valva=valvă; semi=jumătate+luna=lună]

Def. : Trei repliuri subţiri situate la fiecare orificiu arterial al inimii, în
formă de ‘‘cuib de rândunică’’, care închid orificiile aortei şi arterei
pulmonare în timpul diastolei.
Ctxt. : Valva sigmoidă împiedică refluxul sângelui în ventricule.
Sin. : valvă semilunară
Notă : valvula semilunaris[NA]

54
 SINOATRIAL NODE

Etm. : [L. nodus=node; sinus=hollow, cavity, channel; L. atrium, Gr.

atrion=hall]
Def. : A microscopic collection of atypical cardiac muscle fibers at the
superior end of the sulcus terminalis, at the junction of the superior
vena cava and right atrium.
Ctxt. : The sinoatrial node is known as the pacemaker of the heart.
Syn. : Keith-Flack nodule
Note : nodus sinuatrialis[NA]

NODULE SINO-AURICULAIRE

Étm. : [L. nodus=noeud; sinus=cavité, canal; L. atrium, Gr.

atrion=vestibule]
Déf. : Collection microscopique de fibres musculaires cardiaques atypiques,
au bout supérieur du sulcus terminalis, à la jonction de la veine cave
supérieure et l’auricule droit.
Ctxt. : Le rhythme cardiaque à l’origine dans le nodule sino-auriculaire.
Syn. : nodule Keith-Flack
Note : nodus sinuatrialis[PNA]

NODUL SINOATRIAL

Etm. : [L. nodus=nod; sinus=cavitate, canal; L. atrium, Gr.

atrion=vestibul]
Def. : Grup de fibre miocardice embrionare ale sistemului cardioconector
situat la joncţiunea venei cave superioare cu atriul drept.
Ctxt. : Ritmul cardiac are originea în nodulul sinoatrial.
Sin. : nodul Keith-Flack, nodul sinoauricular/sinuzal
Notă : nodus sinuatrialis[NA]

55
 SMALL CARDIAC VEIN

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; L. cor, Gr. kardia=heart; L. parvus=small]

Def. : A vein that collects blood from both parts of the right heart, follows
the coronary sulcus to the left, and opens into the coronary sinus.
Ctxt. : The small cardiac vein empties into the coronary sinus.
Syn. : -
Note : vena cordis parva[NA]

PETITE VEINE CARDIAQUE

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; L. cor, Gr. kardia=coeur; L. parvus=petit]

Déf. : Veine qui collecte sang des deux parties du coeur droit suit le sulcus
coronaire à gauche et s’abouche dans le sinus coronaire.
Ctxt. : La petite veine cardiaque s’abouche dans le sinus coronaire.
Syn. : -
Note : vena cordis parva[PNA]

VENĂ CARDIACĂ MICĂ

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; L. cor, Gr. kardia=inimă; L. parvus=mic]

Def. : Ţesut de origine: o arie din partea posterioară a atriului şi
ventriculului drept; sediu topografic: partea dreaptă a şanţului
coronar; vărsare: sinus coronarius.
Ctxt. : Vena cardiacă mică se varsă în sinusul coronar.
Sin. : -
Notă : vena cordis parva[NA]

56
 SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artery; L. sub=under; clavis=key]

Def. : Origin: brachiocephalic trunk (right), arch of aorta (left); branches:
vertebral, internal thoracic arteries, thyrocervical and costocervical
trunks; distribution: neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges,
upper limb.
Ctxt. : Subclavian artery continues with the axillary artery.
Syn. : -
Note : arteria subclavia[NA]

ARTÈRE SOUS-CLAVIÈRE

Étm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=artère; L. sub=sous; clavis=clé]

Déf. : Branche de bifurcation du tronc artèriel brachiocéphalique à droite,
branche collatérale de la crosse aortique à gauche, puis derrière la
clavicule des deux côtés jusqu'au bord inférieur de cet os où elle se
continue par l'artère axillaire.
Ctxt. : L’artère sous-clavière se continue par l’artère axillaire.
Syn. : -
Note : arteria subclavia[PNA]

ARTERĂ SUBCLAVICULARĂ

Etm. : [L.; Gr. artēria=arteră; L. sub=sub; clavis=cheie]

