LTE resource scheduling (7) - DRX discontinuous reception (1) - IT reading Page 1 of 9

LTE resource scheduling (7)-DRX discontinuous

reception (1)
Category: IT Technology (http://www.itread01.com/list/IT%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93/1/) Time: 2016-10-18

1. Why use DRX?

Before explaining the concept of DRX, we need to understand what is "idle

state" and what is "connected state".

We often hear terms such as "idle state" and "connected state". This concept
is from the perspective of the RRC layer. In brief, after the UE has completed
camping in a certain cell, we can call the UE to enter the "idle state" or
"IDLE state". If the UE subsequently completes the random access procedure,
then we can call the UE to enter the "connected state" or "CONNECTED
state".

Regardless of the idle state or the connected state, if there is no DRX

mechanism mentioned in this paper, the UE will always listen to the downlink
PDCCH subframe to check whether there is information from the serving cell.
This does not seem to be a problem. However, in many cases, the UE does
not always interact with the network for effective information. It does not
always perform uploading or downloading services, and there is no voice data
related articles
transmission during the call. Most of the time, there is no data interaction
between the UE and the network. If the UE continues to monitor the PDCCH • Module and application
(http://www.itread01.com/articles/14767602
subframe at this time, it is obviously very power-consuming. Therefore, under
• String common operations
the premise of ensuring the effective transmission of data, it is necessary to (http://www.itread01.com/articles/14767602
design a kind of saving of UE power.
• List syntax and use
(http://www.itread01.com/articles/14767602
ADVERTISEMENT
• Python development rules
(http://www.itread01.com/articles/14767605

• For loop statement example

application
(http://www.itread01.com/articles/14767605

• Mobile web development

Try G Suite free (http://www.itread01.com/articles/14767605

• Function naming in Swift3

for 14 days. (http://www.itread01.com/articles/14767605

• Android data parsing: XML

(http://www.itread01.com/articles/14767605

• TB level data processing every day,

Ctrip big data high concurrent
The mechanism, this mechanism we call DRX.
application architecture Nirvana
(http://www.itread01.com/articles/14767605
2. What is DRX? • JNI is basically configured and used
in Android Studio 2.2
DRX, the full name of Discontinuous Reception in English , is discontinuous (http://www.itread01.com/articles/14767606

reception. This method allows the UE to periodically enter the sleep mode
( sleep mode ) without listening to the PDCCH subframe, but when listening, Ad

it is from sleep. Wake up in the state , so that the UE can achieve power
saving purposes . Although this has a certain impact on the delay of data
transmission, if this delay does not affect the user experience, it is meaningful
to implement DRX in consideration of the more important power consumption
of the UE.

The implementation of the DRX mechanism in the idle state and the
connected state is different. Relatively speaking, the DRX mechanism in the
connected state is much more complicated. This blog post specifically
introduces the DRX mechanism (Connected DRX, CDRX ) in the connected

file:///C:/Users/nmoorthi/Desktop/Root/Office/Docs/16.0/cDRX/LTE%20resource%2... 01-08-2018
LTE resource scheduling (7) - DRX discontinuous reception (1) - IT reading Page 2 of 9

state, and the DRX mechanism in the idle state, that is, the paging
mechanism, will be introduced in the next blog post. The DRX described below
specifically refers to the DRX used when the UE is in the connected state.

ADVERTISEMENT

A typical DRX cycle is shown in Figure 1. In this figure, the period of time "
On Duration " is the time when the UE monitors the downlink PDCCH
subframe, during which the UE is in the awake state. The period of the
identifier " Opportunity for DRX" is the DRX sleep time, that is, the time that
the UE enters sleep without monitoring the PDCCH subframe in order to save
power. It can be seen from this figure that the longer the time for DRX
sleep, the lower the power consumption of the UE, but correspondingly, the
delay of service transmission will also increase.

