Problem Set 2

Part 1

1 2 1 2
1. Evaluate the infinite sum    
7 7 2 73 7 4
2
2. The sum of three numbers is 98. The ratio of the first to the second is , and the ratio of
3
5
the second to the third is . Find the second number.
8
3. If tan x  tan y  25 and cot x  cot y  30 find tan  x  y  .
12
4. What is the sum of the solutions to the equation 4 x  ?
7 4 x

5. Nine tiles are numbered 1, 2, 3… 9, respectively. Each of three players randomly selects
and keeps three of the tiles, and sums those three values. The probability that all three
m
players obtain an odd sum is , where m and n are relatively prime positive integers.
n
Find m  n .
6. Let ABCD be a parallelogram. Extend DA through A to a point P, and let PC meet AB at
Q, and DB at R. Given that PQ = 735 and QR = 112, find the length of RC.

7. The workers in Urahara Kisuke’s new factory produce gigais and sensors. For each
product, production time is constant and identical for all workers, but not necessarily
equal for the two products. In one hour, 100 workers can produce 300 gigais and 200
sensors. In two hours, 60 workers can produce 240 portable gigais and 300 sensors. In
three hours, 50 workers can produce 150 gigais and m sensors. Find m.

8. A deck of 40 cards contain 40 1’s, 40 2’s … 40 10’s. A matching pair (two cards with the
same number) is removed from the deck. Given that these cards are not returned to the
m
deck, let be the probability that two randomly selected cards also form a pair, where
n
m and n are relatively prime positive integers. Find m  n .

9. For how many positive integers n less than or equal to 1000 is

n
 sin t  i cos t   sin nt  i cos nt true for all real t?
10. Find the positive integer n such that

1 1 1 1 
arctan  arctan  arctan  arctan 
3 4 5 n 4

11. The number 104 6  468 10  144 15  2006 can be written as a 2  b 3  c 5 ,

where a, b, and c are positive integers. Find abc.

12. The function f defined on the set of ordered pairs of positive integers, satisfies the
following properties:

f  x, x   x,
and  x  y  f  x, y   yf  x, x  y 
f  x, y   f  y, x  ,

Calculate f 14,52 

13. Let u and v be integers satisfying 0  v  u . Let A   u, v  and let B be the reflection of A
across the line y  x . Let C be the reflection of B across the Y – axis, D be the reflection of
C across the X – axis and E be the reflection of D across the Y – axis. The area of
pentagon ABCDE is 451. Find the sum of u and v.

14. Find all integers x and y such that

2 x  3 y  3 y  2  2 x 1

15. A drawer in a darkened room contains 100 red socks, 80 green socks, 60 blue socks, and
40 black socks. A youngster selects socks one at a time from the drawer but is unable to
see the color of the socks drawn. What is the smallest number of socks that must be
selected to guarantee that the selection contains at least 10 pairs?

16. Simplify the expression

sin 4 x  4 cos 2 x  cos 4 x  4 sin 2 x

17. Determine the function f  x  which satisfies all of the following conditions:
i. f  x  is a quadratic function
ii. f  x  2  f  x   x  2
iii. f  2  2
 18. The sides of rectangle ABCD have lengths 10 and 11. An equilateral triangle is drawn so
that no point of the triangle lies outside ABCD. The maximum possible area of such a
triangle can be written in the form p q  r , where p, q, and r are positive integers, and q
is not divisible by the square of any prime number. Find p  q  r .

44

19. Let x 
 n 1
cos n
. What is the greatest integer that does not exceed 100x ?
44
 n 1
sin n

20. It is possible to place positive integers into the 21 vacant squares of the 5  5 square
shown below so that the numbers in each row and column form arithmetic sequences.
Find the number that must occupy the vacant square marked by the asterisk (*).

*
74
186

103

Part 2

1 1
1. Prove that 2  
log 2  log 2

2. Let ABC be a triangle with sides of lengths a, b, and c. Let the bisector of the angle C cut
AB in D (D is a point outside the triangle). Prove that the length of CD is
C
2ab cos
2
a b

3. Jayson and Cy stand on opposite corners (on the squares) of a 4  4 chessboard. Jayson is
telling too many bad jokes, so Cy decides to chase after him. They take turns moving one
square at a time either vertically or horizontally on the board. To catch Jayson, Cy must
land on the square Jayson is on. Prove that:
i. If Jayson moves first, Cy can eventually catch Jayson.
ii. If Cy moves first, Cy can never catch Jayson.