Deccan Mining Syndicate - Part 1 PDF

GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON
ESTIMATION OF IRON ORE RESOURCES IN RESPECT OF

M/s DECCAN MINING SYNDICATE LEASE AREA (ML No.2525)
DISTRICT: BELLARY, KARNATAKA
SALIENT FEATURES
1 Name & location of the M/S Deccan Mining Syndicate Lease Area (ML.No.2525)
block Sandur Taluk, Dist: Bellary, Karnataka, lies between
Longitudes 76º30’17.35” and 76º30’40.37” and Latitudes
15º00’32.21” and 15º00’40.25”. The area is covered in
Survey of India Toposheet No.57 A/12.
2 Accessibility The mine lease area is 20 km from Sandur town which

can be approached from Bellary, Hospet, Donimalai and
from Toranagallu railway station.
3 Objective i) Detailed topographic survey and contouring

ii) Detailed geological mapping
iii) Estimation of reserves / resources in respect of
‘C’ category mines as per UNFC guidelines
4 Quantum of work
a) Geological Mapping 0.19 sq. km (1:1000 RF)
b) i) Core drilling 179.00m (3 Bhs)
ii) RC drilling 465.00m (9 Bhs)
c) Total Meterage drilled 644.00m(12 Bhs)
d) Chemical Analysis
i) Primary 657 Nos.
(Fe,SiO2,Al203,)
ii) Specific gravity 8 Nos.
5 Duration of work July-2014 to Septembert-2014.
6 Geology & structure The Sandur Schist Belt is known for its economic
deposits of Iron and Manganese and studied in detail by
many prominent workers like New Bold (1838), Foote
(1895), Roy and Biswas(1983), Martin and
Mukhopadhyay (1987 & 1993), Naqvi et.al. (1987) on
various aspects like depositional environment, structure
etc.
a
Iron ore, banded ferruginous cherty quartzite, are
intimately associated with gabbro of pre-tectonic and
post tectonic origin. The hill ranges trend in NNW-SSE
direction, which are similar to regional tectonic trend of
the Sandur Schist Belt. The area has under gone two
phases of deformation [F1 and F2] and metamorphism.
The axial trace of F1 have NNW-SSE trend which is
refolded by open F2 folds trending in ENW-WSE
direction. The primary structure of banded iron ore
formation is bedding and pene-contemporaneous faults;
schistosity and fracture cleavage are also common.
Repetition of iron ore bands, which cause the thickening
of ore at places, are due to diastrophic folds.
7 No. of BHs drilled up to Nil ; Grid pattern : 100 x 100; 100 x 200;
basement
8 Highest RL in lease area 1085.40m

Lowest RL in lease area 973.30m
Deepest BH drilled 77.00m (973.00m RL)
9 Thickness at 45% Fe cut- Minimum -0.86m (Bh.no. MDMR-7)

off Maximum -66.68m (Bh.noMDMR-9)
10 Overburden Laterite
11 Logging & Sampling 644.00m & 657 nos.
12 Samples analysed for Fe(%), SiO2 (%), Al203 (%)
13 Average core recovery 85-90%
14 No.of Geological cross- 10

sections
15 Specifications >45% Threshold value

(Based on Fe%)
16 Structure The lease area falls on Kumaraswamy range which is

oriented in E - W direction.
17 Nature / Type of Ore i) Lateritic ore, Hematitic ore, Soft Laminated ore,
Shaly ore, Blue dust and Siliceous ore.
ii) Waste type / OB / IB – Laterite, Shale and BHQ.
b
18 Stratigraphy Lateritic Ore
Massive/Laminated Ore
Ferruginous Clay
Ferruginous Shale
BHQ / BHJ
19 Ore body dimension Average Strike length - 800.00m

Average Width – 40.10m
Average Depth – 53.67m
20 Intercalation Laterite, Shale bands, Ferruginous Clay.
21 Ore Reserves & 35.860 million tonnes with 62.51% Fe, 3.91% SiO2
Resources (at 45% Fe) and 3.36% Al2O3
Fe : SiO2 + Al2O3 ratio is 0.11
Al2O3 : SiO2 ratio is 0.86
Al2O3 : Fe ratio is 0.05
22 Recommendations M/s Deccan Mining Syndicate lease area [ML No.1525]

has good potential that would be amenable to systematic
scientific mining. It could further yield for ore 250-300m
strike length, ore potential up to 50-75m depth from
WNW of MDM-3 and MDMR-11 & 12.
c
LIST OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
CONTENTS
NO. NO.
SALIENT FEATURES i-iii
1.0.0 INTRODUCTION 1-3
1.1.0 General 1
1.2.0 Location 2
1.3.0 Accessibility 2
1.4.0 Physiography 2
1.5.0 Climate 2
1.6.0 Scope of Work 3
1.7.0 Acknowledgements 3
2.0.0 REGIONAL GEOLOGY & STRUCTURE 4-9
2.1.0 Background Information 4
2.2.0 Classification of Iron Ore Deposits 5
2.3.0 Regional Geology 7
2.4.0 Structure 7
2.5.0 Geology of the Area 8
2.6.0 Structural Control 9
3.0.0 EXPLORATION BY MECL 10-13
3.1.0 Objective 10
3.2.0 Summary of Exploration work done 10
3.3.0 Surface Survey 10
3.4.0 Geological Mapping 11
3.5.0 Exploratory Drilling 12
3.6.0 Core Drilling 12
3.7.0 Primary Sampling 13
3.8.0 Specific Gravity Determination 13
d
4.0.0 MINERALISATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF 15-18
IRON ORE
4.1.0 Mineralisation 15
4.2.0 Types of Ores 15
4.3.0 Grade Classification 16
4.4.0 Depth Persistence 17
4.5.0 Mineralisation Factor 17
4.6.0 Physical Characteristics of Ore 18
4.7.0 Chemical Characteristics of the Iron Ore 18
5.0.0 METHOD OF RESOURCE ESTIMATION 19-26
5.1.0 Resource estimation by geological cross-section 19
5.2.0 Shape of Ore body 19
5.3.0 Estimation of Reserves / Resources and Grade 22
5.4.0 Rice Ratio 22
6.0.0 RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATION 27-30
6.1.0 Frequency Distribution 27
6.2.0 Accuracy of Analytical Procedure 28
7.0.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 31
7.1.0 CONCLUSIONS 31
7.2.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 31
e
LIST OF ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE PAGE
TITLE
No. No.
I Details of Triangulation Stations 1
II Details of Survey particulars of boreholes drilled 1

by MECL
IIIA Detailed Litholog of boreholes drilled (core drilling) 1-49

by MECL
IIIB Detailed Litholog and analytical details of boreholes 1-30

(Reverse Circulation drilling) drilled by MECL.
IV Details of Concise litholog of boreholes 1-12
V Analytical Results of Primary Samples (Core Drilling] 1-6
VI Contract Agreement 1-10
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
TITLE
NO. No.
1 Quantum of work proposed in M/S Deccan Mining 3
Syndicate Lease Area
2 Details of Iron Ore zone Intersected in the Boreholes 16

(at 45% Fe cut-off)
3 Details of Iron Ore zone Intersected in the Boreholes 17

(at 55% Fe)
4 Sectionwise, boreholewise, categorywise reserves / 23

resources by cross section method
5 Sectionwise, boreholewise, Oretypeywise reserves / 24-25

resources by vertical section method
f
LIST OF PLATES
No. TITLE R.F.
I Location Plan 1 : 200000
II Regional Geological Map 1 : 2000
III Topographic and Geological Map M/S Deccan Mining 1 : 1000

Syndicate Lease Area
IV Graphic Llithologs with Histograms 1 : 500
V Geological Cross Sections (S-1 - S-1’ to S-10-S-10’) 1 : 1000
VI Geological Vertical Sections (L-1 - L-1’ to L-3 - L-3’) 1 : 1000
LIST OF TEXT PLATES
TEXT TITLE PAGE NO.

