IN THE FOLLOWING LISTS:

English spelling is used

The feature contrasts reflect Australian English pronunciation
SIWI = syllable initial word initial
SFWF = syllable final word final (explanation)

MINIMAL CONTRASTS
(singletons)

Stops vs Stops vs
Affricates Fricatives vs Fricatives and
SIWI Affricates SWI Affricates SFWF
tear - chair sore - chore rat - rash
tease - cheese sum - chum out - ouch
tin - chin sip - chip write - rice
top - chop sick - chick cat - catch
talk - chalk sat - chat late - lace
ticks - chicks Sue - chew hut - hush
tiled - child silly - chilly mat - match
tip - chip soak - choke road - rose
tips - chips suck - chuck head - hedge
tore - chore sill - chill hit - hiss
two – chew search – church coat – coach

Voiced vs Affricates SIWI Voiceless Velars

Voiceless jeer cheer vs Alveolars
Alveolar Stops joke choke SIWI:
SIWI /d/vs /t/ jeep cheap /k/ vs /t/
deer tear Jane chain car tar
die tie jaw chore core tore
din tin jump chump cape tape
doll toll jest chest cub tub
door tore gin chin cool tool
doze toes Jess chess cap tap
dent tent key tea
dead Ted 'th' vs /f/ SIWI call tall
dim Tim thin fin corn torn
thaw four
Voiced vs thought fort
Voiceless thread Fred
/l/ vs /j/ SIWI thorn fawn
lawn yawn three free
Lou you thirst first
lap yap
less yes
lucky yucky
luck yuck
 moo move sour hour
car card Fricative
Initial Glottal Contrasts
Voiceled Velars Inclusion: /h/ sort fort short
vs veolars "A" hay sore four shore
SIWI: /g/ vs /d/ "E" he sign fine shine
gaze daze (days) "I" high sell fell shell
gig dig "O" hoe seat feet sheet
go doe (dough) "U" who
game dame eye high Glottal vs Labio-
gust dust air hair dental Fricative
gum dumb old hold SIWI: /h/ vs /f/
gash dash eel heel hat fat
grip drip art heart hit fit
grab drab edge hedge hold fold
groan drone hive five
gate date Initial Fricative hall fall
got dot Inclusion: /f/ horse force
Guy die (dye) arm farm hall fall
guide died eel feel heel feel
in fin hole foal
Final Consonant air fair hairy fairy
Inclusion oar four
tea team ace face Glottal vs Palato-
tie tide eat feet alveolar Fricative
hoe hope ill fill SIWI
play plane oh foe hall shawl
car calf ox fox head shed
pea peep ale fail horn Sean
shoe shoot horn Shawn
low load Init Consonant harp sharp
Inclusion 'sh' hop shop
Final Consonant shower hour hook shook
Inclusion share air high shy
high hide shy eye hut shut
see seat shake ache heap sheep
shoe shoot shape ape hoe show
she sheep shawl all hair share
cow couch shell "L heat sheet
sore sort shout out hip ship
sea seed
say save Initial Consonant Fricatives vs
Inclusion /s/ Glides SIWI
Final Consonant seal eel /v/ vs /w/
Inclusion sell "L" vest west
buy bike seat eat veil whale
sew soap sad add vine wine
ow! out soak oak vet wet
bee beach sold old volley Wally
pie pile saw oar veal wheel
row road soil oil Vic wick
Glottal vs Palato-alveolar Fricatives SIWI
alveolarFricative Fricative suit shoot
SIWI: /h/ vs /s/ vs Affricates sock shock
sauce horse SFWF sore shore
soup hoop mash match sip ship
sold hold dish ditch sack shack
side hide wish witch sour shower
sit hit wash watch seat sheet
sand hand cash catch Sue shoe
suit hoot hush hutch
sole hole crush crutch Alveolar vs
soap hope marsh march Labio-dental
seat heat Fricatives
sip hip Palato-alveolar SIWI: /s/ vs /f/
seal heel Fricative sold fold
vs Affricates SIWI sauce force
Liquids vs Glides shops chops sort fort
SIWI shoes choose six fix
/r/ vs /w/ ships chips sit fit
one run share chair sole foal
wig rig Shane chain cell fell
wing ring shin chin sole foal
wok rock sheep cheep sore four
whale rail shock chock
wake rake Alveolar vs
weed read Nasals vs Palato-alveolar
witch rich Liquids SIWI Fricatives SIWI
wave rave /n/ vs /l/ sign shine
west rest knead lead sew show
nip lip sip ship
Fricatives vs night light saw shore
Glides SIWI name lame sock shock
/f/ vs /w/ knock lock
feel wheel neigh lay /n/ vs 'ng'
fig wig no low SFWF
fight white nine line Ron wrong
fork walk knot lot pin Ping
fall wall nap lap win wing
fish wish thin thing
feel wheel Labio-dental
full wool Fricatives vs /v/ vs /b/ SIWI
fail whale Stops SIWI: vase boss
fade wade /f/ vs /d/ vest best
file dial vat bat
fish dish V B (Vee-Bee)
fan Dan vote boat
four door van ban
five dive vow bow
foam dome very berry
Alveolar vs
Palato-alveolar
MINIMAL CONTRASTS (singletons vs clusters)

