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962/2
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
Two and a half hours
For examiner’s
use
Instructions to candidates: 1
10
Total
Section A [ 40 marks ]
1. The lattice energies of lithium chloride and sodium chloride are – 848 kJ mol−1 and –
776 kJ mol−1 respectively.
(a) Define the term lattice energy by using lithium chloride as an example. [2]
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(b) Explain why the lattice energy of lithium chloride is more exothermic than that of
sodium chloride. [2]
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(c) State the relationship between lattice energy, enthalpy change of hydration ( ∆Hhyd)
and the enthalpy change of solution ( ∆Hsoln ). [1]
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(d) The values of the enthalpy change of hydration ( ∆Hhyd) for a few ions are given in
the following table .
( iii ) How would you expect the temperature to change when lithium chloride is
dissolved in water? [1]
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CONFIDENTIAL
2 The Haber process is used in the industrial production of ammonia. The reaction equation
is as follows.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ∆Hθ = -92 kJ mol
(a) At a temperature of 500o C and a pressure of 500 atm, the system is in a state of
dynamic equilibrium. Explain what is meant by the term dynamic equilibrium. [2]
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(ii) Explain why the catalyst in (i) does not alter the equilibrium position in this
process. [2]
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(c) Ammonia gas forms dense white fumes of ammonium chloride when reacted with
hydrogen chloride gas.
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(ii) State the hybrid orbitals of the nitrogen atom in ammonia and ammonium
chloride.
Ammonia :
……………………………………………………………………………………...
Ammonium chloride:
……….. …………………………………………………………............................
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(iv) State the contents of a tank of ammonia gas which is left to stand in a hot spot
for a few days. Give a reason for your answer.
………..…..………………………………………………………………...............
..……………………………………………………………………………..............
[6]
CONFIDENTIAL
3. Some elements of the third period are as follows: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, Cl, Ar.
(a) Which of the elements exist as diatomic molecules at room temperature and
pressure? [1]
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(b) Which element has the largest first ionisation energy? [1]
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(c) (i) Which of these elements form a simple covalent chloride that reacts with water
to give a white precipitate? [1]
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(ii) Write equations to show the amphoteric nature of the oxide in ( d ) ( i ) with
NaOH(aq): ……..............................................................................................................
[2]
(e) Chlorine reacts with NaOH(aq) under different conditions to produce ClO− and
ClO3– ions.
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[3]
CONFIDENTIAL
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(ii) Give an example of an elastomer and state a use for this elastomer.
Example:.......................................................................................................................................
Use : ............................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) The structures of four isomers of the hydrocarbon C4H8 are shown below.
H H H H CH3 CH3
C= CH2 C=C C=C C=CH2
CH3CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3
P Q R S
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(ii) When P, Q, R and S are reacted with steam, a pair of optical isomers are
produced. Draw the structures of these isomers.
(iii) Draw the structure of the organic product formed when S is reacted with the
following reagents.
Cold KMnO4(aq) :
HCl(g):
[7]
CONFIDENTIAL
Section B [ 60 marks ]
(i) State and explain the effect of an increase in pressure and temperature on the
position of equilibrium . [4]
( ii ) At 700○C, the partial pressures of steam and hydrogen are 90 kPa and 183 kPa
respectively at equilibrium. Write an expression for the equilibrium constant,
Kp , in terms of partial pressure and give its units. Hence, calculate the value
of Kp. [4]
( b ) Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. It is used as a flavouring and a food additive in our diet.
(i) Define the asid dissociation constant, Ka, of ethanoic acid. [1]
( ii ) Calculate the pH of a 1.0 dm3 solution containing a mixture of 0.40 mol dm–3 of
ethanoic acid and 0.20 mol dm–3 of sodium ethanoate solution.
[Ka, of ethanoic acid = 1.80 x 10–5 mol dm–3 ] [3]
( iii ) Calculate the change in the pH value recorded when 0.050 mol of sodium
hydroxide is added to 1.0 dm3 of distilled water. [3]
(b) (i) Define standard enthalpy of combustion for carbon monoxide and
write the equation for the reaction involved.
(ii) By using the data below, calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion
for carbon monoxide.
(iii) Based on the data below, explain why sodium metal reacts vigorously
and exothermically with chlorine gas.
(ii) Name the complex ion [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]2+ . This complex ion exhibit isomerism.
Identify the type of isomerism involved and draw its isomers.
[6]
(c) Transition metals or its compounds are widely used in heterogenous catalytic
activity.. Give a brief description of the use of a heterogeneous catalyst in the
Contact Process. [6]
(i) Describe how the aluminium oxide layers is involved in the structure of
2:1 clay such as montmorillonite. [2]
(ii) Why is soil containing montmorillonite are not suitable for agriculture. [2]
(b) (i) Explain why an aqueous solution of aluminium salts is acidic. Write an
equation to show the reaction involved. [4]
(ii) Explain the effect of the charge density of Al3+ ions on bonding.
Describe why aluminium chloride sublimes. [7]
(i) Identify two possible pairs of Grignard reagent and another respondent
chemical substance that can be used to prepare 2-phenylmethyl-butan-2-ol.
[4]
(i) Write all the structural formulae of isomers with the molecular formula
C7H7C1. [4]
(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between Q and ethanolic silver
nitrate. [2]
(iv) Explain why ethanolic silver nitrate and not aqueous silver nitrate is used for
the reaction. [2]
10. (a) An organic compound P with relative molecular mass of 126.5 has the following
composition by mass: carbon, 66.4%; chlorine, 28.1%; and hydrogen, 5.5%.
(ii) State the effect of the concentration of aqueous potassium hydroxide on the
rate of hydrolysis.
[7]