PLATE
NO.
1 Iron Ore Deposits of India 6
2 Histogram of Primary Sample Assay (Entire data) 21
3 Typical geological cross section
4 Histogram of Primary Sample Assay 22
5 Histogram of Primary Sample Assay data within ore

zone
g
1.0.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1.0 GENERAL
1.1.1 The extensive exploitation of Iron ore by small and large lease area holders by
violating all norms fixed by the government. The illegal mining beyond their
lease boundary by few mine owners forced the government to stop mining
activity and cancel the mining leases since September 2011 by the verdict of
Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in its Order dated: 24.02.2014. Accordingly a
committee was formed to assess the extent of encroachment / violation based
on the joint survey conducted by authorities under the Chairmanship of the
Chief Secretary to Government of Karnataka. Considering the extent of
encroachment, 51 mines have been grouped under C-category mines and the
mining license of these mines were cancelled. As per the guidelines Director,
Department of Mines and Geology vide letter no. DMG/MLS/MECL/2014-15,
dated 16.06.2014 and subsequent detailed discussions with official of IBM,
DMG and MECL, it was decided to restrict core drilling method to less than
20% and enhance the RC drilling to more than 80%.
1.1.2 MECL officials visited 15 abandoned C-Category iron ore mines in Sandur area
of Bellary district and Hiriyur area of Chitradurga district along with DMG
officials between 19-3-2014 to 23-3-2014 in prelude to the exploration in the
C-Category mines. It is observed that, no systematic mining being done, no old
exploration / Borehole data or chemical data and no updated Surface Plan is
available for planning further exploration.
1.1.3 Based on the available Surface Plan and GPS Survey data provided by DMG
Karnataka, the proposal for detailed exploration for iron ore in 6 abandoned C-
Category mines located in Kumaraswamy and NEB range were prepared.
1.1.4 Sandur Schist Belt is one of the younger schist belts of Dharwar Super Group
occupied in about 2500 Sq.km area between Bellary, Hospet and Sandur in the
Bellary district of Karnataka is known for its rich accumulation of both Iron and
Manganese ores. Extensive Iron & Manganese Ore Mining is the main activity
in Sandur, Hospet and Bellary areas.
1.1.5 In future, almost entire Europe (excluding former USSR), Japan, Korea, China
and other Asian Countries will nearly depend upon import of iron ore. The main
exporters will be Brazil, Oceania [Australia, New Zealand etc.) and former
USSR. India has a good export market in the eastern sector as Australia
seems to be the sole major competitor; besides, India has a good market even
in Europe and Africa. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore large areas to cater to
heavy export of iron ore.
1
1.1.6 The Ramandurg, Kumaraswamy, Deodari, Donimalai, Thimmappanagudi, NEB
range and Copper mountain Ranges are the most important iron ore mining
centers of Bellary - Hospet area.
1.2.0 LOCATION
1.2.1 M/s DECCAN MINING SYNDICATE LEASE AREA (ML No.2525) is on

Kumaraswamy range of Sandur Schist Belt, at a distance of about 20 kms from
Sandur, lies between Longitudes 76º30’17.35” and 76º30’40.37” and Latitudes
15º00’32.21” and 15º00’40.25”. The area is covered in Survey of India
Toposheet No.57 A/12 (Plate-I).
1.2.2 The Sandur Schist Belt lies between Longitudes 76º22’ and 76º52’ and
Latitudes 14º50’ and 15º17’. The area is covered in Survey of India Toposheet
Nos.57 A/7, 8, 11,12,15,16 & 57 B/9.
1.2.3 Bellary, Sandur and Hospet are the important townships of the area. Sandur is
the tehsil headquarter and located in the south central part of Sandur Schist
Belt. Bellary is the district headquarter, which is 60km from Sandur. Donimali is
the NMDC township, at a distance of about 15 km from Sandur. Hospet is the
important township in the area and it is 30km from Sandur.
1.2.4 Jindal had established Vijayanagar Steels (JSW) near Toranagallu (R.S.),
using Thimmappangudi block iron ore resources.
1.3.0 ACCESSIBILITY
1.3.1 Sandur is connected by road from Bellary, Hospect, Toranagallu (RS) and
Donimalai. Hospet, Toranagallu and Bellary are connected by broad gauge
railway line on Hubli - Guntakal section of south central railway. Bengaluru is
the State capital and it is at about 340 km from Sandur by road and accessible
by train from Hospet and Toranagallu,
1.4.0 PHYSIOGRAPHY
1.4.1 Physiography of the area is characterized by two elongated ridges trending

NNW-SSE. The western ridge is named as Ramandurg range and the eastern
ridge is named as Donimali range and the E-W trending South East extension
of Ramandurga range is called Kumaraswamy range. The height of these hill
ranges is between 600 to 1100m from MSL.
1.5.0 CLIMATE
1.5.1 The Sandur Schist Belt area of Bellary district experience dry semi arid climate
with annual rainfall varying from 40cm to 80cm. The monsoon begins in June
first week and continues up to September and winter from the month of October
to January is some what pleasant. Hot to very hot summer is from the month of
February to May.
2
1.6.0 SCOPE OF WORK
TABLE-1:
QUANTUM OF WORK PROPOSED IN
M/s DECCAN SYNDICATE MINES LEASE AREA (MLNo.2525)
Sl. No Activity Quantity

1 Topographical Survey (on 1:1000 scale) 19.02 Ha
2 Geological Mapping 0.19 Sq.Km
3 Survey
i) Triangulation/Traversing 19.02 Hectares
ii) BH Fixation 12 Nos.
iii) Determination of RL & Co-ordinates 12 Nos.
4 Exploratory Drilling
i) Core Drilling 179.00m (3 nos.)
ii) RC Drilling 465.00m (9 nos.)
5 Geological Activities
i) Core Logging 644.00m (12 BHs)
ii) Sampling 657 Nos.
6 Chemical Analysis :
i) Primary (Fe,Sio2 &Al2O3) 657 Nos.
ii) Specific Gravity determination 8 Nos.
1.7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1.7.1 MECL is highly thankful to Ore resource estimation committee for its
suggestions and valuable guidance in planning and execution of the proposed
exploration in ‘C’ - Category iron ore mines of Bellary – Hospet area,
Karnataka.
1.7.2 MECL places on record its profuse thanks to Director, Directorate of Mines
&Geology, Karnataka for assigning the responsibility of exploration in M/s
Deccan Syndicate Mines Lease Area (MLNo.2525), Bellary district, Karnataka.
1.7.3 MECL also gratefully acknowledges the co-operation in execution of exploration

activity at M/s Deccan Syndicate Mines Lease Area (MLNo.2525) by the
officials of Directorate of Mines & Geology, Bellary and Hospet.
3
2.0.0 REGIONAL GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURE
2.1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2.1.1 H. James defined iron formation as a “Chemical sediment, typically thin bedded
or laminated, containing 15% or more iron of sedimentary origin and commonly
but not necessarily containing layers of Chert”. Banded Iron Formation (BIF)
has been formed within a single epoch of earth between 1900 and 2500 million
years ago. The amount of iron deposited in this epoch of sedimentation is quite
enormous.
2.1.2 The pre-Cambrian banded iron formations which are known as IRON
FORMATIONS or IRON ORE SERIES consists of banded hematite quartzite,
banded hematite jasper, banded chert, etc. in the un-metamorphosed state;
whereas on metamorphism, the bounded ferruginous rocks have given rise to
banded magnetite quartzite in which, the magnetite has been derived from the
original hematite and in places from grunerite - cummingtonite bearing rocks.
The basic eruptive rocks of the Precambrian time are the major source of iron
ores. The iron ores have been deposited through sedimentary resources
followed by leaching, oxidation by surface water percolation over a long period
and re-cementation with some replacement have also played a part at places.
The hematite generally occupies the top of the ridges and hillocks, which are of
great magnitude. Most of the ores have grade of > 60% and are in association
with ores of medium and lower grade in larger quantities. The grain size varies
from fine to coarse. Few grains of martite and magnetite are present, which are
of not much significance. Due to weathering hematite have altered to limonite
& goethite and finally to laterite at places.
GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INDIAN IRON ORE DEPOSITS
Formation Type of Deposits Areas of occurrence
Quarternary Laterite Small occurrences widely

scattered as derived from
many formations including
Deccan Traps.
Tertiary
Eocene and Miocene Ironstones NE Regions[Assam]
Kumaon Hills, Travacore,
Malabar coast.
Jurassic
Rajmahal Trap (inter Ironstones Birbhum, West Bengal.
trappean beds) Rajmahal Hills, Bihar
4
Triassic
Sirban limestone Hematite and limonite Udhampur, Kashmir
Gondwana
Ironstone Ironstone & Siderite Raniganj Coalfield
Barakar Mahadeva Ironstone & Siderite Birbhum, Auranga Coalfield
Cuddapah Bijawar, Hematite & Ferruginous, Bijawar, Gwalior, Indore,

