Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
J A N K I ~ E K U L E a n d JAl%OSLAV U L L M A N N
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences,
Praha
Souhrn
Byl sledovAn vliv rflzn:~eh koneentraci kyseliny giberelov~ (GA) na kli6ni rost-
liny phen]ce, salAtu a ovsa. Kultivace byla provedena v klimatisaSnl komo~e na
Petriho miskAch v Knopov~t ~ivn@m roztoku s p~idAnim GA. V pokusech byla hod-
noccna 6erstvs vg~ha a suw nadzemnich 6Astl a ko~enfi a biometricky zpracovAny
fidaje o jejich d~lce. Byla rovnS~ sledovhna dynamika d@Iky p~irflstkfl nadzemnlch
6Astl a ko~end, jako~ i fidaje o 6erstv@ v~ze a su~in~ u sal~tu. V pokusech byla
zji~tt~na prflkazn& stimulace d@lky nadzenmlch 6Asti ve vhech pou~it3~ch kon-
centracich (0,1--100/~g GA/ml) a prflkaznh inhibice d61ky ko~enfl u koncentraci
1 a~. 100/zg GA/ml.
V3~jimkou b yl oves, u n~ho~ byla zji~t@na stimulace d@lky ko~enfi p~i koncentraci
10/zg GA/ml. (~erstvgLvgLha byla zv3~ena pouze u nadzemnlch 5hsti pw (100 #g
GA/ml) a u salAtu. Stejn~r obraz podAvaji i fldaje o suw ~erstvA vAha i suw
ko~enfl u p~enice a ovsa byla aplikacl GA sni~ena nebo se rlezm@nila. DynamickCi
sledovhnl stimulace nadzemnlch 6~stl vyvolan@ GA u salAtu ukazuje, ~e rozdil,
kter~r je zjiw 5tvrt3~ den, b~hem dalw kultivace prakticky nevzrflstA. V dan~ch
experimentAlnich podmlnkhch je tedy zhkladnl stimulaSni efekt vyvolgm jilt
mezi 3 - - 4 dnem kultivace kli6nich rostlin.
Summa~~
22
T H E I N F L U E N C E OF G I B B E R E L L I C ACID ON G R O W T H 23
Introduction
We used the following varieties in our experiments: wheat, Hodonlnsk~ holice (1956 harvest);
lettuce, Stupick~ kamenA5 (1955 harvest); oats, ~esk:~ ~.lut~ (1956 harvest). The plants were
grown in Petri dishes (14 cm. diameter). N u m b e r of plants in each group: wheat and oats 50
plants of each, lettuce 200 plants. As the basic n u t r i e n t solution we used K n o p ' s solution in dis-
tilled water with A - - Z solution of microelements after Hoagland. We applied GA dissolved in
K n o p ' s solution (with A - - Z solution) in concentrations as given later in the text. We cultivated
the plants in climatic c h a m b e r s at t e m p e r a t u r e s v a r y i n g between 18--25 ~ C (registered by thermo-
graph). Lighting in the c h a m b e r s was by electric bulbs a n d m e r c u r y lamps with a n intensity
of 2000 lux at the level of the Petri dish for 12 hours a day. E v e r y third day we renewed t h e
solutions a n d rinsed the roots with distilled water. At the first exchange of solutions we replaced
the lids of the Petri dishes by three-litre beakers a n d removed the u n g e r m i n a t e d seeds. R e s u l t s
of the experiment were assessed on the t e n t h day. We evaluated the results biometrically for
20 plants by m e a s u r i n g the heights of overground parts (from the grairL to the leaf tips) a n d
the lengths of all roots. We also described the h a b i t u s of the plants. For all plants we determined
fresh a n d dry weights in the usual way. I n experiments where the effect of GA on lettuce was
followed dynamically we proceeded in a similar way. We took specimens at intervals as
given in the tables a n d graphs. We repeated the experiments three times (with the exception
of the experiment for d y n a m i c observation of lettuce after application of GA). Since we obtained
similar results we present only one experiment as a n example.
The authors wish to express their t h a n k s to Miss J. VeverkovA for her technical assistance.
24 J. K R E K U L E a n d J. U L L M A N N
P
Variant
Control O-1/xg 1.0/~g 10.0,ug 100.0/~g
Control 20 220 4403 < 0.01 < 0'01 < 0"01 < 0.01
0.1 ~tg.
GA/ml. 20 267 5343 < 0.01 < 0"01 < 0'01 < 0.Ol
1-0 ~tg.
