FERTILIZATION

Filza Ahyar (141100217)

Fertilization is an epic tale of one sperm facing tremendous opportunities to unite

with eggs and shape the new human life is the story of all of us during sexual
intercourse about 300 million sperm enter the vagina. Soon afterwards millions of
them will flow out of the vagina or die in the acidic environment, yet many survive
because of the protective elements provided in the surrounding liquid. Furthermore,
sperm must pass through the cervix and open to the uterus usually remains tightly
closed but here the cervix is open for several days while the woman ovulates sperm
is swimming through a thinning Cervical Mucus into a more watery consistency to
ease the journey. Once inside the cervix, sperm continue to swim toward the uterus
even though millions will die to make it through mucus. Some sperm are left behind
the cervical fold, but they can continue the journey as reserve to the first group.
In utero uterine muscle contractions help sperm on their way toward the egg, but
the resident cells of the female immune system mistakenly think that sperm for
foreign invaders destroy thousands of others. Next half the sperm head for an empty
Fallopian Tube while the other half swims toward a Tube containing an unfertilized
egg now only a few thousand are left inside the fallopian Tubes, small cilia push
the egg toward the uterus. To continue the sperm must soar against this movement
to reach the egg some sperm are trapped in cilia and die during this part of the travel
chemicals in the reproductive tract causing the membranes covering the sperm head
to change. As a result, sperm become hyperactive swam harder and faster toward
their destination finally spam reaches the egg only a few dozen of the original 300
million sperm are left. Eggs are covered with a layer of cells called Corona radiata
sperm should push through this layer to reach the outer layer of the Pellucida Zone
egg. When sperm reach the Pellucida Zone, they attach to special sperm receptors
on the surface that triggers their acrosomes to release digestive enzymes allows the
sperm to dig into the layer.
Inside the Pellucida Zone is a space filled with a narrow fluid just outside the egg
membrane The first sperm that make contact will fertilize the egg after a dangerous
journey and against tremendous opportunities, one sperm attaches to the egg cell
membrane. Within minutes, their outer membranes converge and the egg pulls the
sperm into it. This incident causes a change in the egg membrane that prevents other
sperm from sticking into it, furthermore the egg releases a chemical that pushes the
other sperm away from the egg and creates an impregnable membrane of
impregnation. When the reaction spreads out, the Pellucida Zone hardens trapping
sperm that are unlucky enough to be caught inside. Outside the egg, the sperm can
no longer stick to the Zone, Pellucida. Meanwhile in the egg, the dense genetic
material of a man is filled new membranes are formed around the genetic material
creating the male pronucleus.
In the reform of genetic material into 23 chromosomes female genetic material
awakened by a sperm fusion with an egg cell dividing produces a female pronucleus
which also contains 23 chromosomes as a male and female pronucleus. Form spider
web-like threads called Microtubules draw them in the direction of each other two
sets of Chromosomes joined together completing the conception process at this time
appears a unique genetic code directly determines gender, hair color, eye color and
hundreds of other characteristics. This new single cell zygote is the beginning of a
new human and now the Silia and Fallopian Tubes gently sweep the Zygote towards
the uterus, where he will plant in the richer lining of the uterus grow and mature for
the next nine months until ready to give birth.