Gwalior, Cuddapah Quartzite Rewa, Mahendragarh,
Jaipur, Jhunjhunu, Sikar,
Cuddapah
Banded Iron Magnetite-Quartzite Guntur, Salem, Tiruchira-

Formation palle, Shimoga, Chikmaglur
(Metamophosed) Mandi (Himachal)
Banded Iron Hematite (massive, Singhbhum, Bonai,

Formation shaly, powdery etc). Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj,
Poonch (KLashmir), Bastar,
Durg, Jabalpur,
Chandrapur, Gadchroli,
Ratnagiri, Dharwar, Bellary,
Shimoga, Chikmaghur,
Goa.
Granites Magnetites (Residual) Jaintia Hills (Assam)
Granodiorites Apatite-Magnetite rock Singhbhum, Mayurbhanj

(Rampahari Granite)
Basic Ultra basic Titaniferous-vanadiferous Singhbhum, Mayurbhanj

rocks magnetites
Pre-Cambrians Magnetite SE Karnataka, Mysore
2.1.3 The BIF has great economic potential, as it hosts many useful metalliferrous
ores such as iron, aluminum, copper, chromium, gold, uranium, etc.
2.2.0 CLASSIFICATION OF IRON ORE DEPOSITS:
2.2.1 The iron ore resources of India are mainly distributed within the five major
zones as detailed below:
5
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION [GSI’s Bulletin series A, No.51 (1988)]
(Text Plate-1)
ZONE
A Chiria, Noamundi, Kiriburu, Meghahatuburu, Thakurani, Bolani,

Gua, Malong toil, Gandhamardan, Daitari.
B Bailadila, Dalli, Rajhara, Rowghat, Mahamaya, Aridongri,

Surajgarh.
C Donimalai, Ramandurg, Kumaraswamy, NEB Range,

Ettinahatti, Tumti, Belagal.
D N.Goa, S.Goa, Redi.
E Kudremukh, Bababudan, Kudachadri.
2.2.2 Also less important (deposits) belts are around central Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Haryana, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh etc.,
IRON ORE DEPOSITS OF INDIA
TEXT PLATE-1
6
2.3.0 REGIONAL GEOLOGY
2.3.1 The geological formations of the Bellary, Hospet & Sandur region are known by
the name Sandur Schist Belt, belongs to Dharwar Super Group. The
generalized succession of these formations was first suggested by Foote
(1895) is as follows
2.3.2 STRATIGRAPHIC SUCCESSION OF SANDUR SCHIST BELT
Intrusive rocks
-----Un-conformity-----------------
Sedimentaries
Dharwar Group
-----Un-conformity-----------------
Basic igneous rocks

-----Un-conformity-----------------
Older gneisses granites
2.3.3 Older gneisses and granites: These are the oldest rocks of the area and
occur mainly along the Western and South western boundaries of the schist
belt.
2.3.4 Basic igneous rocks: This group comprises mainly of meta basalt and
epidiorites and overlies the gneisses and granites with an unconformity.
2.3.5 Sedimentaries: The sedimentary formations consist largely arenaceous

sediment (sandstones & quartzites) successively followed by argillaceous
(shales, phyllites & slates) and ferruginous sediments (ferruginous shales,
quartzites, manganese and iron ores).
2.3.6 Intrusive rocks: These include both acid and basic intrusives. The acid
intrusives are in the form of granites while the basic ones are in the form of
dioritic or doleritic sills.
2.3.7 The two most significant economic mineral deposits of the area are manganese
and Iron ores. The manganese ore is confined mainly to the southern portion
of Kumaraswamy range and the western flanks of the Ramandurg range. Iron
ore occurrences are spread over almost all the major hill ranges viz.,
Ramandurg, Kumaraswamy, Donimalai, Devadarigudda, Thimmappanagudi,
NEB range and Copper Mountain (Belagal) range.
2.4.0 STRUCTURE
2.4.1 The hill ranges of Sandur Schist Belt appear to be isoclinal synclines trending
NNW – SSE with general northeasterly dip. The major valleys are in the
7
anticlinal regions. The Copper Mountain (Belagal), Thimmappanagudi,
Ramandurg, Kumaraswamy and Donimalai ranges are located in the synclinal
regions. The overall structure of the schist belt is synclinal and it is often called
“Sandur Synclinorium”
2.4.2 The eastern and western limbs of Sandur Syncline and Copper Mountain cross
folded syncline show only iron ore enrichment. The en-echelon drag fold shows
concentration of manganese ore along the troughs and the saddles.
2.5.0 GEOLOGY OF THE AREA
2.5.1 The Sandur Schist Belt is known for its economics deposits of iron and
manganese and studied in details by many prominent workers like New Bold
(1838), Foote (1895), Roy and Biswas (1983), Martin & Mukhopadhyay (1987
& 1993), Naqvi et.al. (1987) on various aspects like depositional environment,
structure and depositional process etc. Geo-chemical data study by
Manikyamba et. al. (1993) inferred that the iron formation were the result of
submarine hydrothermal venting at the mid-oceanic ridge, ferruginous volcanic
sedimentation and biogenic activity.
2.5.2 The lithostratigraphy of the volcanic and sedimentary rocks under the new term
are defined as “Sandur Group” which are as follows:
Vibhutigudda Formation
Taluru Formation
Donimalai Formation
Sandur Group
Ramanmala Formation
Deogiri Formation
Yeshwanth nagar Formation
---------------------------------------------Tectonic contact ------------------------------

Basement not known (probably gneiss)
2.5.3 Yeshwantnagar Formation: This formation is dominated by metamorphosed

ultramafic rocks, metagabbro and amphibolites on the south western margin of
the schist belt.
2.5.4 Deogiri Formation: The sedimentary sequence overlies the amphibolites of

the Yeshwanth nagar formation. The lowest part of the formation are mostly
greywacke and the top most part are manganiferous greywacks which
immediately underlie the lowest banded chert of Ramanmala Formation. The
greywacks are commonly calcareous. Much of the manganiferous greywacks
occurs as secondary concentrations of oxides or hydroxides in the form of
nodules or encrustations on fractures.
8
2.5.5 Ramanmala Formation: The lower part of the Ramanmala formation is
dominated by banded ferruginous cherts and interbedded amphibolites. The
chert layers increase in number along the strike of the formation from north-
west to south-east. Many of these chert layers are banded iron formations
which are host to economic deposits of secondary haematite on the top of the
Ramanmala and Deogiri hill ranges.
2.5.6 Donimalai Formation: This formation comprises amphibolites and banded

ferruginous cherts with subordinate polymict conglomerate and greywacks.
Numerous banded units of chert characterise the Donimalai Formation. They
vary in thickness from 10 to 100m. The banded hematite-enriched types of
rocks have magnetite, Jasper and pyrite rich cherts to non-ferruginous grey
cherts.
2.5.7 Taluru Formation: The formation mostly comprises of schistose amphibolites

and pillow structured metabesalts, which are host to thin, but persistent
intercalations of banded cherts and local pods of coarse grained grey
carbonates. The lower part of the formation comprises inter bedded banded
ferruginous cherts, schistose chlorite carbonate rich amphibolites & siliceous
schist.
2.5.8 Vibhutigudda Formation: The hill ranges northeast of Donimalai range