Def. : Artera principală a membrului superior, care irigă de asemeni şi
regiunea inferioară a gâtului, peretele toracelui şi porţiunea
posterioară a encefalului. La dreapta ia naştere din bifurcaţia
trunchiului brahiocefalic, iar la stânga direct din crosa aortei. Artera
subclaviculară descrie o crosă la baza gâtului şi se continuă cu artera
axilară.
Ctxt. : Artera subclaviculară descrie o crosă la baza gâtului şi se continuă cu
artera axilară.
Sin. : -
Notă : arteria subclavia[NA]

57
 SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

Etm. : [L. vena=vein; cavum=hollow; superius=up]

Def. : The venous trunk draining blood from the head, neck, upper
extremities, and chest; it begins by union of the two brachiocephalic
veins, passes directly downward, and empties into the right atrium of
the heart.
Ctxt. : The superior vena cava receives only one collateral branch, the great
azygos vein.
Syn. : -
Note : vena cava superior[NA]

VEINE CAVE SUPÉRIEURE

Étm. : [L. vena=veine; cavum=cavité; superius=haut]

Déf. : Tronc veineux formé par la reunion dans le médiastin antérieur des
deux troncs veineux brachiocéphaliques, et amenant à l’oreillette
droite le sang d’origine sus-diaphragmatique.
Ctxt. : La veine cave supérieure reçoit une seule collatérale, la grande veine
azygos.
Syn. : -
Note : vena cava superior[PNA]

VENĂ CAVĂ SUPERIORĂ

Etm. : [L. vena=venă; cavum=cavitate; superius=sus]

Def. : Trunchi venos voluminos care colectează sângele venos din regiunea
supradiafragmatică a corpului, format din confluenţa celor două
trunchiuri brahiocefalice.
Ctxt. : Vena cavă superioară primeşte o singură colaterală marea venă
azigos.
Sin. : -
Notă : vena cava superior[NA]

58
 SYSTOLE

Etm. : [Gr. systolē=a drawing together, contraction]

Def. : The contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially that
of the ventricles.
Ctxt. : The systole is sometimes divided into components.
Syn. : -
Note : -

SYSTOLE

Étm. : [Gr. systolē=contraction]

Déf. : Phase de contraction et d’ejection des oreillettes et des ventricules.
Ctxt. : Parfois la systole est divisée en plusieurs composants.
Syn. : -
Note : -

SISTOLĂ

Etm. : [Gr. systolē=contracţie]

Def. : 1. Primul timp al revoluţiei cardiace în timpul căreia inima se
contractă şi pompează sângele în artere. 2. Contracţia cardiacă însăşi,
care cuprinde contracţia simultană a celor două auricule, urmată de
contracţia, de asemeni simultană, a celor două ventricule.
Ctxt. : Uneori sistola se divide în mai multe componente.
Sin. : -
Notă : -

59
 VALVE OF CORONARY SINUS

Etm. : [L. valvula, dim. of valva=valve; sinus=hollow, cavity, channel; L.

corona, Gr. korōnē=crown]
Def. : A fold of endocardium along the right margin of the opening of the
coronary sinus into the right atrium of the heart.
Ctxt. : The valve of coronary sinus is also called valvula Thebesius.
Syn. : -
Note : valvula sinus coronarii, valvula Thebesius[NA]

VALVULE DU SINUS CORONAIRE

Étm. : [L. valvula, dim. de valva=valve; sinus=cavité; L. corona, Gr.

korōnē=couronne]
Déf. : Pli de l’endocarde de l’auricule droite, à l’ouverture du sinus
coronaire.
Ctxt. : La valvule du sinus coronaire est aussi appellée valvula Thebesius.
Syn. : -
Note : valvula sinus coronarii, valvula Thebesius[PNA]

VALVULA SINUSULUI CORONAR

Etm. : [L. valvula, dim. de la valva=valvă; sinus=cavitate; L. corona, Gr.

korōnē=coroană]
Def. : Pliciu semicircular al endocardului atriului drept, la orificiul de
vărsare a sinusului coronar.
Ctxt. : Valva sinusului coronar se mai numeşte valvula Thebesius.
Sin. : -
Notă : valvula sinus coronarii, valvula Thebesius[NA]

60
 VALVE OF PULMONARY TRUNK

Etm. : [L. valva=valve; truncus=trunk; pulmonarius=pertaining to the

lungs]
Def. : A valve composed of three semilunar segments (anterior, right and
left), guarding the pulmonary orifice in the right ventricle of the heart.
Ctxt. : The valve of pulmonary trunk prevents backflow of blood into the
right ventricle.
Syn. : pulmonary/semilunar valve
Note : Called also, valva trunci pulmonalis and valvulae semilunares
arteriae pulmonalis[NA]

