Pipelaying example

(p 219 Lecture notes)

• 20” pipe (0.508m inner diam.)

• Submerged weight 920N/m.
Submerge Water Barge Residual Overbend Touchdown Pipe
d Weight Depth Tension Tension 1) Strain Distance 2) Span3)
(N/m) (m) (kN) (kN) (%) (m) (m)
920 1100 2100 1000 0.25 1490 2000

•Vertical force at point of departure from stinger (neglecting

bending effects):
Vt = wL = 920 N / m ⋅ 2000m = 1840kN
•Horizonal force at point of departure from stinger
(neglecting bending effects) = residual tension = effective
1 tension, TEb=1000kN
 Ttop = Vt 2 + TEb2 = 18402 + 10002 = 2094kN

(2100 from FEM analysis)

Tt
R=119M ≈Tt
Vt
ϕ = 56.40
H= TEb
Point of departure

TEb

2
 Approximation by catenary equations

• Suspended length cable equation only:

1/ 2
H ⎧⎪⎛ Dw ⎞ ⎫⎪
2

Lc = ⎨⎜ + 1⎟ − 1⎬
w ⎩⎪⎝ H ⎠ ⎭⎪
1/ 2
1000 ⎧⎪⎛ 1100 ⋅ 0.92 ⎞ ⎫⎪
2

= ⎨⎜ + 1⎟ − 1⎬ = 1781.5m
0.92 ⎪⎩⎝ 1000 ⎠ ⎪⎭ (FEM analysis: 2000m)

• Vertical force:
• Top tension: Vtc = wLc = 0.92 ⋅1781.5 = 1639kN
Ttc = Vtc2 + H c2 = 16392 + 10002 = 1920kN

• Add effect of weight of pipe on stinger

3
 • Touch down distance, (Eq. 7.1):
s = 0, wLc = V
H ⎛V ⎞
x= sinh −1 ⎜ ⎟
w ⎝H⎠
1000 ⎛ 1781.5 ⎞
= sinh −1 ⎜ ⎟ = 1458.1m
0.92 ⎝ 1000 ⎠
• Correction for bending stiffness (on bottom):

EI 2.94 E8
∆x = = = 17.1m
H 1.0 E 6

• Corrected touch down distance: 1458.1+17.1=1475.2m (versus 1490m)

• Catenary departure angle:
⎛ Vc ⎞ ⎛ 1639 ⎞
ϕc = arctg ⎜ ⎟ = arctg ⎜ ⎟ = 58.6
o
(FEM: 56.4o)
⎝H ⎠ ⎝ 1000 ⎠

4
 Effective tension – wall tension

• Effective tension: TEb = 1000kN

• Wall tension: Twb = TEb − p0 A0
π D2 π ⋅ 0.5582
A0 = = = 0.2445m 2
4 4
p0 = −ρgz = −1025 ⋅ 9.81⋅ ( −1100 ) = 11.06 ⋅106 N / m 2
Twb = 1000 − 0.2445 ⋅11.06 ⋅103 = −1704kN

5
 Effective tension w & w/o end cap

•T = V •T = (V2+H2)1/2
•H = 0 •H = TEb

Tw = -p0A0
Tw = H - p0A0

•End cap •No end cap

•No friction •Friction
•(End cap far away – balanced by friction)
6
 Strain in overbend (stinger)
D / 2 0.558 / 2
s= = = 0.0023 Limit: 0.25% ,
R 119
Deformation controlled

Strain in sag bend (cable assumption)

1 w w
= cos 2 ϕ = at bottom
R H H
D / 2 Dw 0.558 ⋅ 0.92
smax = = = = 0.026% Limit: 0.15% ,
R 2H 2000
Force controlled

7
 Horizontal curvature (cable on bottom)

TE
ϕ
r
TE dφ = µ wds
dφ 1 µ w
= =
ds r TE
TE