21ST CENTURY – MIDTERMS (1ST SEMESTER)

Region VII - Michael Obenieta

 “Myke’O”
 President of Bathalad
 most creative editor in 2005
o “Iring-Iring sa tingbitay sa Iro” – crabmentality of the Filipinos
o “Kay ang kahilam usa usab ka siloy”
o “Spider Sense”
o “Likhaan” (Specks of Sea)
o “Missing my one true home” – love for family and Arlaine (wife)

Region VIII – Volataire Oyzon

 Stories for children: Sandangaw
 “Gab-I” (Night) – at the end of the day you will be sleeping with yourself. (Idea: There’s
nothing you can trust but only yourself.)
 “Paglaba/Laundry” – heartaches from previous relationship.

Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula) – Emigdio “Mig” Alvarez Enriquez 1925

 Houses of Images
 The Devil Flower
 Two Liberation plays
 “The White Horse of Alih” – Dance of Death

Region X – Ralph Semino Galan

 Discernments
e.g. the fusion of heart and mind in the poems of National Artist for Literature
Edith L. Tiempo, the fifth poetry collection of UST doyenne Ophelia A. Dimalanta, the
feminist nomenclature in Isabel Allende’s
 “From the Major Arcana” – intersemiotic translation of the 22 trump cards of the
Tarot pack.
 Justice
o Phil. Justice System
o Themis – greek goddess of Justice
o Justitia (Lady Justice)

Region XI (Davao Region) – Candy Gourlay

 “Tall Story” – Andi (London)-sexism, Bernardo (Philippines) – Gigantism 8ft tall
 Shine – 13 yo. Rosa (Mirasol) CALM – the rain never stop Ansel95
 Bone Talk

Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN) – Christine F. Godinez – Ortega

 Lanterns in the Sun
 “Mindanao Harvest 1 & 2” – Anthology of poems about the culture of Mindanao

Region XIII (CARAGA REGION) – Tita Lacambra Ayala (Mother of Joey Ayala)
 Sunflower Poems (1960)
 Ordinary Poems (1969)
 Adventures of a Professional Amateur
 Camels and Shapes of Darkness in the Time of Olives
o Estrella Alfon
o Joan Edades
Joey Ayala - Jose Iñigo Homer Lacambra Ayala
 Filipino singer, songwriter and former chairman of the music committee (Brother of
Cynthia Alexander)

SINGLES
o Wala nang tao sa santa filomena
o Walang hanggang paalam
o Karaniwang tao
o Agila
o Tabi po (superstitious beliefs of Filipinos)
o Papel ft. Denise Barbacena and Gloc 9 (2013 Finalist of the PhilPop Song
Festival)
ALBUMS
o Panganay sa Umaga (Firstborn of the Morning)
o Magkabilaan
o Mga Awit ng Tanod-Lupa
o Lumad sa Siyudad
o Organik
o Basta May Saging
o Joey Ayala : RAW
o Encantada
o Parol
o Palay Bigas Kanin
o Sita at Rama

ARMM (Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao) – Steven Patrick James C.

Fernandez “TIBO”
 Autonomous region of the Philippines
 Only region that has its own government
 Country’s only Doctor of Fine Arts
 Leading Philippine artist and scholar
o Ipag
o “Mingming” – First Postmodern
o “Sarimanok” – melodrama – dramatic or literary work to which the plot is
sensational and designed to appeal strongly to the emotions; inspired by the
M’ranao pseudo bird
o “Suhi” – Visayan term for breech delivery

BATANGAS LITERATURE
 the province is proud of its cultural heritage, particularly the literature which reflects
the unique characteristics of Batangueños.

Unique traits:
 nationalism
 religiosity
 positive attitude towards life.
 used to check human flaws in society

CULTURE AND HISTORY – Development

Apolinario Mabini, Marcella Agoncillo, Kalaw, Recto, Apacible

RICH HISTORY OF BATANGAS – “Cradle of Heroes and Nationalists”

 Literature started to grow.
o Characteristics
o Values
 o Ideal
o Aspirations

Batangas Literature – the most noticeable trend in the development of Batangueño literature
is the tremendous shift of interests and emphasis.
 Poems – secular (religion)
 Supernatural/ fantasy – reality or real life based experiences

BATANGAS LITERARY GENRE

 Folk songs – balanced rhyming lines dealing with subjects reflective of the people’s
way of living (e.g. Kumintang – “a song of bravery”)
o Kundiman – a love song for excellence of the Filipinos, the plaintive song which
goes deepest in their hearts, song which brings them untold emotions.
o Balitao – form of vocal music, is also a form of dance music.
o Subli – the famous form of the dance native to Batangas
 Conching Rosal – the first Lady of the Philippine Operatic stage
 Lorenzo Ilustre – famous composer because of his wide array of
religious and liturgical music.
 Ryan Cayabyab
 Ogie Alcasid
 Jovits Baldivino
o Princesa ng Kumintang – tells about the pursuit of a very beautiful woman. In
the song, the woman is adored as one who is beautiful as the rose and whose
love is pure.
 Religious Songs – sung during the last prayers in the Flores de Mayo, praying of the
rosary and offering flowers while singing.
o Luwa (religious songs)
 Town Hymns – the concept of love of country is reflected in certain lines of several
town hymns.
 Poetry – luwa and riddles still abound the province and survive many generations
o Themes: Truth and Wisdom, Religiosity (Strong Faith in God), Positive attitude
towards life
 Proverbs – wise sayings or serious statements derived from common daily
experiences.
 Folk Tales – oldest from of literature
o “Holy Cross of Bauan”
In the miracle of Holy Mediatrix of all Graces (Andal, 2003), the values
of love, simplicity and humility are exemplified and emphasized by the Most
Holy Virgin Mary to the people.
o “Holy Mediatrix of all Graces”

