INTRODUCTION

Malaysia is located in the southeast of the Asian continent, therefore this region is often referred to as
Southeast Asia. There are over 28 million inhabitants in the country (January 2012). Malaysia consists
out two parts: Peninsular Malaysia, located between Thailand in the north and Singapore in the south,
and the two provinces Sabah and Sarawak, located on Borneo. We also talk about Peninsular Malaysia
and Borneo. Peninsular Malaysia is located just above the equator and Borneo just beneath it. The large
island Borneo is shared with Indonesia (they call this island Kalimantan) and Brunei. To the north it
borders the Philippines (that still has claims on parts of Borneo) via sea. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur,
a metropolis with over 1.6 million inhabitants in the city center.

Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time. It is measured by measuring the variation
of temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other variables in a given
region over long periods of time. Climate is difference from weather. Climate is the average weather in a
place over many years. While the weather can change in just a few hours, climate takes hundreds,
thousands, even millions of years to change.
On the various climatic elements, temperature, precipitation, vapour pressure, humidity, sky conditions
and wind are the most important because of their far reaching global influences.

Temperature influences the actual amount of water vapour present in the air and thus decides the
moisture carrying capacity of the air. It also influence the rate of evaporation and condensation . As
relative humidity is related to the temperature of the air, it affects the nature and type of cloud
formation and precipitation.

Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in the air. Humidity indicates the likelihood of
precipitation, dew or fog. Higher humidity reduces the effectiveness of sweating in cooling the body by
reducing the rate of evaporation of moisture from the skin. There are three main measurements of
humidity : absolute, relative and specific. Absolute humidity is the water content of air expressed in
gram per cubic meter or grams per kilogram. Specific humidity is the ratio of the mass of water vapour
to the total mass of the moist air parcel. Relative humidity , expressed as a percent, measures the
current absolute humidity relative to the maximum point for that temperature.

Wind affect temperature by transpoting their heat and coldness to the surrounding. The main factors
that affect wind direction and speed are: the pressure gradient force and friction. These factors working
together cause the wind to blow in different directions and at different speeds.

These are the environmental variables that are need to observe in the selected area.