VALVULE DU TRONC PULMONAIRE

Étm. : [L. valva=valve; truncus=tronc; pulmonarius=appartenant aux

poumons]
Déf. : Valvule composée de trois segments sémilunaires (antérieur, droit et
gauche), guardant l’orifice pulmonaire dans le ventricule droit.
Ctxt. : La valvule du tronc pulmonaire empêche le reflux de sang dans le
ventricule droit.
Syn. : valvule pulmonaire/sémilunaire
Note : valva trunci pulmonalis et valvulae semilunares arteriae
pulmonalis[PNA]

VALVULA TRUNCHIULUI PULMONAR

Etm. : [L. valva=valvă; truncus=trunchi; pulmonarius=care aparţine

plămânilor]
Def. : Aparatul valvular compus din trei valvule semilunare aflate la ieşirea
trunchiului pulmonar din ventriculul drept.
Ctxt. : Valva trunchiului pulmonar împiedică refluxul sângelui în
ventriculul drept.
Sin. : valvă pulmonară/semilunară
Notă : valva trunci pulmonalis şi valvulae semilunares arteriae
pulmonalis[NA]

61
 VENTRICLE

Etm. : [L. ventriculus, dim. of venter=belly; L. cor, Gr. kardia=heart]

Def. : One of the pair of the cavities, with thick muscular walls, that make
up the bulk of the heart.
Ctxt. : The ventricles communicate with the atria by the atroventricular
orifices.
Syn. : -
Note : ventriculus cordis[NA]

VENTRICULE

Étm. : [L. ventriculus, dim. de venter=abdomen; L. cor, Gr. kardia=coeur]

Déf. : Chacune des cavités pyramidales ou conoïdes, l’une droite, l’autre
gauche, séparées l’une de l’autre par la cloison interventriculaire.
Ctxt. : Les ventricules communiquent avec les oreillettes par les orifices
auriculoventriculaires.
Syn. : -
Note. : ventriculus cordis[PNA]

VENTRICUL

Etm. : [L. ventriculus, dim. de la venter=abdomen; L. cor, Gr.

kardia=inimă]
Def. : Fiecare din cele două cavităţi ale cordului, aşezate anterior faţă de
auricule şi separate între ele prin septul interventricular.
Ctxt. : Ventriculele comunică cu atriile prin orificiile atrioventriculare.
Sin. : -
Notă : ventriculus cordis[NA]

62
 ANNEXE I

ENGLISH EXPRESSIONS WITH “HEART ”

Break sb’s heart = to make someone extremely sad

Know/learn something by heart = to know or learn something so that you
can remember all of it
Set your on = to want something very much
Have sb’s (best) interests at heart = care about someone and want to
improve their situation
My heart was in my mouth = used to say that you suddenly felt very afraid
My/his/her heart goes out to sb = used to say that someone feels a lot of
sympathy towards another person
My/his/her heart isn’t in it = used to say that someone does not really want
to do something
Not have the heart to do something = to be unable to do something
because it will make someone unhappy
Be in good heart = formal to feel cheerful and confident
Take heart = to feel encouraged
It does your heart good to see/hear = used to say that something makes
you feel happy
Have a heart! = often humorous usd to tell someone not to be too strict or
unkind
His/her heart is in the right place = informal used to say that someone is
really a kind person, even though they may not appear to be
Cross my heart (and hope to die) = spoken informal used to say that you
promise that you will do something or that what you are saying is true
Eat your heart out = 1. used to compare two things and say that one is
much better; 2. to be unhappy about something or to want someone or
something very much
Have a change of heart = a change in someone’s attitude
Wear your heart on your sleeve = informal to show your true feelings
openly
Heart-ache = a strong feeling of great sadness and anxiety
Heart-break = great sadness or disappointement

63
 ANNEXE II

FRENCH EXPRESSIONS WITH “COEUR ”

