Vocabulary chapter 1

1. Accreditation- recognition by a professional organization such as AdvancED or the Council for

the Accreditation of Professional Education that an educational institution meets standards.
2. Benchmarks- a description of performances required to meet a standard at an expected level.
3. Bilingual Education- the use of English and the native language of students in instruction to
ensure that students are able to understand the concepts being taught.
4. Cut score- the score determined by the state that must be achieved to pass a test such as the
teacher licensure test.
5. Dispositions- the attitudes, beliefs, and values that teachers hold about students, the subjects
they teach, their colleagues, the parents, and the school.
6. English as a second language (ESL)- and educational program for teaching English language
learners in which instruction is delivered in English.
7. English language learner (ELL)- students and adults who are not native English speakers.
8. Extrinsic rewards- those rewards that are given to students by others. Such rewards are external
to a student’s self-motivation.
9. Field- based supervisors- the teachers or other professional school professionals who provide
support for teacher candidates when they observe and work in schools.
10. Intrinsic rewards- internal satisfaction with one’s performance on tasks such as helping a child
learn rather than external incentives such as salary or prestige.
11. Journals- documents in which teacher candidates record their thoughts about a topic or their
reflections on the teaching of a lesson, student behavior, and other classroom events.
12. Lesson plans- a teacher’s detailed guide for delivering classroom instruction and facilitating
learning.
13. Mentors- experienced teachers who coach and guide new teachers through their first years of
practice.
14. National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS)-the organization that has
developed standards for accomplished teachers and process for determining whether practicing
teachers meet those standards.
15. Out-of-field teachers- educators assigned to teach a subject in which they did not major in
college and for which they have not been licensed.
16. Pedagogy- theory and practice of education and teaching effectively to help students learn.
17. Performance assessments- an assessment that is based on students applying their learning
through accomplishing an activity, which shows that they really have learned the benchmark
and standard.
18. Portfolio- a compilation of works, records, and accomplishments that a student prepares for a
specific purpose in order to demonstrate his or her learnings, performances, and contributions.
19. Profession- a career that requires specialized knowledge and advanced college preparation,
often beyond the baccalaureate.
20. Proficiencies- knowledge, skills, or dispositions that students are expected to acquire to meet a
set of standards.
21. Reflections- thinking about one’s actions and their result of such actions.
22. Rubrics-scoring instrument that indicates criteria for meeting a standard or expectation and the
levels or performance such as inadequate, proficient, and beyond expectations.
23. Standards-based curriculum- a course od study designed to help students meet the proficiencies
identified in standards adopted by a school or state.