includes formations comprising sedimentary and volcanic rocks such as
greywacks and banded ferruginous chert that immediately overlies the
amphibolites of the Taluru formations.
2.6.0 STRUCTURAL CONTROL
2.6.1 Iron ore, banded ferruginous cherty quartzite, are intimately associated with
gabbro of pre-tectonic and post tectonic origin.
2.6.2 The hill ranges trend in NNW-SSE direction, which are similar to the regional
tectonic trend of the Sandur Schist Belt. The area has under gone two phases
of deformation [F1 and F2] and metamorphism. The axial trace of F1 have
NNW-SSE trend which is refolded by open F2 folds trending ENW-WSE. The
primary structure of banded iron ore formation is bedding and pene-
contemporaneous faults. Schistosity and fracture cleavage are common.
Repetition of iron ore bands, which cause the thickening of ore at places, are
due to diastrophic folds.
9
3.0.0 EXPLORATION BY MECL
3.1.0 OBJECTIVE
3.1.1 The main objective of exploration by MECL is to estimate the iron ore resources
in M/s Deccan Syndicate Mines Lease Area (MLNo.2525). The following
objectives were set for this purpose:
1. To survey the mining lease area and to prepare the topographical map
2. To prepare geological map of the mine lease area
3. To assess the strike and depth continuity of iron ore in the mining lease
area
4. Estimation of iron ore reserves / resources as per UNFC classification
3.1.2 Based on the work order of DGM, Karnataka, the exploration was commenced
on 30.06.2014 and completed on 29.08.2014 involving 179m core drilling in 3
boreholes and 465.00m in 9 boreholes by RC drilling thus amounts to a total of
644.00m in 12 boreholes, 657 samples and 8 Nos. of specific gravity
determinations. The chemical analysis has been completed on 29.09.2014.
3.2.0 SUMMARY OF EXPLORATION WORK DONE
3.2.1 The summary of physical work done by MECL is given in Table 1.1. The
detailed account of each activity is presented in the following paras.
3.3.0 SURFACE SURVEY
3.3.1 Survey work has been carried by using Differential Global Positioning System
(DGPS) of Tremble make having an accuracy of 0.10 m with WGS 1984 datum.
In absence of survey of India reference point in the vicinity of mines area, base
stations T1 & T2 are fixed at highest elevations of the area i.e. top of the
opencast Deccan mines area. Initially, four common boundary pillars between
NMDC & Deccan Mining Syndicate, existing on ground, shown by the DGM
officials of Hospet are surveyed and the co-ordinates are plotted on map. The
map supplied by DGM, Karnataka duly certified by IBM, Bengaluru is rectified
as per the surveyed boundary.
4.3.2 The surveyed map thus prepared is deviated and non-congruent from the map
supplied by DGM, Karnataka. However, the boundary plan surveyed and
prepared by N.I.T, Suratkal, Karnataka has been more or less harmonious and
congruent [Text Plate-1]. The deviation between the boundary plan of NIT,
Suratkal and that of MECL may be due to either instrumental error or because
of datum line. Then the survey work is continued to prepare the topographical
map on 1:1000 (Plate-III) and fixation of boreholes by using the Electronic Total
10
DISPOSITION OF BLOCK BOUNDARY M/s. DECCAN MINING SYNDICATE LEASE AREA (ML. No. 2525)
KUMARASWAMY RANGE, SANDUR SCHIST BELT, DISTRICT: BELLARY, KARNATAKA
Boundary as per map

supplied by DMG
Boundary as per co-ordinates
supplied by NITK
Boundary as per surveyed
Co-ordinates by MECL
TEXT PLATE:1
11
station (Sokkia make). The co-ordinates of boundary pillars and boreholes are
given in Annexure I & II respectively.
3.4.0 GEOLOGICAL MAPPING
3.4.1 The geological mapping was carried out with the help of tape and compass
over an area of 0.19 sq.km on 1:1000 scale. The survey stations fixed on the
cross sections line were used as reference points.
3.4.2 During the exploration, the benches dug were also studied carefully to decipher
and delineate the nature and behavior of iron ore bands. Other formations as
well as surface geological features were also incorporated in the topographical
and geological map. Structural features viz. attitude, different formations, joints,
foliation etc. and were also recorded in Plate-III.
3.5.0 EXPLORATORY DRILLING
3.5.1 The boreholes have been released as per the proposal approved by DGM,
Karnataka. The boreholes have been drilled by MECL and closed in
consultation with DGM officials at Bellary. In order to assess total potential of
iron ore in the mine area, a total of 3 no. of boreholes for core drilling and 9 no.
of boreholes for RC drilling have been planned involving of 179.00m & 465.00m
respectively. Thus, a total of 644.00m exploratory drilling has been completed
in M/s Deccan Mining Syndicate Lease Area (ML No.2525). During the period
of execution, due to the finer nature of ore, utmost care has been taken while
drilling, so as to achieve maximum core recovery. In the mineralized zone, the
overall recovery has been 85-90% and above.
3.6.0 CORE LOGGING
3.6.1 The core and powdery materials recovered from drilling were logged
systematically to demarcate various litho-units. The logging of run wise cores
and the powdery materials as well as the cuttings from boreholes have helped
in discerning physical characters like colour, shape, size and nature of pieces
[laminated, goethite, clayey, and siliceous etc. Besides these, the qualitative
analytical data were helped in delineating the ore types and non ore. Among
the non ore, ferruginous shale, shale banded hematite quartzite has also been
demarcated. The upper portion of ore body has been covered invariably by
laterite / lateritic ore. However, impersistent remnant banded hematite quartzite
have been observed at few places. Based on these observations, ore zones
and non-ore horizon were distinguished and delineated after chemical analysis
and lithological details were given in Annexures IIIA & IIIB. In order to prepare
graphic lithologs, concise lithologs were generated (Annexure-IV) and
presented in Plate-III.
12
3.7.0 PRIMARY SAMPLING
3.7.1 The core recovered by drilling was divided into two longitudinal halves. One
half was taken for sampling, whereas the second half was kept for future
reference [with DGM, Karnataka]. The first half was subjected to uniform size
reduction of 1mm size. It is thoroughly mixed pounded and powdered to (-) 100
mesh size by pestle and mortar and then coned and quartered. 3 sample
packets of 100 gram each have been prepared; out of the three, one packet
was handed over to DGM, Karnataka and the other one has been labeled and
sent to MECL laboratory for Fe, SiO2 and Al2O3 analyses, whereas the third
packet has preserved for future reference. Generally, one meter length of the
core has been considered as a sampling unit, provided no change in lithology
or else, the length corresponds to particular lithology has been taken into
consideration for sampling purposes. The analytical details of the samples have
been given in annexure IIIB & V.
3.7.2 The entire lot of chips and powder material were collected from boreholes
drilled by Reverse Circulation drill. 50% mostly of chip samples have been
thoroughly mixed to have the desired quantity of 500-600 gms. and pounded to
(-)100 mesh size by progressive reduction, 3 sample packets of 200 gram each
has been prepared; out of the three, one has been labeled and sent to MECL
lab. for Fe, SiO2 and Al2O3 analyses and the other packet was handed over to
DGM, Karnataka, and the 3rd packet of the sample has been preserved for
further studies at camp.
3.7.3 Chemical Analysis: All the primary samples were analysed for Fe, SiO2, Al2O3
at MECL laboratory by classical method and at JNRDC laboratory by XRF
method. The details of analysis are provided in Annexure-IV.
3.8.0 SPECIFIC GRAVITY DETERMINATION
3.8.1 The specific gravity of different types of ores have been determined on samples
by Walker’s Steelyard Balance method in the MECL laboratory. The results are
given below:
Sl.No. Sample No. Lithology Specific Gravity

1 DEC-1 Hematitic Ore 3.08
2 DEC-2 Lateritic Ore 2.64
3 DEC-3 Hematitic Ore 2.69
4 DEC-4 Lumpy Ore 4.33
5 DEC-5 Laminated Ore 3.49
6 DEC-6 Blue Dust 4.98
7 DEC-7 Massive Ore 3.27
8 DEC-8 Lumpy Ore 4.33
13
3.8.2 However, bulk densities determined by different deposits by various agencies
are also given below:
Determination of Bulk density by GSI in NEB Range
Ore Zone Hard Ore Soft Ore Powder Ore
I 3.4 3.0
II - - 3.0
III - - 3.0
IV 4.9 3.0 3.0
V 4.7 3.3 3.0
V-A 4.4 3.0 3.0
X 4.35 3.07 3.0
Mean 4.35 3.07 3.0