Avoir qqch à coeur = a-i sta ceva pe suflet

Avoir à coeur de... = a ţine morţiş să...
Avoir un coeur d’artichaud = a fi fluşturatec, inimă zburdalnică
Avoir le coeur à la bouche = a fi emoţionat, foarte mişcat
Avoir le coeur en bouillie = a avea inima frântă, zdrobită
Ne pas avoir le coeur (à faire qqch) = a nu-l trage inima la ceva
Avoir le coeur dans les chaussettes = a avea inima cât un purice
Avoir le coeur à droite (gauche) = a fi de dreapta (stânga)
Ne pas avoir le coeur à la fête = a nu-i arde de ceva
Avoir le coeur sur les lèvres = a fi sincer, deschis
Avoir le coeur sur la main = a-şi da sufletul pentru altul
Avoir du coeur à l’ouvrage = a pune suflet, a munci cu tragere de inimă
Avoir le coeur bien trempé = a fi tare, curajos
N’avoir le coeur à rien = a nu avea chef de nimic, a nu-l trage inima la
nimic
Barbouiller le coeur = a face greaţă
Connaître qqch par coeur = a şti ceva pe de rost, foarte bine
Connaître qqn par coeur = a cunoaşte pe cineva ca pe tine însuţi
Dîner par coeur avec les chevaux de bois = a sări peste o masă
Donner du coeur à l’ouvrage = a pune suflet în ceea ce face
Se donner du coeur = a-şi face curaj
S’en donner à coeur joie = a se bucura din toată inima
Faire qqch à coeur perdu = a face ceva cu tot sufletul, din toată inima
Fendre le coeur = a sfâşia inima cuiva
Fermer son coeur à la pitié = a avea inimă de piatră, a nu se lăsa înduioşat
Mettre son coeur à nu = a-şi deschide sufletul
Mettre du coeur au ventre à qqn = a da cuiva curaj, energie
Mettre tout son coeur dans ses paroles = a vorbi cu foc
Parler à coeur ouvert = a vorbi deschis
Parler à coeur perdu = a simţi nevoia să vorbească
Ne pas porter qqn dans son coeur = a nu avea pe cineva la inimă
Prendre qqch à coeur = a-i sta ceva pe inimă
Sourire la bouche en coeur = a zâmbi fericit
Soulever le coeur = a-i fi greaţă

64
 ANNEXE III

ROMANIAN EXPRESSIONS WITH “INIMĂ ”

A avea foc la inimă = a dori foarte mult

A avea (a-i fi) inima neagră = a fi foarte trist
A avea la inimă = a simpatiza
A băga inimă în cineva = a îmbărbăta pe cineva
A cădea cu inima = a dispera
A-i cădea (cu) tronc la inimă = a simţi, fulgerător, simpatie, dragoste
(pentru cineva)
A coace la inimă pe cineva = a dori răul cuiva
Cu mâna pe inimă = cu conştiinţa curată, deschis, sincer
După pofta inimii = pe gustul, pe placul cuiva
A-şi face inimă rea = a se mâhni, a se întrista, a se supăra foarte tare, a se
enerva
A-i face inimă bună (cuiva) = a mângâia cu vorba (pe cineva), a consola, a
îmbărbăta
A fi cu/a i se face inima cât un purice = a fi foarte speriat
Inimă albastră = suflet trist, melancolie, întristare, jale
A-i intra un cui/cuţit în inimă = a-l trece un fior rece
A lua cu căuşul de la inimă = a alina durerile, necazurile (cuiva)
Mă întoarnă inima = simt nevoia să...
A-şi pune mâna pe inimă = a se angaja să spună adevărul
A pune venin la inimă cuiva = a supăra, a enerva pe cineva
A-şi răcori inima = a-şi descărca sufletul, a-şi vărsa amarul
A i se răci inima = a se înspăimânta
A răzbuna la inimă pe cineva = a se îmbuna, a se înveseli
A-l râma în inimă = a îmboldi, a da ghes
A roade la inimă =a frământa, a chinui, a obseda
A-şi rupe din inimă = a da cu foarte mare greutate ceva cuiva; a da de
nevoie, a fi foarte zgârcit
A seca la inimă = a provoca o durere, o mare supărare, a mistui, a consuma
A se sfârşi de la inimă = a-i veni rău, a leşina
Tragere de inimă = zel, râvnă, ardoare, dragoste, atracţie, îndemn lăuntric
(spre ceva sau cineva)
A-i trece de pe inimă = a se răzbuna

