Structural Analysis 2

Chapter 1: Determinate Structures

a. Deflection of Beams by Double

Integration Method
b. Deflection of Beams by Moment – Area
Method
c. Deflection of Beams by Conjugate Beam
Method (April 13)
d. Deflection of Beams by Three – Moment
Equation Method (April 17 - 18)
e. Deflection of Beams by Virtual Work
Method (April 19 - 20)
f. Deflection of Beams by Castigliano’s
Second Theorem (April 24 - 25)
g. Deflection of Trusses by Virtual Work
Method (April 26 - 27)
h. Relative Movement Between Joints of
Trusses by Virtual Work Method (May
2)
i. Deflection of Frames by Virtual Work
Method (May 3-4)

Chapter 2: Indeterminate Structures

a. Indeterminate Beams by Method of

Consistent Deformations (May 8 - 9)
b. Indeterminate Beams by Three –
Moment Equation Method (May 10 -
11)
c. Indeterminate Beams by Slope –
Deflection Equation (May 15)
d. Indeterminate Beams by Moment
Distribution Method (May 16 - 17)
e. Indeterminate Frames without Side-sway
by Moment Distribution Method (May
18)
f. Externally Indeterminate Trusses by
Method of Consistent Deformation
(May 22)
g. Internally Indeterminate Trusses by
Method of Consistent Deformations
(May 23) Subject Course Requirements:

70% - Quiz + Major Examination (Prelim,

Midterm, Final)

30% - Assignments/Seatworks/Plates/Project
Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso
Chapter 1: Determinate
Structures
Deflection of Beams by Double Integration
The double integration method is a powerful tool in solving
deflection and slope of a beam at any point because we will
be able to get the equation of the elastic curve.
In calculus, the radius of curvature of a curve y = f(x) is given
by
In the derivation of flexure formula, the radius of curvature
of a beam is given as
Deflection of beams is so small, such that the slope of the
elastic curve dy/dx is very small, and squaring this
expression the value becomes practically negligible, hence
Thus, EI / M = 1 / y''
If EI is constant, the equation may be written as:
𝑬𝑰 𝒚′′ = 𝑴
where x and y are the coordinates shown in the figure of the
elastic curve of the beam under load, y is the deflection of
the beam at any distance x. E is the modulus of elasticity of
the beam, I represent the moment of inertia about the
neutral axis, and M represents the bending moment at a
distance x from the end of the beam. The product EI is called
the flexural rigidity of the beam.
The first integration y' yields the slope of the elastic curve
and the second integration y gives the deflection of the
beam at any distance x.
The resulting solution must contain two constants of
integration since EI y" = M is of second order. These two
constants must be evaluated from known conditions
concerning the slope deflection at certain points of the
beam.
For instance, in the case of a simply supported beam with
rigid supports, at x = 0 and x = L, the deflection y = 0, and in
locating the point of maximum deflection, we simply set the
slope of the elastic curve y' to zero.
Procedure for analysis
The following procedure provides a method for
determining the slope and deflection of a beam (or shaft)
using the method of double integration. It should be
realized that this method is suitable only for elastic
deflections for which the beam’s slope is very small.
Furthermore, the method considers only deflections due to
bending. Additional deflection due to shear generally
represents only a few percent of the bending deflection, and
so it is usually neglected in engineering practice.
Elastic Curve
a. Draw an exaggerated view of the beam’s elastic curve.
Recall that points of zero slope and zero displacement
occur at a fixed support, and zero displacement occurs
at pin and roller supports.
b. Establish the x and y coordinate axes. The x axis must
be parallel to the un-deflected beam and its origin at
the left side of the beam, with a positive direction to
the right.
c. If several discontinuous loads are present, establish x
coordinates that are valid for each region of the beam
between the discontinuities.
d. In all cases, the associated positive y axis should be
directed upward.
Load or Moment Function
a. For each region in which there is an x coordinate,
express the internal moment M as a function of x.
b. Always assume that M acts in the positive direction
when applying the equation of moment equilibrium to
determine M = f(x).
Slope and Elastic Curve
a. Provided EI is constant, apply the moment equation EI
y”=M which requires two integrations. For each
integration it is important to include a constant of
integration. The constants are determined using the
boundary conditions for the supports and the
continuity conditions that apply to slope and
displacement at points where two functions meet.
b. Once the integration constants are determined and
substituted back into the slope and deflection
equations, the slope and displacement at specific
points on the elastic curve can be determined. The
numerical values obtained can be checked graphically
by comparing them with the sketch of the elastic curve.
c. Positive values for slope are counter-clockwise and
positive displacement is upward.
Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso
Sample Problems: Seatwork no. 1