Determination of Specific Gravity by
IBM in Bellary – Hospet deposit.
Lumpy ore 3.5
Blue Dust 3.8
Mean 3.65
Determination of Specific Gravity by

NMDC in Bailadila deposit no.4
Steel grey hematite 4.2
Blue grey hematite 4.0
Laminated hematite 3.5
Lateritic & Limonitic ore 3.5
Flaky ore & Blue dust 3.4
Mean 3.72
Overall Specific Gravity after consideration of all the deposits is 3.50
14
4.0.0 MINERALISATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF IRON ORE
4.1.0 MINERALISATION
4.1.1 All the materials analysing more than 45% and above have been considered as
ore. The ore exhibits vide variations of physical properties ranging from
compact, hard and massive ore to soft, granular, unconsolidated sandy blue
dust or reddish brown powdery ore.
4.1.2 However, categorization/classification of ore based on quantitative data such

as hard, soft, laminated, powdery etc., have been possible based on mine data
(size range or granulometry). It is based on physical properties like colour,
presence or absence of weakness, cohesiveness of the grains etc. This
lithological classification helped in revealing a stratigraphical picture of the
relative preponderance of different ore types.
4.1.3 The iron ore in nature is not homogeneous, but consists of a mixture of many
ore types. Hence, practical approach of demarcating the ore zones based on
predominant nature of the lithology/ore substantiated with analytical data have
been applied.
4.2.0 TYPES OF ORES
4.2.1 Various types of iron ores are derived from hematite viz. massive ore,
laminated ore and blue dust.
Type of Ore Characteristic Features

Lateritic Porous and cavernous in nature
Laminated Closely spaced laminae, which give rise to biscuity ores.
Blue dust (-)10 mesh Ore constituting of hematite and martite
Massive (Hematitic) No planar structure
4.2.2 The blue dust consists of 10-15% of (-) 100 mesh size fractions and above
80% of (-)100 to (-)325 mesh size.
4.2.3 Besides the float ore gets accumulated along the slope and foot hills which are
of more pure in iron content. In Bellary-Hospet region also the float ore occurs
with >64% Fe. The gangue materials are of shale pieces, banded hematite
quartzite, dolerite and clay. If lateritisation is extensive, the alumina to silica
ratio will be high.
Type of Ore Fe%
Massive ore(Hematitic) 67.69
Compact laminated ore 67
Powdery ore 65
Laminated ore 65
15
4.3.0 GRADE CLASSIFICATION
4.3.1 The exploration efforts in 70’s were mainly for lumpy ores. Fines were not
given economic importance. Similarly, exploration will also be required to
categorize the ore reserves / resources based on end user’s grade
classifications. At threshold cutoff of 45% Fe as stipulated by IBM and at 55%
Fe cutoff, the mineralized zones within the lease hold area have been
delineated and presented in the Table-2 and Table-3 respectively.
Table-2:
DETAILS OF IRON ORE ZONE INTERSECTED IN THE BOREHOLES
(AT 45% Fe CUT-OFF)
Sl. From To Thickness True Avg. SiO2 Al2O3

Section BH. No. Fe (%)
No. (m) (m) (m) Thick. (m) (%) (%)
1 S-1 MDMR-12 0.00 63.00 63.00 54.55 64.10 2.31 2.40
2 S-2 MDM-3 0.00 52.00 52.00 45.03 65.80 1.47 2.07
3 S-3 MDMR-9 3.00 80.00 77.00 66.68 62.72 5.11 3.05
4 S-4 MDMR-11 0.00 70.00 70.00 60.62 66.29 1.32 1.65
5 S-5 MDMR-7 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.87 52.08 22.22 1.76
6 S-6 MDMR-10 0.00 65.00 65.00 56.29 63.36 4.24 2.17
7 S-7 MDMR-8 0.00 17.00 17.00 14.72 64.13 3.26 2.38
8 S-8 MDM-2 0.00 66.70 66.70 57.76 64.63 2.56 2.80
MDMR-5 0.00 7.00 7.00 6.06 45.32 3.69 14.89
9 S-9 MDMR-4 0.00 65.00 65.00 56.29 57.18 4.96 7.71
MDMR-6 3.00 16.00 13.00 11.25 50.89 10.07 11.37
10 S-10 MDM-1 0.00 59.00 59.00 51.09 61.42 3.31 4.78
16
Table-3:
DETAILS OF IRON ORE ZONE INTERSECTED IN THE BOREHOLES
(AT 55% Fe CUT-OFF)
Sl. From To Thickness True Avg. SiO2 Al2O3