65
 III. TERMINOLOGICAL INDEX

ENGLISH

1. anterior cardiac veins…………………………………………………..10

2. aorta…………………………………………………………………….11
3. aortic valve……………………………………………………………..12
4. arterial ligament………………………………………………………...13
5. atrioventricular canal…………………………………………………...14
6. atrioventricular node…………………………………………………...15
7. atrium…………………………………………………………………..16
8. azygos vein……………………………………………………………..17
9. brachiocephalic trunk…………………………………………………..18
10. cardiac veins……………………………………………………………19
11. common carotid artery…………………………………………………20
12. coronary sinus………………………………………………………….21
13. coronary sulcus…………………………………………………………22
14. diastole…………………………………………………………………23
15. endocardium……………………………………………………………24
16. great cardiac vein……………………………………………………….25
17. heart…………………………………………………………………….26
18. hepatic veins……………………………………………………………27
19. inferior vena cava………………………………………………………28
20. interventricular septum…………………………………………………29
21. left atrioventricular orifice……………………………………………...30
22. left atrioventricular valve………………………………………………31
23. left atrium………………………………………………………………32
24. left auricle………………………………………………………………33
25. left coronary artery..……………………………………………………34
26. left inferior pulmonary vein……………………………………………35
27. left pulmonary artery…………………………………………………..36
28. left superior pulmonary vein…………………………………………...37
29. left ventricle…………………………………………………………….38
30. middle cardiac vein…………………………………………………….39
31. myocardium…………………………………………………………….40
32. oval fossa……………………………………………………………….41
33. papillary muscles……………………………………………………….42
34. pericardium……………………………………………………………..43

66
35. pulmonary artery………………………………………………………44
36. right atrioventricular orifice……………………………………………45
37. right atrioventricular valve……………………………………………..46
38. right atrium……………………………………………………………..47
39. right auricle…………………………………………………………….48
40. right coronary artery……………………………………………………49
41. right inferior pulmonary vein…………………………………………..50
42. right pulmonary artery………………………………………………….51
43. right superior pulmonary vein………………………………………….52
44. right ventricle…………………………………………………………..53
45. sigmoid valve…………………………………………………………..54
46. sinoatrial node………………………………………………………….55
47. small cardiac vein………………………………………………………56
48. subclavian artery……………………………………………………….57
49. superior vena cava……………………………………………………...58
50. systole…………………………………………………………………..59
51. valve of coronary sinus………………………………………………...60
52. valve of pulmonary trunk………………………………........................61
53. ventricle...................................................................................................62

67
 FRENCH

1. aorte.........................................................................................................11
2. artère carotide primitive..........................................................................19
3. artère coronaire droite.............................................................................49
4. artère coronaire gauche...........................................................................33
5. artère pulmonaire.....................................................................................44
6. artère pulmonaire droite..........................................................................51
7. artére pulmonaire gauche........................................................................35
8. artère sous-clavière..................................................................................57
9. auricule droite.........................................................................................48
10. auricule gauche........................................................................................32
11. canal auriculoventriculaire......................................................................13
12. coeur........................................................................................................25
13. diastole....................................................................................................22
14. endocarde................................................................................................23
15. fosse ovale...............................................................................................41
16. grande veine cardiaque............................................................................24
17. ligament artériel.......................................................................................38
18. muscles papillaires..................................................................................42
19. myocarde.................................................................................................40
20. nodule auriculoventriculaire....................................................................14
21. nodule sino-auriculaire............................................................................55
22. oreillette...................................................................................................15
23. oreillette droite........................................................................................47
24. oreillette gauche......................................................................................31
25. orifice auriculoventriculaire droit...........................................................45
26. orifice auriculoventriculaire gauche........................................................29
27. péricarde..................................................................................................43
28. petite veine cardiaque.............................................................................56
29. septum interventriculaire.........................................................................28
30. sinus coronaire.........................................................................................20
31. sulcus coronaire.......................................................................................21
32. systole......................................................................................................59
33. tronc brachio-céphalique.........................................................................17
34. valvule aortique.......................................................................................12
35. valvule atrioventriculaire droite..............................................................46
36. valvule atrioventriculaire gauche............................................................30
37. valvule du sinus coronaire.......................................................................60
38. valvule du tronc pulmonaire....................................................................61

68
39. valvule sigmoïde.....................................................................................54
40. veine cardiaque moyenne........................................................................39
41. veine cave inférieure...............................................................................27
42. veine cave supérieure..............................................................................58
43. veine pulmonaire inférieure droite..........................................................50
44. veine pulmonaire inférieure gauche........................................................34
45. veine pulmonaire supérieure droite.........................................................52
46. veine pulmonaire supérieure gauche.......................................................36
47. veines azygos...........................................................................................16
48. veines cardiaques.....................................................................................18
49. veines cardiaques antérieures..................................................................10
50. veines sus-hépatiques..............................................................................26
51. ventricule.................................................................................................62
52. ventricule droit........................................................................................53
53. ventricule gauche.....................................................................................37