GA/ml. 20 292 5854 0.01 < 0.01 < 0"01 < 0.05
10.0 g g.
GA/ml. 20 313 6269 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0-Ol N
100.0 ~tg.
GA/ml. 20 287 6113 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.05 N
N = difference n o t significant
P = degree of significance
Results
Variant x (x ~ x)2
Control O.1 #g. 1-0/~g. 10.0 #g. I00.0 ~tg.
0.1 # g.
GA/ml. 2O 346 6916 N N 0.01 < 0.05
1.0 ~ug.
GA/ml. 20 318 6362 < 065 N < 0.05 N
10.0/~g. i
N = difference n o t significant
P ~ degree o f significance
THE INFLUENCE OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON GROWTH 25
30O
'?1
3110
2011
100
'011
1 2 3 4 5 I 2 3 4 5
root growth was not found in a single case. The difference between the 0-1 ,ug
GA/ml. concentration and the control is, however, insignificant. We were
interested to see whether a further reduction i n concentration of GA might
not give rise to a stimulatory effect on the roots. Experiments, the results of
which are not given here in detail, showed t h a t with further reduction of GA
concentration below 0.1 #g./ml. (concentrations 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0001 #g.
GA/ml. were tried) the solutions do lose their inhibitory influence, but on the
other hand in no case did we observe any stimulatory action.
The results of experiments with lettuce, in which we used only one con-
centration (10 #g./ml.), are of a similar character to those with wheat (table 3).
The degree of stimulation of the overground parts and the degree of inhibition
of the roots was, however, considerably higher here. This was also evident
from the habitus of the experimental.plants, which were chlorotic, had very
elongated hypocotyls and markedly extended leaves. The dynamic observation
of growth of overground parts and roots (fig. 3) showed that, in spite of some
fluctuations, the degree of stimulation remains in general steady with a ten-
dency to reduction of differences.
26 J. K R E K U L E and J. ULLMANN
l0/~g. GA]ml. 57"3 206% 19-4 62.5% 54'7 158% 1.69 113%
?vergro_un_ddpart Roots
Length of Length of
Variant overground roots of 1
parts of 1 plant Fresh weight Dry weight Fresh weight Dry weight
plant in'mm. in mm. of 1 plant of 1 plant of 1 plant of 1 plant
[ in rag. in rag. in mg. in mg.
~la~"
50 1~9~ 168~
lS7~o lOO~
19"/%
100~,
100%
40 195%
76?.
,7,
206"/. joo'/.
~ 10(
30 86~
210% 100
10
20
10
ItII
II
J~
4 5 6 9 10 4 6 8 10
Oays =~er ~re~mcn~
Over9round par~s
In table 3 fresh and dry weights for lettuce are recorded. We evaluated the
fresh and dry weights of whole plants. In contrast to wheat we found with
a concentration of 10 #g./ml. a stimulation of both these values. The fresh
weight was stimulated more than the dry. I n experiments recording the dyna-
mics of fresh and dry weight values (with the same concentration) mutual
fluctuation of controls and experimental plants was again evident (fig. 4
and 5). The degree of stimulation (for overground parts and roots) remained
nearly unohanged during the whole course of the experiment. For roots there
is greater inhibition of dry than of fresh weight and the values show consid-
erable deviations.
Results for fresh and dry weights of oats resemble those for wheat (table 4).
28 J. K R E K U L E and J. ULLMANN
30
133%
134~.
i ' 125~
144~. ' ~
1t$~I00
I00~,
IOE
'~ I II I
4
Overground p=rts
$ 6 8 10
,~4
lloots
5 s ~ OSy,.~
r " ~, ,o
kreatrnant
Fig. 4. Dynamic study of the ~verage fresh weight of overground parts and roots of lettuce
following application of GA:
m - - control, ~ GA
0 1 mg/pla,t
4 +5 6 7 8 10 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Overgroundpar~$ RooEs Oays after ~trea{~me~
Fig. 5. Dynamic study of the average dry weight of overground parts and roots of lettuce follow.
ing application of GA.
- - control, LJ'-~- - GA
Diseussion
of air to the plants must ~lso be taken into consideration. These are factors
which affected primarily the quick growing experimental plants (plants after
application of GA).
Referenees
Address: I n L J a n K r e k u l e a n d J a r o s l a v U l l m a n n , p r o m . c h e m . , I n s t i t u t e of B i o l o g y o f t h e
C z e c h o s l o v a k A c a d e m y of Sciences, N a cviSi~ti 2, P r a h a - D e j v i e e .
PealoMe