(figure 1)

3. Why use drx-InactivityTimer

Let us consider such a scenario: Subframe 0 is the last sub-frame of wake-up

time On_Duration. At this time, the data on the side of the network just
needs to be sent to the UE. The data cannot be sent in the sub-frame 0 . .
If the DRX cycle of Figure 1 above is followed, then the UE will enter the
DRX sleep state in subframe 1 and will no longer receive any downlink
PDSCH data from the network side. The network side can only wait until the
end of the DRX cycle, and continue to send data that has not been
transmitted to the UE when the next On_Duration time arrives. Although this
processing mechanism is not wrong, it obviously increases the processing delay
of the entire service. In order to avoid this situation, the drx-Inactivity timer
has been added to the DRX mechanism, as shown in Figure 2.

ADVERTISEMENT

Protect Your Family Now

Cover Spouse In The Same Policy.
96.4% Claim Settlement Ratio.
Get Your Quote!

(figure 2)

file:///C:/Users/nmoorthi/Desktop/Root/Office/Docs/16.0/cDRX/LTE%20resource%2... 01-08-2018
LTE resource scheduling (7) - DRX discontinuous reception (1) - IT reading Page 3 of 9

If the drx-inactivity timer is running, the UE still needs to continue to listen

to the downlink PDCCH subframe until the DRX Inactivity timer expires even if
the originally configured On_Duration time has expired . After the addition of
the DRX-Inactivity mechanism, it will obviously reduce the processing delay of
the data, but this will introduce another problem described below.

4. Increase the meaning of the DRX command control unit

Figure 2 above shows that the role of the DRX-Inactivity timer is to reduce
the processing delay of the data. However, if the duration of the DRX-
Inactivity timer is set too long, the timer does not exceed the time after the
data on the network side is sent. At the same time, the UE has to continue
to listen to the downlink subframe and cannot enter the sleep state in time.
In order to let the UE go to sleep as quickly as possible, the system
introduced a DRX command related to DRX , sometimes called Go-To-Sleep CE.

ADVERTISEMENT

Download PDF (Free)

Download PDF (Free)

To View PDF, Download Here

free.propdfconverter.… 開啟

When the network side detects that no downlink data is available, it can send
a MAC PDU to the UE, and the PDU carries a DRX command control unit.
After the UE receives the DRX control unit, whether it is currently in the
On_Duration state or the Inactivity timer is running, it will immediately enter
the sleep state, as shown in Figure 3.

(image 3)

Each MAC control unit corresponds to a subheader, and in general, the

control unit occupies a certain number of bytes, for example, the short BSR
control unit occupies 1 byte, plus 1 byte of the subheader. A total of 2
bytes are occupied; for example, the long BSR control unit occupies 3 bytes,
plus 1 byte of the subhead, occupying 4 bytes in total. However, the DRX
Command control unit is special, and the number of bytes occupied by it is
0 , that is, only one byte of the sub-header needs to be sent, and there is
no need to reserve space for the control unit. The LCID in this subheader
needs to be set to 0x1E, as shown in Figure 4.

(Figure 4)

5. Long period and short period

As already mentioned in Figure 1 above, one DRX cycle is equal to the sum
of the UE wake-up time (ON-duration) and sleep time. In the LTE, the system
according to different business scenarios, the UE are arranged short cycle
( Short the DRX Cycle ) or long cycle ( Long the DRX Cycle ). For example,
when performing VOIP service, the voice codec usually sends a VOIP packet in
20ms, then a DRX short period of 20ms length can be configured, and during

file:///C:/Users/nmoorthi/Desktop/Root/Office/Docs/16.0/cDRX/LTE%20resource%2... 01-08-2018
LTE resource scheduling (7) - DRX discontinuous reception (1) - IT reading Page 4 of 9

a long silent period during a voice call, the DRX long period can be
configured. If both the short period and the long period are configured, and
the downlink PDCCH is not detected in the drxShortCycleTimer subframes , the
UE will enter a long period sleep, as shown in FIG. 5 below.

(Figure 5)

In Figure 5, we can also find a drxStartOffset parameter, the meaning of this

parameter is from which subframe the DRX cycle starts, for example, the
period is 10 subframes, then the range of drxStartOffset is 0-9; and if the
period is 20 Subframes, then the range of drxStartOffset is 0 to 19, which is
similar to measuring the gapOffset in GAP.