Section BH. No. Fe (%)
No. (m) (m) (m) Thick. (m) (%) (%)
1 S-1 MDMR-12 1.00 63.00 62.00 53.69 64.26 2.26 2.32
2 S-2 MDM-3 0.00 52.00 52.00 45.03 65.80 1.47 2.07
3 S-3 MDMR-9 5.00 76.00 71.00 61.48 64.13 3.72 2.78
4 S-4 MDMR-11 0.00 70.00 70.00 60.62 66.29 1.32 1.65
5 S-5 MDMR-7 -
6 S-6 MDMR-10 3.00 65.00 62.00 53.69 63.89 4.35 1.87
7 S-7 MDMR-8 0.00 17.00 17.00 14.72 64.13 3.26 2.38
8 S-8 MDM-2 2.00 66.70 64.70 56.03 65.09 2.34 2.60
MDMR-5 -
9 S-9 MDMR-4 0.00 63.00 63.00 54.55 57.54 4.52 7.60
MDMR-6 8.00 9.00 1.00 0.86 58.80 7.99 7.20
13.00 15.00 2.00 1.73 57.05 1.41 12.07
10 S-10 MDM-1 1.20 59.00 57.80 50.05 61.64 3.01 4.77
4.4.0 DEPTH PERSISTANCE
4.4.1 The general mode of occurrence of hematite deposits which, form bulk of the
ore resources in the country, is in the form of surface enrichment. But there are
areas like NEB range in Bellary-Hospet, Bailadila Range, Goa, etc., where the
ore is in the form of pure sedimentary beds with steep dips ‘reefs’. The
average depth of the mineralised zone proved by the present exploration in the
present mine lease area is 53.67m only.
4.5.0 MINERALISATION FACTOR
4.5.1 Mineralogy of an iron deposit has a great influence in the ore treatment
characteristics and economics. Magnetite is recoverable by relatively simple,
economical magnetic separation while, hematite, goethite, siderite require
expensive roasting or flotation processes. Although when the grains are
coarse, hematite ore may get treated with low cost. Mineralisation factor is the
ratio of net ore bearing area to gross area. It is referred as the co-efficient of
impurities. The mineralization factor for Deccan mining lease area is 1.
17
4.6.0 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ORE
4.6.1 The ore are massive + laminated, soft laminated, blue dust, lateritic and
powdery.
4.6.2 Principal ore minerals are hematite + magnetite, goethite and limonite. The
iron content ranges from 62.7% to 65.5% in blue dust.
4.7.0 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IRON ORE
4.7.1 In the entire deposit, the high grade ore is almost free from lateralization and
the laterite area is very less (2-3%), whereas the blue dust area ranges about
10-15%. However, the blue dust mostly contains more hematite, therefore,
good quantity of hematitic ore could be easily available from the blue dust. The
hematitic ore persists even beyond the level of exploration as could be
visualize from the geological cross sections.
4.7.2 Silica to Alumina ratio ranges between 0.08 and 1.55 with the average of 0.86
indicating low level of lateritisation; whereas the Iron to Alumina ratio for the
Deccan Mining Lease area is 0.05.The ore are in general is rich in iron
[>58%Fe], but they also contain 1-7% Al2O3 and the ore deposits normally have
Al2O3 : Fe ratio around 0.05 - 0.08 or more.
4.7.3 Owing to the association of iron bearing minerals more with laterite and clayey
gangue than with siliceous minerals, the alumina to silica ratio is generally
greater than one.
18
5.0.0 METHOD OF RESOURCE ESTIMATION
5.1.0 RESOURCE ESTIMATION BY GEOLOGICAL CROSS-SECTION
5.1.1 Resources have been estimated by geological cross section method. In order
to delineate the ore and non-ore, the grade or threshold value of 45% Fe has
been adopted, thus non ore above and below ore zones has been demarcated.
The rule of gradual change or law of linear function has been applied
[Constantine C. Popoff, 1965] along with the rule of nearest points for
application of influence of half way between successive boreholes.
5.1.2 At threshold cutoff of 45% Fe as stipulated by IBM, the mineralized zone within
the lease hold area and the ore reserves are estimated.
5.1.3 A total of 10 cross sections serially numbered S1 – S1’ to S10-S10’ from west
to east along N40°W – S40°E have been prepared (Plate-V) based on the
interpretation of sub surface borehole qualitative data along with surface
geological data which is perpendicular to general strike of the ore body. A
typical geological cross section is given as Text Plate-2.
5.1.4 50.0 m on either side of the iron ore intersection of the borehole has been
placed under (111), the next 50.0 m under (112) and the rest under (113)
category of UNFC.
5.1.5 Correction factor of 1.15 for Thickness of Iron ore in strike direction has been
applied. Similarly a correction factor of 0.86 has been applied to get true
thickness.
5.1.6 A call factor of 10% reduction has been applied to calculate net geological
reserves.
5.2.0 SHAPE OF THE ORE BODY
5.2.1 The shape of the ore body on the cross section line has been obtained by
interpretation and correlation of the borehole data. Each borehole gives a point
for the location in space of the ore bottom which, in general is shale,
ferruginous shale and BHQ.
5.2.2 The possibility of the ore body being in the nature of ore folded sedimentary
bed, behaving as a stratigraphic unit was considered. The alternative
hypothesis of the ore body, being a leached and replaced portion of some pre-
existing rock, in this case the BHQ, appeared to be more realistic and adopted
for determination of the ore bottom configuration. The ore bottom was out-lined
by joining intersection on adjacent boreholes through smooth lines, though
these lines may cut across the general dip of the formation.
5.2.3 The shape of the non ore consisting essentially of ferruginous shale at times
BHQ has been ascertained by joining the upper limit of the ore zone [>45% Fe]
in adjacent boreholes. However, in certain cases the thickness of non ore zone
19
[< 45% Fe] is negligible, while in other sections it is considerable. Or else, the
iron band / lens are different one.
5.2.4 The intercalation of ferruginous shale, shale and remnant BHQ in the ore body
has been impersistent.
5.2.5 Influence of each cross section has been taken up to half the distance following
“rule of gradual change”. However at the extreme end of the area of exploration
(S1-S1’ & S10-S10’) sectional influence up to buffer zone of mine lease area
(7.5m from mine lease boundary) has been considered.
20
M/s. DECCAN MINING SYNDICATE AREA,KUMARASWAMY RANGE SANDUR SCHIST BELT
TYPICAL GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTION ALONG S-9
1100 1100
N40°W S40°E
DUMP
MDMR-4
1050 DUMP
1050
IRON ORE IRON ORE
LIM.
CLAY IR
ON OR E MDMR-6
11.25 50.89 10.07 11.37
56.29 57.18 4.96 7.71
1000 1000
TD. 35.00m
TD. 77.00m
950 950
TEXT PLATE-2
21
5.3.0 ESTIMATION OF RESERVES / RESOURCES AND GRADE
5.31 After delineating the limit of non ore (45%) and boundaries of different litho-
units, the geometry of the ore body have been demarcated. Thus, the sectional
area or volume has been computed by the software using Autocad.
5.3.2 Ore resource tonnage has been estimated by multiplying the volume with the
tonnage factor of specific gravity of 3.50. The sum has been considered as
geological in-situ resources.
5.3.3 At the back drop of iron ore extraction from the lease hold area over an
average strike length of 600.0m, 210.0m wide and up to the average vertical
depth of 70.0m, allow us to presume that the iron ore zone has wide consistent
continuity. Moreover iron ore has been extracted from Kumaraswamy range
not only by NMDC but also by SMIORE since Independence. However, Dalmia
International has been extracting the ore from NEB range since Independence
only for exploitation. Therefore, UNFC code pertains to economical, feasibility
and geological axis of (111) (112) & (113) have been assigned. The estimates
of reserves and resources at 45% Fe cut off are given in Table -4.
5.3.4 It reveals that the lease area has the extension of about 800m length along the
NNE-SSW with an average width of 295.0m. A total 35.860 m.t. of net
reserves with average grade of 62.51% Fe, 3.91% SiO2 and 3.36% Al2O3 have
been estimated.
5.3.5 However, an attempt has been made to study the behavior of different types of
ores within the ore zone at 45% Fe cut-off along WNW-ESE direction. The
reserves / resources have been estimated with average sectional influence of
105m, 100m and 90.0m over about the strike length of 600.0m (L1-L1’ to L3-
L3’]. Ore types wise reserves has been estimated in general collectively which
stands at 30.280 m.t. with the average grade of 63.16% Fe, 3.32% SiO2 and
3.20% Al2O3 and the details are given in Table-5
5.4.0 RICE RATIO
5.4.1 Fe : SiO2 + Al2O3 is 0.11 for the entire lease hold area [S1-S1’ to S10-S10’].
The Al2O3 : SiO2 ratio is 0.86 and Al2O3 : Fe is 0.05 from the weight percent
recovery of iron, entire ore material be fully utilized.
22
TABLE-4
SECTIONWISE, BOREHOLEWISE, CATEGORYWISE RESERVES / RESOURCES BY CROSS SECTION METHOD
Intersection Average Measured Indicated Inferred

(m) True sectional Measured Indicated Inferred resources resources resources G r a d e
Section Borehole Depth thick. Influence Area Area Area (Tonnes) (Tonnes) (Tonnes) Total
Number Number From To (m) (m) (m) (Sq.m) (Sq.m) (Sq.m) (111) (112) (113) Resources Fe% SiO2% Al2O3%
S-1 MDMR-12 0 63 63 54.55 118 6048.00 5117.80 0 2872495.23 2430697.54 0 5303192.77 64.1 2.31 2.4
S-2 MDM-3 0 52 52 45.03 53 5115.92 4604.96 5685.11 1091353.51 982353.67 1212775.24 3286482.41 65.8 1.47 2.07
S-3 MDMR-9 3 80 77 66.68 54 7922.47 5884.76 9899.52 1721949.57 1279051.72 2151661.54 5152662.83 62.72 5.11 3.05
S-4 MDMR-11 0 70 70 60.62 67 6836.37 5545.48 15658.90 1843598.27 1495476.51 4222813.91 7561888.69 66.29 1.32 1.65
S-5 MDMR-7 0 1 1 0.86 56 60.55 0 7474.77 13647.27 0.00 1684813.45 1698460.72 52.08 22.22 1.76
S-6 MDMR-10 0 65 65 56.29 32 6837.44 5117.54 9878.94 880661.98 659139.58 1272406.83 2812208.38 63.36 4.24 2.17
S-7 MDMR-8 0 17 17 14.72 50 2061.01 3521.39 9363.40 414778.77 708680.54 1884383.59 3007842.89 64.13 3.26 2.38
MDM-2 0 66.7 66.7 57.76 77 6559.77 6003.50 0 2033038.05 1860635.85 0 3893673.90 64.63 2.56 2.8
S-8 MDMR-5 0 7 7 6.06 77 1206.76 2973.79 0 374003.76 921650.63 0 1295654.39 45.32 3.69 14.89
MDMR-4 0 65 65 56.29 77 6233.32 1662.22 0 1931860.37 515164.59 0 2447024.96 57.18 4.96 7.71
S-9 MDMR-6 3 16 13 11.25 77 1702.19 606.31 0 527551.20 187909.91 0 715461.12 50.89 10.07 11.37
S-10 MDM-1 0 59 59 51.09 101 5345.74 1222.93 0 2173178.05 497151.01 0 2670329.06 61.42 3.31 4.78
Total Geological in-situ resources 15878116.02 11537911.55 12428854.56 39844882.12 62.51 3.91 3.36
Net in-situ resources 14290304.42 10384120.39 11185969.10 35860393.91 62.51 3.91 3.36
23
TABLE-5
SECTIONWISE, BOREHOLEWISE, ORE TYPE WISE RESERVES / RESOURCES BY VERTICAL SECTION METHOD
Intersection (m) Average G r a d e

