Express Prohibition for aliens to own lands of public domain:

Under Section 1 of Article XIII of the Constitution, "natural resources, with the
exception of public agricultural land, shall not be alienated," and with respect to public
agricultural lands, their alienation is limited to Filipino citizens.

Prohibition has been extended to the ownership of private land aliens to own lands
of public domain:
Section 7. Save in cases of hereditary succession, no private lands shall be transferred
or conveyed except to individuals, corporations, or associations qualified to acquire or
hold lands of the public domain.
See:
Muller vs Muller (G.R. No. 149615, August 29, 2006)
Krivenko vs Register of Deeds (79 Phil. 461 (1947)

Section 7 of the same Article allows foreign citizens to own land by way of legal
inheritance.
Note that Section 7 speaks of hereditary succession. In legal speak, this means that a
foreigner can acquire land through intestate inheritance, i.e. the default laws
on inheritance which are not transfers of ownership by way of a last will and testament.
The Supreme Court has ruled that a transfer of ownership to a foreigner by way of last
will and testament would be unconstitutional.
We are of the opinion that the Constitutional provision which enables aliens
to acquire private lands does not extend to testamentary succession for
otherwise the prohibition will be for naught and meaningless. Any alien
would be able to circumvent the prohibition by paying money to a Philippine
landowner in exchange for a devise of a piece of land.
See: Ramirez vs. Vda. de Ramirez (G.R. No. L-27952, February 15, 1982)
This means that Section 7, Article XII of the Constitution should be read in relation with the
Philippine Civil Code’s provisions on intestate inheritance.
Specifically, Articles 995, 997 and 1001 of the Civil Code. I’ll give you the entire
subsection on a surviving spouse:

Subsection 4. – Surviving Spouse

Art. 995. In the absence of legitimate descendants and ascendants, and
illegitimate children and their descendants, whether legitimate or
illegitimate, the surviving spouse shall inherit the entire estate, without
prejudice to the rights of brothers and sisters, nephews and nieces, should
there be any, under article 1001. (946a)
Art. 996. If a widow or widower and legitimate children or descendants are
left, the surviving spouse has in the succession the same share as that of
each of the children. (834a)
 Art. 997. When the widow or widower survives with legitimate parents or
ascendants, the surviving spouse shall be entitled to one-half of the estate,
and the legitimate parents or ascendants to the other half. (836a)
Art. 998. If a widow or widower survives with illegitimate children, such
widow or widower shall be entitled to one-half of the inheritance, and the
illegitimate children or their descendants, whether legitimate or illegitimate,
to the other half. (n)
Art. 999. When the widow or widower survives with legitimate children or
their descendants and illegitimate children or their descendants, whether
legitimate or illegitimate, such widow or widower shall be entitled to the
same share as that of a legitimate child. (n)
Art. 1000. If legitimate ascendants, the surviving spouse, and illegitimate
children are left, the ascendants shall be entitled to one-half of the
inheritance, and the other half shall be divided between the surviving
spouse and the illegitimate children so that such widow or widower shall
have one-fourth of the estate, and the illegitimate children the other fourth.
(841a)
Art. 1001. Should brothers and sisters or their children survive with the
widow or widower, the latter shall be entitled to one-half of the inheritance
and the brothers and sisters or their children to the other half. (953, 837a)
Art. 1002. In case of a legal separation, if the surviving spouse gave cause
for the separation, he or she shall not have any of the rights granted in the
preceding articles. (n)
These articles should be read in relation to Article 985 of the same
Code.
Article 985. In default of legitimate children and descendants of the
deceased, his parents and ascendants shall inherit from him, to the
exclusion of collateral relatives. (935a)

Note: The constitutional prohibition only applies to land, not improvements over
land:
See: Beumer vs Amores (GR 195670, December 3, 2012).