6. Parameter configuration

I have already introduced many parameters related to DRX, including

on_duration duration, drx-Inactivity timer, long and short period,
drxShortCycleTimer, drxStartOffset, etc. Some students may not wait to know
how to get these parameters and the scope of these parameters. Like this,
let's talk about this.

Similarly, these parameters are still configured by RRC, specifically in the MAC-
MainConfig of the RadioResourceConfigDedicated cell of the message
RRCConnectionSetup or RRCConnectionReconfiguration or
RRCConnectionReestablishment , as shown in FIG. 6.

file:///C:/Users/nmoorthi/Desktop/Root/Office/Docs/16.0/cDRX/LTE%20resource%2... 01-08-2018
LTE resource scheduling (7) - DRX discontinuous reception (1) - IT reading Page 5 of 9

(Figure 6)

onDurationTimer : This parameter indicates the online duration after the UE

wakes up in a DRX cycle. The PDCCH subframe number is used as a basic
unit. For example, psf6 indicates that the duration of the UE online monitoring
is 6 PDCCH subframes.

drx-InactivityTimer : This parameter indicates how many PDCCH subframes need

to be continuously monitored after the UE successfully decodes to a downlink
PDCCH. Similarly, the number of PDCCH subframes is used as a basic unit.
For example, psf80 indicates that the UE needs to continue to monitor 80
downlink PDCCH subframes before entering the sleep state.

drx-RetransmissionTimer : This parameter is used in the scenario of downlink

retransmission and indicates the maximum number of PDCCH subframes that
the UE needs to continuously monitor in order to receive the desired downlink
retransmission data . Similarly, the number of PDCCH subframes is used as a
basic unit. For example, psf8 indicates that the UE needs to continue to wait
for a maximum of eight downlink PDCCH subframes in order to receive
downlink retransmission data. Since the downlink retransmission is adaptive, the
time is not determined. If the UE finds that the eNB needs to perform a
retransmission, it needs to wait for a period of time, and this time is
controlled by this parameter. During the period in which the timer runs, the
UE also needs to blindly detect the PDCCH channel.

longDRX-CycleStartOffset : This parameter can represent both the longDRX-

Cycle and drxStartOffset meanings in subframes. For example, long-term
selection sf1280, offset selection 0. However, it should be noted that if the
short-term (ShortDrx-Cycle) parameter is also configured on the network
side, the long period must be configured as an integer multiple of the
short period . For example, if the short-cycle configuration is sf64 (64
subframes), then sf80 cannot be configured for long periods, because 80
cannot divide 64.

file:///C:/Users/nmoorthi/Desktop/Root/Office/Docs/16.0/cDRX/LTE%20resource%2... 01-08-2018
LTE resource scheduling (7) - DRX discontinuous reception (1) - IT reading Page 6 of 9

shortDRX-Cycle : This parameter indicates the short period duration used by

DRX, in units of subframes, and sf5 indicates that the short period duration
(including on-duration time) is 5 subframes.

drxShortCycleTimer : This parameter indicates how many subframes continue to

enter the long period without receiving the PDCCH in the short period. If the
value is 2, it means that the persistent (2× shortDRX-Cycle ) subframes enter
the long period without successfully decoding to the PDCCH.

That is to say, the parameters related to the timer are all in units of PDCCH
subframes, and the periods related to the period are all in units of
subframes .

A typical long-term cycle DRX process is shown in Figure 7. The specific

process is: the UE successfully decodes to a PDCCH subframe at time (0, 0),
so the drx-inactivity timer (the length of 3 subframes) is enabled; when the
time (0, 5) is met, the short cycle is satisfied. Time condition (this condition
will be introduced later, which is recorded as condition 1 ), the UE is woken
up into on-duration (for 2 subframes); the short period is entered multiple
times at times (1, 0) and (1, 5); At (2,0), (drxShortCycleTimer×shortDrxCycle)=15
subframes are not successfully decoded into the PDCCH subframe, and the
long-cycle entry condition is satisfied ( hereafter referred to as condition 2 ,
which is described later), the UE enters In the long DRX cycle, the time (2,
9) ends the long period; the UE receives the PDCCH subframe at (3, 0), so
the drx-inactivity timer is restarted.