True Measured
Section Borehole Depth sectional Area
Ore Type Thick resources
Number Number From To (m) Influence (Sq.m) Fe% SiO2% Al2O3%
(m) (Tonnes)
(m)
L-1 Lateritic Ore MDMR-11 0.00 3.00 3.00 2.59 105.00 512.3629 188293.37 58.56 5.78 6.29
L-1 Hematitic Ore MDMR-11 3.00 23.00 20.00 17.32 105.00 2324.1905 854140.01 65.82 1.06 2.00
L-1 Blue Dust MDMR-11 23.00 33.00 10.00 8.66 105.00 1469.8033 540152.71 67.95 0.57 0.67
L-1 Blue Dust MDMR-11 51.00 64.00 13.00 11.25 105.00 2323.7497 853978.01 65.63 1.04 1.69
L-1 Shaly Ore MDMR-11 64.00 70.00 6.00 5.19 105.00 1182.0541 434404.88 65.95 0.95 1.93
BH-TOTAL 70.00 4007743.21 66.29 1.32 1.65
L-1 Lateritic Ore MDMR-10 0.00 3.00 3.00 2.59 105.00 1094.7148 402307.69 52.50 1.95 8.54
L-1 Blue Dust MDMR-10 25.00 42.00 17.00 14.72 105.00 2190.1197 804868.99 67.83 0.40 1.39
L-1 Siliceous Ore MDMR-10 58.00 62.00 4.00 3.46 105.00 621.722 228482.84 50.06 26.82 1.11
L-1 Shaly Ore MDMR-10 62.00 65.00 3.00 2.59 105.00 510.4744 187599.34 52.49 23.37 1.08
BH-TOTAL 65.00 3789896.49 63.36 4.24 2.17
L-1 Lateritic Ore MDM-2 0.00 6.00 6.00 5.19 105.00 628.8495 231102.19 53.56 6.79 7.67
L-1 Hematitic Ore MDM-2 6.00 66.70 60.70 52.56 105.00 7094.5288 2607239.33 65.52 2.04 2.46
BH-TOTAL 66.70 2838341.53 64.63 2.56 2.80
24
L-1 Blue Dust MDMR-4 19.00 22.00 3.00 2.59 105.00 399.0059 146634.67 66.45 0.87 1.26
L-1 Soft Laminated Ore MDMR-4 27.00 30.00 3.00 2.59 105.00 309.8427 113867.19 45.04 3.17 18.07
L-1 Shaly Ore MDMR-4 63.00 65.00 2.00 1.73 105.00 286.4935 105286.36 45.65 18.83 11.06
BH-TOTAL 65.00 2354759.34 57.18 4.96 7.71
L-1 Blue Dust MDM-1 13.00 19.00 6.00 5.19 105.00 417.8023 153542.35 65.02 1.53 2.96
L-1 Soft Laminated Ore MDM-1 22.00 26.00 4.00 3.46 105.00 306.4142 112607.22 67.05 0.57 1.70
L-1 Shaly Ore MDM-1 46.00 50.00 4.00 3.46 105.00 322.5148 118524.19 34.51 20.39 17.99
BH-TOTAL 59.00 1917283.77 61.42 3.31 4.78
SECTION-TOTAL 14908024.33 63.16 3.13 3.36
25
Shaly Ore (Ferr.
L-2 Shale) MDM-3 8.00 19.50 11.50 9.96 100.00 1469.4571 514309.99 64.39 2.10 2.25
BH-TOTAL 52.00 4311149.47 65.80 1.47 2.07
L-2 Blue Dust MDMR-8 0.00 4.00 4.00 3.46 100.00 697.1774 244012.09 66.53 0.77 1.48
L-2 Shaly Ore MDMR-8 15.00 17.00 2.00 1.73 100.00 2647.2393 926533.76 65.74 1.22 2.17
BH-TOTAL 17.00 3700301.01 64.13 3.26 2.38
L-2 Shaly Ore MDMR-6 3.00 13.00 10.00 8.66 100.00 1340.1386 469048.51 59.76 11.82 13.34
BH-TOTAL 13.00 1120278.46 50.89 10.07 11.37
SECTION-
TOTAL 9131728.94 63.29 3.25 3.34
L-3 Blue Dust MDMR-12 22.00 46.00 24.00 20.78 90.00 3464.5964 1091347.87 66.18 1.07 1.86
BH-TOTAL 63.00 2706578.12 64.10 2.31 2.40
L-3 Blue Dust MDMR-9 8.00 29.00 21.00 18.18 90.00 1989.3876 626657.09 67.49 0.83 1.32
L-3 Blue Dust MDMR-9 36.00 40.00 4.00 3.46 90.00 560.6981 176619.90 67.98 0.73 1.74
BH-TOTAL 63.00 3410348.63 62.72 5.11 3.05
L-3 Shaly Ore MDMR-5 0.00 7.00 7.00 6.06 90.00 393.0951 123824.96 45.32 3.69 14.89
BH-TOTAL 7.00 123824.96 45.32 3.69 14.89
SECTION-TOTAL 6240751.71 62.97 3.87 3.00
TOTAL 30280504.98 63.16 3.32 3.28
26
6.0.0 RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATION
6.1.0 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
6.1.1 The entire primary sample data and sample data within the ore zone (>45% Fe)
have been subjected to statistical evaluation, the frequency distribution is highly
skewed as could be seen from the Text Plate-2 & 3.
The statistical parameters estimated for primary sample data is as

follows:
No. of Samples Fe SiO2 Al2O3

Mean 58.39 10.26 5.82
Geometric mean 56.21 4.63 3.43
Median 65.03 3.15 2.52
Variance 176.89 188.52 51.19
Standard deviation 13.30 13.73 7.15
Coefficient of variation 0.227 1.33 1.22
Skewness -1.577 1.746 2.131
Kurtosis 4.373 5.167 7.320
Sichel’s “T” estimator 58.90 9.84 5.40
The statistical parameters estimated for primary sample data with in the
orezone is as follows:
No. of Samples Fe SiO2 Al2O3

Mean 62.74 5.02 4.06
Geometric mean 62.19 3.03 2.84
Median 65.73 2.49 2.26
Variance 54.96 43.88 18.398
Standard deviation 7.41 6.62 4.28
Coefficient of variation 0.11 1.31 1.05
Skewness -2.715 2.94 2.33
Kurtosis 8.045 13.26 8.41
27
6.2.0 ACCURACY OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE
6.2.1 Grade: The grade estimates of the deposit are based on the results of core
samples. Each sample undergoes the process of sample preparation and
analysis. Since, sampling and analysis are two complimentary links of quality
estimation chain, the possible source of errors, if any, could be from the bias in
sample preparation and inaccuracies in assaying or both.
6.2.2 Mean: The mean value obtained by statistical method as well as calculated
values for three variables is given below:
Between S1-S10 Fe SiO2 Al2O3
Statistical Method 62.74 5.02 4.06
Calculated 62.51 3.91 3.36
28
Histogram of Primary Sample Assay (Entire Data)
TEXT PLATE-3
29
Histogram of Primary Sample Assay (Zone Data)
TEXT PLATE-4
30
7.0.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1.0 CONCLUSIONS
7.1.1 M/s Deccan Mining Syndicate lease area (ML No.2525) is located on the
southern part of Kumaraswamy range, Sandur schist belt in WNW-ESE
direction. The deposit has about 800m strike length with an average width of
295.0m.
7.1.2 Ore body looks like an elongated lens with the ore body continues beyond 9.73
mRL for another 50-100m depth over about 250.0m strike length from the
north-western boundary. However, in the eastern boundary, the ore body
trends in NNE-SSW direction.
7.1.3 The rocks exposed are typical iron formations with the hematitic ore, blue dust,
clay minerals and silica. Predominant ore mineral is hematite and limonite and
goethite to some extent. The important non ore consists of ferruginous shale
[at times, exceeding 40% Fe] and remnants of bounded hematite quartzite.
7.1.4 Physically, the iron ore ranges from hematitic ore to laminated, powdery, blue
dust. Lateritic ore shaly and siliceous ores have also been noticed.
7.1.5 Based on the geological cross section, the net in-situ reserves of 35.86 m.t. of
iron ore with 62.51% Fe, 3.91% SiO2 and 3.36% Al2O3 at 45% Fe cut off has
been estimated. The overall ratio of SiO2 : Al2O3 is 1:0.86.
7.1.6 Along WNW-ESE direction also, the reserves / resources have been estimated
with average sectional influence of 105m, 100m and 90.0m over about the
strike length of 600.0m (L1-L1’ to L3-L3’). Ore types wise reserves has been
estimated in general collectively which stands at 30.280 m.t. with the average
grade of 63.16% Fe, 3.32% SiO2 and 3.20% Al2O3.
7.2.0 RECOMMENDATION
7.2.1 M/s Deccan Mining Syndicate lease area [ML No.1525] has good potential that
would be amenable to systematic scientific mining. It could further yield for ore
250-300m strike length, ore potential up to 50-75m depth from WNW of MDM-3
and MDMR-11 & 12.
31
References :
1 Document on strategy for Sub group on Iron Jan-2006