/p/ vs /sp/ /w/ vs /sw/ /sk/ vs /st/

pie spy wing swing scoop stoop
peach speech weep sweep school stool
pot spot well swell scout stout
pit spit wheat sweet score store
pin spin witch switch sky sty
pill spill skate state
/s/ vs /sl/ /k/ vs /sk/ skill still
leap sleep key ski scamp stamp
lip slip cat scat
low slow car scar
core score
/s/ vs /sk/ cool school
sails scales
sip skip /n/ vs /sn/
see ski nail snail
sore score knees sneeze
no snow
/s/ vs /st/ nought Snort
sick stick nap snap
sack stack
seal steal /m/ vs /sm/
soup stoop Mog smog
mash smash
/ t/ vs /st/ SIWI mall small
take stake mile smile
talk stork Mac smack
tar star
tack stack /r/ vs /tr/
top stop rash trash
tool stool ray tray
tick stick rim trim
rain train
/t/ vs /st/ SFWF rack track
beat Beast Rick trick
Bert burst
wet west /r/ Clusters
coat coast root fruit
goat ghost rat brat
wait waist red bread
net nest rip drip
pet pest rain train
feet feast row throw
vet vest
MINIMAL CONTRASTS (voicing and "devoicing")

/k/ vs /g/ SIWI Voicing SFWF

cap gap /k/ vs /g/ SFWF peach beach
gate Kate peck peg town down
game came buck bug fan van
gum come pick pig pole bowl
coat goat lock log peas bees
coast ghost back bag buy pie
cot got stack stag bear pear
tack tag sip zip
d/ vs /t/ SFWF pig big
cord court -/p/ vs /b/ SFWF tore door
bird Bert cup cub
wade wait nip nib
wed wet cap cab
bad bat lap lab
pod pot rope robe
feed feet
road wrote
weed wheat
hid hit
ride write
sad at
sword sort
bead beat

CLUSTERS SIWI
/skr/ SIWI
scream screen scratch scrub screw
/str/ SIWI
stream string strawberries strum streetlight street strong straight struggle stretch
strict strain stripes
/kr/ SIWI
crash crawl crutches crab cry crayon crane crack crumb cross crew
crow crowd crown
/gr/ SIWI
green grass greet grapes grouch grow Grover great grin grill
/tr/ SIWI
triangle track trash tractor train treasure trick trumpet tree
trolley truck trap trio tray trim trophy
/dr/ SIWI
dream draw drive drum dragon dress drop drill drip drink
/br/ SIWI
Bradley Bruce Brett Brendan Brian bricks brown bronco branch
bright bread broken broom bride branches break breaking Bryony
Brenda Briane Bronnie Brianna
/sp/ SIWI
speech spill spit space spade spark Spice Girls spot sponge spud
spoon spider Spiderman spine spire spy
/st/ SIWI
steam stick stay stairs steps stag star stop stamp stone stork
stoop sty stir stool
/sm/ SIWI
smell small smart smash smog smudge smoke smile
/sn/ SIWI
snail sneeze snip Sneeches snake snap snooze snow snore snort
VOWELS AND VOWEL CONTRASTS
'er' vs 'or'
bored bird / cord curd / Paul pearl / bought Bert / short shirt /
torn turn /call curl / lawn learn /
walk work / warm worm / fawn fern / born burn / a bored bird / a
warm worm / a short shirt /
a coarse curse/pearl shirt purse purr bird burn burst term turn dirt curve girl
fern fur third thirst search serve sir shirt chirp church nurse
nerd learn worm squirm search hurt earth surf
Vowel Contrasts
cub cab / rush rash / cub cab /rush rash / truck track / bud bad /
cut cat / hut hat / mud mad / bug bag / cup cap / fun fan
Vowel Contrasts
duck - deck / bunch - bench / bug - beg / nut - net / money - many
/ bud - bed