69
 ROMANIAN

1. aortă.........................................................................................................11
2. arteră carotidă primitivă (comună)..........................................................19
3. arteră coronară dreaptă............................................................................49
4. arteră coronară stângă..............................................................................33
5. arteră pulmonară......................................................................................44
6. arteră pulmonară dreaptă.........................................................................51
7. arteră pulmonară
stângă...........................................................................35
8. arteră subclaviculară................................................................................57
9. atriu..........................................................................................................15
10. atriu drept................................................................................................47
11. atriu stâng................................................................................................31
12. auricul drept.............................................................................................48
13. auricul stâng............................................................................................32
14. canal atrioventricular...............................................................................13
15. diastolă....................................................................................................22
16. endocard..................................................................................................23
17. fosă ovală.................................................................................................41
18. inimă........................................................................................................25
19. ligament arterial.......................................................................................38
20. miocard....................................................................................................40
21. muşchi papilari........................................................................................42
22. nodul atrioventricular..............................................................................14
23. nodul sinoatrial........................................................................................55
24. orificiu atrioventricular drept..................................................................45
25. orificiu atrioventricular stâng..................................................................29
26. pericard....................................................................................................43
27. sept interventricular.................................................................................28
28. sinus coronar...........................................................................................20
29. sistolă.......................................................................................................59
30. sulcus coronar…………………………………………………………..21
31. trunchi brahiocefalic................................................................................17
32. valvă aortică............................................................................................12
33. valvulă atrioventriculară dreaptă.............................................................46
34. valvulă atrioventriculară
stângă...............................................................30
35. valvula sinusului coronar........................................................................60
36. valvula trunchiului pulmonar..................................................................61

70
37. valvulă sigmoidă.....................................................................................54
38. vene azigos..............................................................................................16
39. venă cardiacă mare..................................................................................24
40. venă cardiacă mică……………………………………………..............56
41. venă cardiacă mijlocie………………………………………………….39
42. venă cavă inferioară…………………………………………………….27
43. venă cavă superioară...............................................................................58
44. venă pulmonară inferioară dreaptă……………………………………..50
45. venă pulmonară inferioară stângă………………………………………34
46. venă pulmonară superioară dreaptă…………………………………….52
47. venă pulmonară superioară stângă……………………………………..36
48. vene cardiace…………………………………………………………..18
49. vene cardiace anterioare………………………………………………..10
50. vene hepatice…………………………………………………………...26
51. ventricul………………………………………......................................62
52. ventricul drept………………………………………………………….53
53. ventricul stâng……………………………………………………….....37

71
PICTURE I

72
PICTURE II

73
 IV. CONCLUSIONS

What kind of conclusion is to be drawn from this brief study of medical

languages?First of all medical translation in general, requires, more than a
sound knowledge of both languages and the use of specialised dictionaries.
Experienced translators know that dictionaries always lag behind and often
fail to solve the immediate problem, especially in the field of medicine,
where progress develops at a high pace. Hence, the translator has to be his or
her own lexicographer and this implies constant and intensive reading of the
medical literature.
Ideally, to keep up with their language, today’s translators must read on
a continuos basis – literature, newspapers and magazines – but must also
listen to the radio, watch TV, navigate on the Internet, and frequently visit
the foreign country whose language they use. As far as publicity is
concerned, the aspiring translator must learn to respect the differing
deontological ethics that prevail in various countries.
Despite the above mentioned difficulties, it seems that with the
incredibly rapid advances in medical science and the increasing ease with
such information can be accessed, medical translation has become more than
specialized translation: it has become an interdisciplinary science.

74
 V. BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Constantin Ionela-Isabela, Lucrare de Licenţă, Craiova, 2005

2. Flammarion, Dictionnaire de Médicine Flammarion, Paris, 1988

3. Larousse, Dictionnaire Médical Illustré, Librairie Larousse, 1952

4. Longman, Dictionary of Contemporary English, Barcelona, 2000

5. Mănuilă; Niculin, Dicţionar medical, Editura CERES, Bucureşti,

1998

6. Negreanu Aristiţa, Dicţionar de expresii francez-român, Bucureşti,

Univers, 1996

7. Susai Marinela, Lucrare de Licenţă, Craiova, 2005

8. XXX, Dicţionar de expresii şi locuţiuni româneşti,Iaşi, MYDO

CENTER, 1997

9. XXX, Dicţionar medical, vol. I, II, Editura medicală, Bucureşti, 1970

10.XXX, Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, W. B. Saunders

Company, U.S.A., 1974

75