exploration exploitation and Ore,Government of
development for Iron India, MOM,
Ore in India.
2 Preliminary appraisal of the K.Ganeshan & R.C. March-1964
Bellary Hospet Iron Ore Vidyarthi, IBM, Nagpur,
Deposits, Bellary Division,
Mysore.
3 Archaean Greenstone belts B.P.Radhakrishna Geological Society of
of South India M.Ramakrishnan India, Bengaluru, 1990
4 Geology of Karnataka BP Radhakrishna Geological Society of
R.Vaidyanathan India
5 Computing reserves of Constantine USBM, 1965
Mineral deposits : Principles C.Popff
and Conventional methods
6 Economic Mineral Deposits Mead L.Jensen & Alan John liley & Sons New
Revised Edition M.Bateman York 1951
7 Economic Evaluation of Sam Huchinson Press
Mineral Property L. Vanlandangham Publishing Co.
Pennsylvania 1983
8 Geo-statistical Ore Reserve M. David Elsevier Scientific
Estimation Publishing Co.
Netherlands, 1977
9 Exploration Report Far Eastern section MECL,
BRH Iron Ore Mine, Sept, 1996
Dist. Bellary, Karnataka
10 Exploration Report Bailadila Iron Ore NMDC, Hyderabad,
Deposit No.4 Andhra Pradesh
11 Exploration Report Rowghat Iron Ore MECL, Dec, 1991
Deposit ‘F’,Block-A
Phase-I, Dist. Bastar,
Madhya Pradesh
12 Exploration Report Chiria Iron Ore Deposit, MECL, March, 1974
Phase-I, Dist.
Singhbhum, Bihar
13 Vison 2020 IBM
14 Mineral Year Book 2012 IBM
15 Special Issue on Iron Ore Journal of Mines, Metals Mar/Apr-2010
Future- Next Decade & Fuels
32
PERSONNEL ASSOCIATED
1. Overall Guidance
Shri S.K. Thakur General Manager (Exploration)
2. Monitoring and Co-ordination

Shri S.K. Thakur General Manager (Exploration)
Shri D.Mohan Sr. Manager(Geology)
3. Physical Execution of work

Shri P.Sekar Sr. Manager(Geology)
Shri Sandeep Sarangi Officer Trainee (Geology)
Shri A.K. Ghosh ASMO
Shri S.N. Dhyani ASMO
H.R.Mallick Sr. Survey &Map Officer
M.Sukumaran Drilling Officer
4. Geological Mapping
Shri B.P. Raturi Sr. Manager(Geology)
Shri S. Satpathy Sr. Geologist
5. Data Processing & Documentation

Dr. S.Kamalakaram Manager (Geology)
Shri J.Narayana Moorthy Sr. Manager (Geology)
6. Chemical Laboratory, MECL, Nagpur

Shri A.L. Kanta Rao Sr. Manager (Lab.)
7. Petrological Laboratory, MECL, Nagpur

Shri Santanu Pal Officer Trainee (Geology)
Dr. Anjani Kumar Sr. Manager (Geology)
8. IT Centre
Shri ADP Rao Sr. Manager (Systems)
Shri B. Umapathy Manager (Geology)
Shri K.K. Kaushik Manager (Geology)
Shri Rahul Mathankar Sr. Programmer(System)
Shri N.C.S. Reddy Jr. Console Operator
33

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GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON

ESTIMATION OF IRON ORE RESOURCES IN RESPECT OF

2 Accessibility The mine lease area is 20 km from Sandur town which

3 Objective i) Detailed topographic survey and contouring

5 Duration of work July-2014 to Septembert-2014.

8 Highest RL in lease area 1085.40m

9 Thickness at 45% Fe cut- Minimum -0.86m (Bh.no. MDMR-7)

11 Logging & Sampling 644.00m & 657 nos.

12 Samples analysed for Fe(%), SiO2 (%), Al203 (%)

13 Average core recovery 85-90%

14 No.of Geological cross- 10

15 Specifications >45% Threshold value

16 Structure The lease area falls on Kumaraswamy range which is

19 Ore body dimension Average Strike length - 800.00m

20 Intercalation Laterite, Shale bands, Ferruginous Clay.

22 Recommendations M/s Deccan Mining Syndicate lease area [ML No.1525]

II Details of Survey particulars of boreholes drilled 1

IIIA Detailed Litholog of boreholes drilled (core drilling) 1-49

IIIB Detailed Litholog and analytical details of boreholes 1-30

IV Details of Concise litholog of boreholes 1-12

V Analytical Results of Primary Samples (Core Drilling] 1-6

VI Contract Agreement 1-10

2 Details of Iron Ore zone Intersected in the Boreholes 16

3 Details of Iron Ore zone Intersected in the Boreholes 17

4 Sectionwise, boreholewise, categorywise reserves / 23

5 Sectionwise, boreholewise, Oretypeywise reserves / 24-25

No. TITLE R.F.

I Location Plan 1 : 200000

II Regional Geological Map 1 : 2000

III Topographic and Geological Map M/S Deccan Mining 1 : 1000

IV Graphic Llithologs with Histograms 1 : 500

V Geological Cross Sections (S-1 - S-1’ to S-10-S-10’) 1 : 1000

VI Geological Vertical Sections (L-1 - L-1’ to L-3 - L-3’) 1 : 1000

LIST OF TEXT PLATES

TEXT TITLE PAGE NO.

1 Iron Ore Deposits of India 6

2 Histogram of Primary Sample Assay (Entire data) 21

3 Typical geological cross section

4 Histogram of Primary Sample Assay 22

5 Histogram of Primary Sample Assay data within ore

1.2.1 M/s DECCAN MINING SYNDICATE LEASE AREA (ML No.2525) is on

1.4.1 Physiography of the area is characterized by two elongated ridges trending

Sl. No Activity Quantity

1.7.3 MECL also gratefully acknowledges the co-operation in execution of exploration

2.1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INDIAN IRON ORE DEPOSITS

Formation Type of Deposits Areas of occurrence

Quarternary Laterite Small occurrences widely

Barakar Mahadeva Ironstone & Siderite Birbhum, Auranga Coalfield

Cuddapah Bijawar, Hematite & Ferruginous, Bijawar, Gwalior, Indore,

Banded Iron Magnetite-Quartzite Guntur, Salem, Tiruchira-

Banded Iron Hematite (massive, Singhbhum, Bonai,

Granites Magnetites (Residual) Jaintia Hills (Assam)

Granodiorites Apatite-Magnetite rock Singhbhum, Mayurbhanj

Basic Ultra basic Titaniferous-vanadiferous Singhbhum, Mayurbhanj

Pre-Cambrians Magnetite SE Karnataka, Mysore

2.2.0 CLASSIFICATION OF IRON ORE DEPOSITS:

A Chiria, Noamundi, Kiriburu, Meghahatuburu, Thakurani, Bolani,

B Bailadila, Dalli, Rajhara, Rowghat, Mahamaya, Aridongri,

C Donimalai, Ramandurg, Kumaraswamy, NEB Range,

D N.Goa, S.Goa, Redi.

E Kudremukh, Bababudan, Kudachadri.

IRON ORE DEPOSITS OF INDIA