SINGLETON CONSONANTS SIWI

/p/ SIWI
pea peach peel peep pig pick pill Po pink paint paste pay peck peg
pen pest pet pan park poor pool post purr pie pile Piglet Pooh
Percy
/b/ SIWI
bee beach bead bean beat big beak bin bear Barbie Barney Barney
bell 'baby bird's balloon' 'baby bird' bed best back bus boot book
ball bowl bone bore bored Bobo bird bike buy bite Big Bird Babar
but butt
bad bud beard bead bird bed
/t/ SIWI
teach tease team tent tick tin tip tail Ted tell tack tap top tape
toe tie toll talk torch tear tore tall town tight Tinky Winky
Thomas Terence
/d/ SIWI
dig dip dish ditch Dipsy die deck duck doll dark dot desk door
dome dirt dial dice dive
/k/SIWI
key king kiss cage Ken cake Kate case cab calf cow cash cap car
card corn comb come cool cook coach coast coat
/h/ SIWI
he heap 'Rat in a Hat' Henry heat heel hill hip hit hiss hair head
hen hand hat heart hop hot hug hut hoop hush hook hoe hold high
hole hose horse hawk hope horn hide hive Happy
/v/ SIWI
vase vest vet van vat vote voice vine Vegemite 'Vera Violet Vinn'
/s/ SIWI
seal sit seat sock seed sum sick sun sing suit sail sew same soap
sell soak sack sold sad salt sip sauce sink saw sea sort sword
side Sam-I-Am Celeste
/z/ SIWI
zip zoo zoom Zac zed zebra
'sh' SIWI
she sheep sheet shin ship shake shape shave shed shell shack shut
sharp shock shop shoot shoe shine shawl shore shirt short shout
shy Shawn
'th' SIWI
thief thick thin thing think thank thatch thong thud thumb thud
thump thaw thought third thirst thigh
'ch' SIWI
cheep cheek cheese cheer chick chin chip chase chair chest chimp
chat chop chew choose chalk chore child Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang
'J' SIWI
jeans jeep Jack jar jam jet jug jump juice jelly joke Jeff
/j/ SIWI
year yell yes yak yap yacht yard young yuk yum you yolk yawn
Yolanda
/r/ SIWI
read rich rig rim Robin Rattie Rat ring rip wrist race rage rail
rain rake ray red rack rock Ron run roof room rope robe rose row
Ronald wrong round rice ride write Rin-Tin-Tin
The Teddies in Bananas in Pyjamas are Amy, Morgan and Lulu. The
Bananas are B1 and B2, and the other main character is The Rat in
a Hat.
/b/ V /t/ and /b/ V /d/ CVCs
boat beat bite boot beet beat bat Bert bit bought bait
pea pay Pooh paw purr pie pow poi Pa
bee bay boo bore burr buy bow boy bar bow
tea two tore tie toy ta toe
BACKWARD CHAINING: "KING-WORDS" (Verbs)
e.g., walking-king-talking-king-making-king- etc
walking talking making looking working taking baking hiking
soaking licking wrecking stacking breaking lurking
BACKWARD CHAINING: "KEY"
e.g., monkey-key-donkey-key-Mickey-key-etc
monkey donkey Mickey lucky duckie hanky Blinkey wonky
ks/ SFWF: Third Person Regular Present Tense
licks walks picks wakes looks breaks soaks talks shakes works
/b/ and /v/
SIWI
bass vase
bail veil
balance valance
ballet valet
bally valley
bane vain
banish vanish
bat vat
BC VC
beard veered
becks vex
beer veer
belt veld
bend vend
bent vent
best vest
bet vet
bib Viv
bicker vicar
bide vied
bigger vigour
biking Viking
bile vile
binary vinery
bine vine
boated voted
boater voter
bole vole
bolt volt
bow vow
bowel vowel
box vox
Bulgarian vulgarian
burble verbal
burst versed
bury very
buy vie

Aveley ably
cupboard covered
curb curve
dub dove
dribble drivel
fibre fiver
gabble gavel
gibe jive
grebe grieve
hobble hovel
Job Jove
knobble novel
lobes loaves
lubber lover
lubbers lovers
marble marvel
rebel revel
robe rove
sabre savour
verb verve