1. Determine the maximum deflection δ in a simply 5. As shown in Fig. P-609, a simply supported beam
supported beam of length L carrying a concentrated carries two symmetrically placed concentrated loads.
load P at midspan. Compute the maximum deflection δ.

2. Determine the maximum deflection δ in a simply

supported beam of length L carrying a uniformly 6. The simply supported beam shown in Fig. P-610 carries
distributed load of intensity wo applied over its entire a uniform load of intensity wo symmetrically
length. distributed over part of its length. Determine the
maximum deflection δ.
3. Determine the maximum value of EIy for the cantilever
beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-607. Take the origin at
the wall.

7. Compute the value of EI δ at midspan for the beam

4. Find the equation of the elastic curve for the cantilever loaded as shown in Fig. P-611. If E = 10 GPa, what value
beam shown in Fig. P-608; it carries a load that varies of I is required to limit the midspan deflection to 1/360
from zero at the wall to wo at the free end. Take the of the span?
origin at the wall.

8. Compute the midspan value of EI δ for the beam loaded

as shown in Fig. P-612.

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso

Homework no.1

9. If E = 29 × 106 psi, what value of I is required to limit

the midspan deflection to 1/360 of the span for the
beam in Fig. P-613?

15. Determine the value of EIy midway between the

supports for the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-619.

10. For the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-614, calculate

the slope of the elastic curve over the right support.

16. Find the midspan deflection δ for the beam shown in

Fig. P-620, carrying two triangularly distributed loads.
(Hint: For convenience, select the origin of the axes at
11. Compute the value of EI y at the right end of the the midspan position of the elastic curve.)
overhanging beam shown in Fig. P-615.

17. Determine the value of EI δ midway between the

supports for the beam shown in Fig. P-621.
12. For the beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-616, determine
(a) the deflection and slope under the load P and (b) the
maximum deflection between the supports.

13. Replace the load P in Prob. 616 by a clockwise couple M

applied at the right end and determine the slope and
deflection at the right end.

14. A simply supported beam carries a couple M applied as

shown in Fig. P-618. Determine the equation of the
elastic curve and the deflection at the point of
application of the couple.

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso

Plate no. 1 – Deflection of Beams by Double Integration
Method
18. (a) The bar is supported by a roller constraint at B,
which allows vertical displacement but resists axial
load and moment. If the bar is subjected to the loading
shown, determine the slope at A and the deflection at C.
EI is constant.
(b) Determine the deflection at B of the bar.
22. (a) Determine the equations of the elastic curve using
the coordinates x1 and x2 , and specify the slope at C and
displacement at B. EI is constant.
(b) Determine the equations of the elastic curve using
the coordinates x1 and x3 , and specify the slope at B and
deflection at C. EI is constant.

19. (a) Determine the equations of the elastic curve using

the coordinates x1 and x2, specify the slope and
deflection at B. EI is constant.
(b) Determine the equations of the elastic curve using
the coordinates x1 and x3, and specify the slope and
deflection at point B. EI is constant.

20. Determine the maximum deflection between the

supports A and B. EI is constant. Use the method of
integration.

21. Determine the elastic curve for the simply supported

beam using the x coordinate Also, determine the slope
at A and the maximum deflection of the beam. EI is
constant.

Prepared by: Engr. Chrysler G. Duaso