BATANGAS LITERATURE REFLECTING UNIQUE BATANGUENO TRAITS: BRIDGE TO

CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Canonical Filipino Authors

 Philippine Literature
o short stories
o novels
o essays
o poems
o haiku – Japanese poem
Nick Joaquin – Quijano de Manila
 “May Day Eve” 1947 about love in a patriarchal society. It also made use of magic
realism.
Agueda (no choice but to be submissive to Don Badoy) and Don Badoy
(came from powerful family)
Patriarchal Society – the one who rules are man; men are superior than
women

F. Sionel Garcia
 “Waywaya” – pre-hispanic society and the people’s struggle for moral order.

Horacio dela Costa

 “History and Philippine Culture” – about Filipino culture, tradition and beliefs and the
customs.

Stevan Javellana
 “Without Seeing the Dawn” – a story about the life of Filipinos during the Japanese
regime World War II
o Dawn – represents the hopes and desires of Filipinos to be freed from the
Japanese.

Jose Garcia Villa

 Comma poems DOVEGLION (Dove, Eagle, Lion) – about social issues and life of the
Filipinos
 “Footnote to Youth” – youth in today’s generation
o Dodong – he married Teang; his son married Tona also at a young age. (History
repeats itself.)

Carlos P. Romulo
 Pulitzer Prize in Journalism
 “I am a Filipino”
o about the obligation of the Filipinos to the country Philippines
o speaks of the pride and dignity of the Filipino race
o Filipino identity as a product of the fusion of Western culture and eastern
culture.

Francisco Arcellana
 Known for innovating and exploring new literary forms and experimenting with different
techniques in short story writing.
 “The Mats” – Filipino family values
 “Mr. Angeles” – inspector in Mariveles
o Has three daughters that are dead:
o Josefina, Concepcion and Victorina
o Nana Emilia (mother of Mr. Angeles)

N.V.M. Gonzales (Nestor Vicente Madali)

 “Seven Hills Away” – collection of short stories that sketch the daily lives of the Filipino
kaingeros in his hometown province, Mindoro
 “Children of the Ash-covered Loam” – depicts Filipino family practices and beliefs
in a rural setting.

Edith L. Tiempo
 She is known for using intricate and witty representations to portray significant human
experiences.
  Edilberto Tiempo (husband)
 “Bonsai”
 “The Return” – about the life of a person in the old age
 “Lamentation of the Little Fellow” – about the submissive wife to her husband

Virgilio S. Almario
 “High Zoociety” – modernist poetry

Alejandro R. Roces
 “We Filipinos are Mild Drinkers”
o We Filipinos drink only for three reasons:
 when we are sad, happy and for other reasons

Amado V. Hernandez
 “Isang Dipang Langit” – it is about the pains, sufferings and hope of a prisoner.

Waiting by Ron Darvin

 Racism lowers the self-esteem of the people – a form of discrimination
o In the Philippines physical appearance is always a basis in every aspect
 40,000 settlers in Australia
 1% aborigines/ native settlers
 Migrants

Cronulla Beach by Jose Wendell P. Capili

 English, creative writing and Comparative Literature College of Arts and Letters
 The Univesity of Tokyo
 Australian National University
 University of Cambridge

Bienvenido Lumbera “Beny”

 Lipa Batangas, Aprill 11, 1932
o showed natural aptitude for English
o attended UST – Journalism
o 1st book: “Frigid Moon” – first published work before his graduation
“The gap between the well-educated Filipinos and the majority cannot be
bridged until Filipinos becomes their true lingua franca.”
 “A Eulogy of Roaches” – cockroaches; status of being poor and being rich in the
society
o Cockroaches can eat just about anuthing and can survive without food for long
periods of time.
o Cockroaches have walked the earth for hundreds of millions of years
o Get their vitamins from bacteria

LITERARY GENRES

Literature
 Prose: fiction & non fiction
 Poetry

Creative non fiction

 Based on real events/ real life
 Known as literary non-fiction/ narrative non-fiction
  Uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives (simile,
metaphor, symbolism, personification etc.)
o Kinds:
 Autobiography – written account of life of a person by the subject himself
 Essay
 Diary

Digi Fiction “Triple Media Literature”

 e.g Books, movie/video, internet

Doodle Fiction
 Author incorporates doodle drawings and hand written graphics in place of traditional
font
 It is use of doodle drawings to emphasize or enhance the story.

Flash Fiction
 A style of fictional literature or fiction of extreme brevity only a few hundred words long.

Graphic Novels
 Narratives in comic book formats

Illustrated Novels
 A story through text and illustrated images.
o No text at all
o Span all genres
o Textual portions are presented in traditional form

Manga
 Japanese novel for comics; usually follows the traditional style as found in Japan
 Read from right to left
 Considered as artistic storytelling

Chick lit
 Written by women who write for women
 Target are young and single women, especially in their 20’s and 30’s
 Tata Sering is Getting Better – Cosmopolitan, October 2002

Electronic Literature
 It refers to works commonly published and shared on the Web
o Kinds of Electronic Literature:
 Hyperpoetry – a form of digital poetry that uses links using hypertext
mark-up
 Photo poem – this uses real-life images or electronically generated
images as representation of the textual poem.
 Silent comics – these have no verbal dialogues. Dialogues are
presented through symbols.
 Blog – this web site is where a person writes about his or her personal
opinions, activities and experiences.
 Mobile phone textual
 This poem is intended to be shared through the SMS.
 Introduced by Frank G. Rivera - “Makata sa Cellphone”