(Figure 7)

Specifically, the conditions for entering the long and short DRX cycle are
determined. For condition 1 entering the short period, the frame number SFN
and the subframe number subframeNumber need to satisfy:

[(SFN *10) + subframeNumber] modulo ( shortDRX-Cycle ) = ( drxStartOffset )

modulo ( shortDRX-Cycle ) (Condition 1)

Referring to the example of FIG. 7, shortDrx-Cycle=5, drxStartOffset=0, so the

times (0, 5), (1 , 0) , (1, 5) satisfy the condition 1. For condition 2 entering
the long period, the frame number SFN and the subframe number
subframeNumber need to satisfy:

[(SFN * 10) + subframeNumber] modulo ( longDRX-Cycle ) = drxStartOffset

(condition 2)

Referring to the example of FIG. 7, longDrx-Cycle=10, drxStartOffset=0, so the

times (1 , 0) , (2, 0), (3, 0) all satisfy the condition 2. We can see that the
time (1,0) satisfies both short- and long-cycle conditions, but why do you
need to perform short-cycle DRX at this time? This place will be explained
below.

7.HARQ RTT Timer

In the DRX mechanism, a timer named " Halton RTT Timer " is also needed .
This timer or this parameter is also related to downlink retransmission. It
means the minimum number of subframes that the UE needs to wait before
receiving the expected downlink retransmission data . The relationship between
the HARQ RTT Timer and the drx-RetransmissionTimer will be mentioned later
when describing the DRX specific process.

file:///C:/Users/nmoorthi/Desktop/Root/Office/Docs/16.0/cDRX/LTE%20resource%2... 01-08-2018
LTE resource scheduling (7) - DRX discontinuous reception (1) - IT reading Page 7 of 9

For FDD-LTE, the value of the HARQ RTT Timer is fixed to be equal to 8
subframes. For TDD-LTE, the value of the HARQ RTT Timer is equal to
( k+4 ) subframes, and k represents the delay of the downlink PDSCH
transmission and its response ACK, and the specific values are as shown in
FIG. 8. For example, if the uplink and downlink subframe configuration 1 is
currently performed and the PDSCH is sent in subframe 9, the eNB will
receive a response in subframe 3, so k=4.

(Figure 8)

8.DRX process flow

As mentioned above, when the UE is in the on-duration period , or the drx-

InactivityTimer is running , or the drx-RetransmissionTimer is running , the UE
needs to continuously monitor the downlink PDCCH channel (ie, the UE is in
the activation time). In addition to these cases, the UE also needs to
continuously monitor the PDCCH channel when one of the following conditions
occurs:

(1) The conflict resolution timer mac-ContentionResolutionTimer is running .

(2) There is an SR to be sent on the PUCCH .

(3) The authorization for uplink HARQ retransmission already exists, and there is data in the corresponding

HARQ buffer .

(4) After the non-contention random access procedure successfully receives the RAR response, it has not
received the PDCCH indicating that there is new data scrambled by the CRNTI . For the non-competitive

access procedure, please refer to the LTE-TDD Random Access Procedure (1) - Purpose and Classification.

The process of DRX needs to consider a lot of scenarios. If it is described in

words, it is not clear. I will show it to you in the form of a flowchart, as
shown in Figure 9 below (because of the screenshot, I try to compress the
space layout as much as possible. ).

(Figure 9)

file:///C:/Users/nmoorthi/Desktop/Root/Office/Docs/16.0/cDRX/LTE%20resource%2... 01-08-2018
LTE resource scheduling (7) - DRX discontinuous reception (1) - IT reading Page 8 of 9

The concept of half-duplex FDD mentioned in Figure 9 above was proposed by

Ericsson in a 3GPP conference in Shenzhen in 2008. The original intention is
to allow UEs to enter FDD half-duplex in the 3.5GHz and less than 860MHz
Band. mode. But as of now, I have not heard of any mobile phone chip
maker supporting LTE half-duplex FDD.

