BASIC CHEMISTRY

 1. Matter
 (a) states
 (b) physical changes-chemical
 changes
 (c elements---atoms; periodic table
 (d) structure of atoms
 (e) oxidation-reduction
ATOMS

 1. COMPOSITION (sub atomic

particles)
 2. CHARGE
 3. THREE WAYS OF IDENTIFYING
 AN ATOM OR ELEMENT
 4. ISOTOPES (definition); naturally
occurring artifically made;
 5. Combine to form molecules.
MOLECULES & COMPOUNDS

 1. How molecular wt. Is computed.

 2. Definition of a molecule.
 3. Examples:
 (a) calcium chloride
 (b) hydrochloric acid
 (c sucrose
MATTER-ENERGY COMPLEX

 1. Atom
 (a) cloud (b) dumbell (c sphere
 (d) haze
 2. Shells-orbitals-energy levels
 3. Two dimensional representation
 4. Restriction of number of electrons
 each can contain.
MATTER-ENERGY COMPLEX
contd.
 5. Energy Levels (K, L, M, N, O, P, Q )
 6. * OCTET RULE
 7. Electron-Nucleus relationship
 8. Analogy: cliff with steps and rocks
 9. The attracting force of the nucleus
for the electron is inversely proportional
to the distance the electron is from the
nucleus.
MATTER-ENERGY COMPLEX
contd.
 10. Chemical reactions take place
primarily between electrons in the outer
energy levels of separate atoms.
 11. Bonding capacity of atom is
determined by : the number of
electrons in its outer orbit.
 12. Rearrangement of electrons in
outermost energy level (bonding).
CHEMICAL BONDING

 1. Rearrangement involves one of two

possibilities:
 (a) one atom will give up one or more
electrons to the other--ionic bonding
 (b) each atom will share one or more of
its electrons with the other. --covalent
bonding.
 2. Bonding capacity of atoms is
determined by the number of electrons
CHEMICAL BONDING
contd. {Ionic}
 3. Ionic bond (use sodium & chlorine)
 4. Atom is stable when its outer energy
 level is filled with electrons.
 5. Use calcium and chlorine to illustrate
that atoms do not always react in 1-1
ratio.
CHEMICAL BONDING
contd. {Covalent}
 6. Carbon atom
 7. Models: (a) methane (b) paraffin
series (c water (d) methyl alcohol
 (e) carbon dioxide (f) ethylene (g)
acetylene
 8. Ways to present relationships of
shared electrons
CHEMICAL BONDING
contd. {Hydrogen}
 9. Bond angles and the geometry of
molecules.
 10. Hydrogen bond--definition
 11. Polarity of molecules--(use water as
 example)
 FORMATION OF DOUBLE BONDS
 DIATOMIC MOLECULES & RINGS