Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
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Manajemen
¾ Selection
at
b
O
Management Support
¾
Organization
Use Financing Procurement
¾
Information Management
Human Resources
DISPENSING
DUR/DUS
¾
Distribution
Dispensing Process
Receive and
confirm Interpret
and verify
Counsel
and
supply Prepare and
Label
Record and
endorse
Medical Care
RECOGNIZE SOLVE PLAN
PATIENT PROBLEM PATIENT PROBLEM (PRESCRIBE
ANALYSIS “DIAGNOSIS” MEDICINE)
CONSIDER PATIENT
¾ PHARMACEUTICAL
PROBLEMS
INFORMATION
COLLECT &
INTERPRET
¾
(ASSESS)
MONITORING THERAPEUTIC
INFORMATION
¾ OBJECTIVES
THERAPEUTIC PLAN
¾
Therapeutic
DESIGN
Cycle MONITORING PLAN
IMPLEMENT
¾
MONITORING PLAN
(FOLLOW-UP)
¾
IMPLEMENT
THERAPEUTIC PLAN
(DISPENSE, ADVISE)
¾
IMPLEMENT
THERAPEUTIC PLAN
(ADMINISTER/CONSUME)
Pharmaceutical Care
PRICING
Prepare & Label
Tx -Plan Goal
Design Monitoring Plan
PROSES MANAJEMEN
MODEL MANAJEMEN STRATEGIS
PERUMUSAN STRATEGI IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI EVALUASI &
PENGAMAT PENGENDALI
AN AN
LINGKUNG MISI
AN
EKSTERNAL TUJUAN
LINGKUNG
AN SOSIAL
STRATEGI
PROGRAM
LINGKUNG
AN TUGAS
LINGKUNG ANGGARAN
AN
INTERNAL
PROSEDUR
STRUKTUR
BUDAYA
SUMBER
DAYA
KINERJA
FEEDBACK
Definisi
• Indikator adalah sebuah kriteria yang digunakan
untuk mengukur adanya perubahan, baik langsung
maupun tidak langsung, dan untuk menilai
kesesuaian dengan tujuan dan target dari program
yang dilaksanakan (Quick 1997)
• Indikator adalah suatu alat ukur kuantitatif yang
digunakan untuk monitoring, evaluasi dan mengubah
atau meningkatkan mutu pengelolaan obat di suatu
pelayanan kesehatan (Nadzam, 1996)
Evaluasi
• Evaluasi adalah penilaian secara pereodik kemajuan yang
dapat dicapai dari perjalanan program dalam mencapai
tujuan jangka panjang
• Evaluasi adalah proses dimana aktivitas-aktivitas dan
hasil kinerja sesungguhnya dibandingkan dengan kinerja
yang diinginkan.
• Pengukuran kinerja dengan indikator Æ
output
• Selain itu dapat berupa indikator input,
dan proses
Tujuan Evaluasi
• Menentukan nilai keberhasilan
• Membandingkan dengan standar yang
ditetapkan
• Mencari kesenjangan antara target dengan
pencapaian
• Menentukan standar
• Menilai kesesuaian antara keberhasilan
dengan tanggung jawab
Effective
• producing result: causing a result,
especially the desired or intended result
an effective remedy for headaches
Microsoft® Encarta® 2009. © 1993-2008
Microsoft Corporation. All rights
reserved.
INDIKATOR EFEKTIF
• Patient care indicators:
Isi
Akurat,
Relevan dgn situasi,
lengkap,
conciseness (ringkas),
Fokus, terukur
Informasi
Waktu Bentuk
Ada saat diperlukan, Jelas,
up-to-date, Detail,
keseringan, Urut,
lintas waktu multiplatform
Next
Sistem informasi
• Tujuan: menyediakan dan
mensistematikkan informasi untuk
pengendalian semua operasi organisasi
• Aktivitas: mengambil, mengolah,
menyimpan, dan mengkomunikasikan
Next
Contoh Aplikasi Komputer di Apotek
untuk Pendukung Penilaian Indikator
The Final Set of Indicators
Stage of
medicine
No Indicator Standard Value
managem
ent
Availability of Available budget at a time divided by the total fund needed for
%
medicine budget medicines in one year x 100%
Ratio of planning and Total medicine items planned in the beginning of the year : total
ratio
consumption medicine items used at the end of the year
Randomly select 10 medicine items, calculate the percentage of the
Average percentage of
% quantity consumed over quantity planned for each item, calculate
medicine consumed
the average
Frequency of
Take all medicine order forms in the last 1 month, identity the
incomplete medicine x/month
number of mistakes in writing the orders
order
Frequency of delayed Calculate the number of invoices during the last 1 year, check with
hospital medicine x/year the due date of payment, calculate how many are overdue in the
payment respective year
Conformity of records Randomly select 10 medicine items at the time of visit, check the
with physical checks % record with the physical quantity, calculate how many items of the
on medicine quantity 10 are incorrect, x 100%
The total value (Rp) of medicine income in the last 1 year divide by
Turn over ratio x
the total value (Rp) of medicines on stock at the end of the year
Calculation
Indicators Unit Calculation
Percentage of damaged Calculate the value of damaged and expired medicine s (Rp), divided
%
and expired medicine by the total value (Rp) of medicines in stock, x 100 %
Percentage of generic Calculate the number of R/ in generic in the last 1 month, divided by
%
medicine use the total R/ in the respective month, x 100%
Percentage of doctors Interview 10 doctors on the day of visit, calculate the percentage of
%
complaints doctors who are not satisfied with the pharmaceutical services
Percentage of Calculate the number of prescription filled during the last 10 days,
prescription which are % divided by the total number of prescriptions written during the same
not filled period, x 100%
Observe all prescription during the last 10 days, calculate the number
Percentage of non-
% of R/ which is not from the hospital formulary, divided by the total R/
formulary medicines
of the same period, x 100%