TRANSPORT PROBLEMS

Lesson 1: Steady State Conduction

2. Determine mean area (Am) of a 25 cm steel pipe whose thickness is 0.475 in and outside diameter
of 12.5 in. Use SI units.

3. Determine mean area (Am) of a 2.5 in. Sch 40 Steel pipe. Length is 1m. Use SI units.

4. Determine mean area (Am) of a spherical furnace whose inside and outside diameters are 15.275 and
28.5 in. respectively. Use SI units.

5. Determine mean area (Am) of a 40 cm frustum of a cone whose diameters are 2.5 and 6.75 ft. Use
SI units.

6. Determine mean area (Am) of a 5 ft. frustum of a square pyramid whose sides are 1.12 and 3.75 ft
respectively. Use SI units.

7. A 3 inch Sch 40 Steel pipe , 15 m long is insulated with 2 cm thick layer of powdered magnesia
followed by a 3 cm thick layer of asbestos. Determine mean area (Am) of the steel, powdered magnesia
and asbestos layer. Use SI units.Refer to p.246 for a similar ex.

8. A fluid at 150oC is flowing through the pipe. What are the interfacial tempertures between the
pipe and the insulations? The outside temp. is 50oC.

k for steel is 45 W/mK, k for mag = 0.4 and for asb, 0.1.

9. (Foust) A chimney brick is shown in the sketch. Heat is transferred from the 3 in. end to the 5
in. end. No heat is lost through the outer sides, because these sides adjoin the other bricks. The
3-in. side is at 800oF because it is exposed to hot gases inside the chimney. The 5-in. side is
exposed to the atmosphere and is at 200oF. The thermal conductivity of the brick is 0.4 BTU/hr
ft2(oF/ft). Calculate the heat loss per hour through the brick.

Lesson 2: Multiple Resistances

1. Slab:2layers T1=200oC T3=50oC

Layer1. x1=2cm k1=0.2W/mK

Layer2. x2=3cm k2=0.4W/mK

Find:a) q/A b) T2

2. Slab: 2 layers T1=200oC T3=50oC

Layer 1. x1=2cm k1=0.2 W/mK

Layer 2. x2=3cm k2=0.25 + 0.002T, k2 in W/mK, T in oC

Find: a) q/A b) T2

3. Given: Insulated 50mm med. wt. Steel pipe

Thickness of insulation = xins=2 cm, kins= 0.25 W/mK

T1=150oC T3=40oC

Find: a) q/meter of pipe b) T2

4.

Given: T1 = 250oC

T2 = 75oC

A2 = A3 = ½ A1 =1m2

k1 = 0.4 W/mK

k2 = 0.8 W/mK

k3 = 0.2 W/mK

Find: q1, q2, q3, Ti’

5. 1. A lamp post structure as shown consists of a vertical solid 25 cm on each side. The vertical
post (Kaolin insulating brick (Note 3)) is surmounted over a frustum of a square pyramid (pine
wood, parallel to grain) with a lower base 50 cm on each side. The vertical solid is 5 m high while
the frustum is 50 cm thick. The upper part of the vertical solid is at 60oC and the lower base of
the frustum is at 25oC. Find:

1.The heat loss through the whole structure.

2.Temperature at the interface between the vertical solid and the frustum.
Assume all lateral surfaces areperfectly insulated.

6. For the composite shown below, find the total thermal

resistance and rate of heat flow of the composite and the
tempearture at the interfaces. The thermal conductivities
are

k1 = k3 = 80W/mK

k2 = 120W/mK,

k4 = 100W/mK and

k5 = 50W/mK.

Lesson 3: Unsteady State Conduction

5.3-5 Cooking a Slab of Meat

A slab of meat 25.4 mm thick originally at a uniform temperature of 10oC is to be cooked from
both sides until the center reaches 121oC in an oven at 177oC. The convection coefficient can be
assumed constant at 25.6 W/m2-K. Neglect any latent heat changes and calculate the time
required. The thermal conductivity is 0.69 W/m-K and the thermal diffusivity 5.85x10-4m2/h. Use
the Heisler Chart.

b. Determine the temperature, 8mm from the center after 30 mins.

5.3-7 Cooling of a Steel Rod

A long steel rod 0.305 m in diameter is initially at a temperature of 588K. It is immersed in an oil
bath maintained at 311K. The surface convective coefficient is 125 W/m2-K. Calculate the -
temperature at the center of the rod after 1 h. The average physical properties of the steel are
k=38 W/m-K and =0.0381m2/h

5.3-9 Temp. of Oranges on Trees During Freezing Weather

In orange-growing areas, the freezing of the oranges on the trees during cold nights is
economically important. If the oranges are initially at a temperature of 21.1oC, calculate the center
temperature of the orange if exposed to air at –3.9oC for 6 h. The oranges are 102 mm in diameter
and the convective coefficient is estimated as 11.4W/m2-K. The thermal conductivity k is 0.431
W/m-K and =4.65x10-4m2/h. Neglect any latent heat effects.

5.3-3 Cooling a Slab of Aluminum

A large piece of aluminum that can be considered a semi-infinite solid initially has a uniform
temperature of 505.4K. The surface is suddenly exposed to an environment at 338.8K with a
surface convection coefficient of 455W/m2-K. Calculate the time in hours for the temperature to
reach 388.8 K at a depth of 25.4 mm. The average physical properties are =0.340m2/h and
k=208W/m-K.

Lesson 4: Convection Applications

1. Liquid Benzene is to be cooled from 60oC to 20oC using water entering at 15o and leaving at
25oC in a double pipe heat exchanger composed of ¾” Sch. 40 and 1.5” Sch. 40 steel pipes.
Entering velocity of liquid benzene is 1.5 m/s. ho=4000W/m2-K hi = 1500W/m2-K. Flow is counter
current. Find:

a)Cooling water rate (Kg/s)

b)Length of heat exchanger

2.