If the eNB is configured with the DRX function, it affects the UE side to
detect the downlink PDCCH subframe, and also affects the SRS/CQI/PMI/RI
transmission on the UE side, specifically:

(1) The UE does not transmit the SRS during the inactive time.

(2) If the upper layer is configured with cqi -Mask, the UE should not send CQI/PMI/RI in the PUCCH when
the onDuration timer is not executing ; otherwise, if the cqi-Mask is not configured, then when the UE is in

the inactive time , CQI/PMI/RI should not be sent in the PUCCH. It can be seen from this that if the LTE-TDD

system is currently in use, the RRC should ensure that at least one uplink subframe is used to transmit the

SRS/CQI/PMI/RI parameters during the onDuration or activation time.

The cqi-Mask parameter is to limit whether the UE sends CQI/PMI/RI only in

the onDuration time of the DRX cycle , and is configured by the RRC
message, specifically in the RadioResourceConfigDedicated ->
PhysicalConfigDedicated -> CQI-ReportConfig field of the
RRCConnectionReconfiguration or RRCConnectionReestablishment or
RRCConnectionSetup message.

In addition, considering the processing delay on the UE side, if the UE

detects a PDCCH subframe identifying the uplink or downlink new transmission
in the last 4 subframes of the activation time, then in the next 4 subframes,
the UE It is not necessary to send CQI/PMI/RI or transmit SRS in PUCCH; if
the UE exits the activation time because it received the Go-To-Sleep control
unit, then the UE can also choose to continue in the next 4 subframes. Send
CQI/PMI/RI or transmit SRS in PUCCH.

It should be noted that regardless of whether the UE is monitoring the

PDCCH subframe, the UE does not affect the UE to send or receive HARQ
feedback .

references:

(1) 3GPP TS 36.321 V9.6.0 (2012-03) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol
specification

(2) 3GPP TS 36.300 V9.10.0 (2012-12) Overall description

(3) 3GPP TS 36.331 V9.18.0 (2014-06) Radio Resource Control (RRC)

(4) http://www.sharetechnote.com

(5)<<4G LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband>>

(6)http://people.cs.nctu.edu.tw/~yctseng/papers.pub/mobile93-drx-ieee-jetcas.pdf

Tags: sleep state periodic sleep English resources

Article Source:

file:///C:/Users/nmoorthi/Desktop/Root/Office/Docs/16.0/cDRX/LTE%20resource%2... 01-08-2018
LTE resource scheduling (7) - DRX discontinuous reception (1) - IT reading Page 9 of 9

related articles

• (http://www.itread01.com/articles/.html) 1970-01-01

• (http://www.itread01.com/articles/.html) 1970-01-01

• FOVE announces the final parameters of the VR helmet! Accepted in November

(http://www.itread01.com/articles/1474771737.html) 2016-09-25

• (http://www.itread01.com/articles/.html) 1970-01-01

• (http://www.itread01.com/articles/.html) 1970-01-01

• (http://www.itread01.com/articles/.html) 1970-01-01

• (http://www.itread01.com/articles/.html) 1970-01-01

• Android Launcher3 modify double-layer desktop as single layer

(http://www.itread01.com/articles/1478427007.html) 2016-11-06

• Android 6.0 needs permission at runtime (http://www.itread01.com/articles/1478419903.html) 2016-11-06

• University online loan "beast": the so-called "low interest" is much more than a credit card
(http://www.itread01.com/articles/1477345508.html) 2016-10-25

• FBI director said "virus video effect" led to a surge in violent crimes
(http://www.itread01.com/articles/1477233615.html) 2016-10-23

• [Translation] Everything I know about the script tag (http://www.itread01.com/articles/1475888409.html)

2016-10-08

• (http://www.itread01.com/articles/.html) 1970-01-01

• (http://www.itread01.com/articles/.html) 1970-01-01

• (http://www.itread01.com/articles/.html) 1970-01-01

ITREAD01 © 2016 (http://www.itread01.com/) contact us (http://www.itread01.com/articles/1476760236.html)

file:///C:/Users/nmoorthi/Desktop/Root/Office/Docs/16.0/cDRX/LTE%20resource%2... 01-08-2018