BUILDING SERVICES – I

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS A BUILDING?
Commercial / Institutional Buildings– Large Size The primary function of
buildings is to provide shelter
 Atostructure that has a roof
its occupants.
ROOF
and walls and stands
permanently in one place.
Group Housing – Medium Size

WALLS

Residential Building – Small Size

Different Function – Different Sizes
Classification Of Buildings
According to National Building code of India 1970, Different classification
(or) types of buildings on the basis of occupancy are,

Group A – Residential Buildings

Group B – Educational Buildings
Group C – Institutional Buildings

Group D – Assembly Buildings

Group E – Business Buildings
Group F – Mercantile Buildings

Group G – Industrial Buildings

Group H – Storage Buildings
Group I – Hazardous Buildings
Group A – Residential Buildings:
•Sleeping accommodation is provided
•Permanently or temporarily dwelling
•With or without cooking or dining or facilities
•Example: apartments, flats, bungalows,
dormitories, private houses, hotels, hostels,
cottages, holiday campus, clubs, motels, etc.,

Group B – Educational Buildings :

•Buildings meant for education
•Nursery to the university
•Example: schools, colleges, universities,
training institutes, etc.
Group C –Institutional Buildings :
•Any building used for the purposes such as
medical, health, recovering health after
illness, physical or mental disease, care of
infants or aged persons, panel detention,
etc.
•Normally provide sleeping accommodation
for the occupants.

Group D –Assembly Buildings :

•Building where groups of people assemble
or gather for amusement, recreation, social,
religious, patriotic or similar purpose,
•Example: theatres, cinema halls, assembly
halls, auditorium, exhibition halls,
museums, gymnasiums, restaurants, places
of worship, passenger stations, public
transportation services, etc.
Group E –Business Buildings :
•Building which is used for purposes such
as transaction of business, keeping of
accounts and records, dispensaries and
clinics, news stands, barber shops, banks,
city halls, etc.,

Group F – Mercantile Buildings :

•Building which is used as shops, stores, market
for sale and display of products or wares either
wholesale or retail.
Group G – Industrial Buildings :
•Building or structure in which products
are fabricated, assembled or
processed.
•Example: laboratories, assembly
plants, laundries, gas plants, power
plants, refineries, diaries, etc.,

Group H – Storage Buildings :

•Building structures which are primarily
used for storage or sheltering of
goods, wares, merchandise, vehicles
or animals.
•Example: ware houses, cold storages,
depots, store houses, truck terminals,
garages, etc.,
Group I – Hazardous Buildings :
•Building structures which are used for the
storage, handling, manufacture of
materials which are liable to burn with
extreme rapidity and prove hazardous to
health, building or building contents.
•Buildings used for storage of gases under
high pressure or for storage and handling
of highly flammable liquids or explosive
materials, explosives, fire works, etc., are
included in this group.
 WHAT IS A BUILDING?
 A structure that has a roof and walls and stands permanently in one place.
 The primary function of buildings is to provide shelter to its occupants.

WHAT ARE SERVICES?

 Building function cannot be limited to provide shelter only.
For examples imagine yourself in your dream house or shopping mall
now take away the lighting, air-conditioning and ventilation, the lifts
and escalators, acoustics, plumbing, power supply and energy
management systems, the security and safety systems...

and you are left with a cold, dark, uninhabitable shell.

How will you feel????

 Basically “BUILDING SERVICES” is what that makes a building

come to life i.e. what makes the building work.
 Building should be designed in such a way to provide an
environment where people can feel comfortable, work, live and
achieve.
 WHAT IS A BUILDING?

 A structure that has a roof and walls and stands permanently in one place.
 The primary function of buildings is to provide shelter to its occupants.

WHAT ARE SERVICES?

 Building function cannot be limited to provide shelter only.
 Basically “BUILDING SERVICES” is what make the building comes to life i.e. what makes the
building work.
 Building should be designed in such a way to provide an environment where people can feel
comfortable, work, live and achieve.

So, Everything inside a building which makes it safe and

comfortable, comes under the title of 'Building services'.

A building must do what it was designed to do - not just provide shelter

but also provide a safe, comfortable & livable environment.

Building services contribute largely to the sustainability & functioning

of the building.
Building services include:

•Energy supply – gas and electricity

•Water supply – supply, drainage
and plumbing
•Heating and ventilating

•Lighting - Day lighting and artificial

lighting
•Escalators and lifts
•Harnessing solar, wind and biomass energy
•Communications, telephones and IT networks
•Security and alarm systems
•Fire detection and protection
•Air conditioning and refrigeration
Classification Of Building Services

Building services are mainly divided into:

Mechanical Systems, Electrical Systems

And
Building Operation System.
They are all very important part of planning, designing and construction of
a building.
Mechanical systems: Brief Introduction

•HVAC Systems:
stands for “heating, ventilating and air-conditioning” and includes a variety of
active mechanical/electrical systems to provide thermal control in buildings
Control of the thermal environment is a key objective for virtually all occupied
buildings. Better thermal comfort will influence occupant health, satisfaction and
productivity.
•Site Drainage: water, drainage, sanitary disposal,
Removal of waste water from kitchens, bathrooms, sinks, soil waste(toilet waste),
storm water management and surface runoff to local sewerage system.

•Gas Supply: cooking gas, commercial gas, oxygen & nitrogen gas in hospitals
Storage, Piping, Pressure Regulation & Supply of gas from its container to
required area.

•Plumbing: water distribution, water treatment, sanitary facilities.

Storage, distribution (piping), sanitary fixtures (taps, WC’s, showers, etc)

•Fire protection: water supply, water sprinklers, fire and smoke detection,
announcement.
Electrical systems : Brief Introduction

•Electrical power:
Normal, standby, emergency power supply and distribution
•Lighting:
Interior, exterior, emergency light.

•Auxiliary:
Telephone, data, audio and video sound

Building operation systems:

•Transportation:
Elevators, escalators, moving walkways/ travelators, parking, etc.
•Processing:
Products, food service, etc.

•Automation:
Environmental controls, management, automated lighting,
automated parking, etc.
Importance Of Building Services
•Building services are indispensable for buildings.
•As an example certain types of building such as department store or
industrial buildings are almost 100% dependent on electrical lighting,
ventilating and air-conditioning and
•High rise buildings rely on vertical transportation and high speed
pressure for water supply.
•The implementation of services demands a considerable amount of
floor and ceiling so proper planning is necessary for their allocation.
What Is The Role Of An Architect ?
•Responsible for the design and planning of the mechanical,
electrical and public health systems required for the safe,
comfortable and environmentally friendly operation of modern
buildings.
•Building should be designed such that it provides better lighting,
comfortable space, temperature and air quality, convenient power
and communication capability, high quality sanitation and reliable
systems for the protection of life and property.
Course Content

Unit-I:
a. Introduction to definition and meaning of “Building Services” and “Service
Infrastructure in relation to various scales of the built environment.
b. Various services required in contemporary buildings and the role of the
architect in providing for these,

Unit-II
a. Introduction to the basic services such as Water Supply, Sewerage and
Electrical Services required in a single storied residential building.

Unit III
a. Details of essential fittings and fixtures required in a single storied residential
building.
Thank You