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SOLUCIONARIO DE
CALCULO DIFERENCIAL
E INTEGRAL - GRANVILLE
1
Problemas. Pagina 236
1. x 4 dx = x 5 + c
x 4 dx = x 4 + 1 = x5 + c .
4+1 5
2. dx =
x2
x -2.dx
x -2 dx = x -2 + 1 = x -1 = - x -1 = - 1 + c .
-2+1 -1 x
3. x2/3 dx
4. dx
√x
x -1/2.dx = x -1/2 + 1 = x 1/2 = 2x1/2 = 2√x + c .
- 1/2 +1 1/2
5. dx =
3
x
6. 3ay2 dy
7. 2 dt
t2
8. √ax . dx
2
(ax)1/2. dx v = ax Falta (a) para completar,
dv = a.dx el diferencial.
n = 1/2 .
9. dx =
√2x
dx = (2x)-1/2 =
(2x)1/2
v = 2x Falta (2) para completar el diferencial.
dv = 2 dx Se aplica: vn dv = vn+1 + c .
n = -1/2 n+1
(2x)1/2 + c .
10. 3 3t dt .
(3t)1/3 dt .
12. 4x2 - 2√ x dx
3
x
2x2 - 4 √x + c .
13. ( x2 - 2 ) dx .
2 x2
x2 dx - 2 dx = 1 x2 dx - 2 x -2 dx =
2 x2 2
14. √x(3x - 2) dx
x 3
(a + bx)1/2 dx .
4
1 . (a + bx)1/2.bdx = 1 (a + bx)1/2+1 = (a + bx)3/2 = (a + bx)3/2 =
b b 1/2+1 b(3/2) 3b .
2
2(a + bx)3/2 + c .
3b
17. dy .
√a - by
dy = (a - by)-1/2 dy =
(a - by)1/2
- 1 (a - by)-1/2.( - b) dy
b
(2 + x2)2. x dx
5
6
(2t + 3) . t dt
2 1/2
(2t2+3)1/2 + c .
6
x4 + 4x3 + x2 + c .
3 2
23. 4x2 dx .
√x3 + 8
24. 6z dz .
(5 - 3z2)2
(5 - 3z2)-2.6z dz
6
v = (5 - 3z2) A la integral original para que se integre
dv = - 6z solo le falta el signo negativo.
n = -2
29. dy .
(a + by)3
(a + by)-3 dy
1 (a + by)-3.(b)dy
b
30. x dx .
(a + bx2)3
(a + bx2)-3.x dx
2b
1 (a + bx2)-3+1 = (a + bx2)-2 = _ 1 + c.
2b -3+1 (2b)( - 2) 4b(a + bx2)2
31. t2 dt .
(a + bt3)2
(a + bt3)2.t2 dt
8
1 (a+bt3)-2.(3b)t2 dt = (a+bt3)-2+1 = (a+bt3)-1 =
3b 3b(-2+1) 3b(-1)
(a+bt3)-1 = - 1 + c.
-3b 3b(a + bt3)
33. xn-1√a+bxn dx
(a + bxn)1/2. xn-1 dx
34. (2x + 3) dx
√x2 + 3x
35. (x2 + 1) dx .
√x3 + 3x
36. (2 + ln x) dx
x
(2 + ln x). 1 dx
x
10
- 1 (cos2x)2.(-2)sen 2x dx = - (cos2x)2+1 = - (cos2x)3 =
2 2(2+1) 2(3)
- cos32x + c .
6
2 [tg x ]1+1 2 [ tg x ]2
2tg x 1 . sec2 x dx = 2 = 2 =
2 2 2 1+1 2
tg 2 x = [tg 2 x ] + c .
2 2
41. cos ax dx .
√b + sen ax
2√b + sen ax + c .
a
42. sec x 2 dx
1 + tg x
sec2x dx
(1 + tg2x)
(1 + tg x)-2+1 = (1 + tg x)-1 = _ 1 + c.
-2+1 -1 (1 + tg x)
43. dx .
2 + 3x
44. x2 dx .
2 + x3
45. t dt .
a + bt2
46. (2x + 3) dx
x2 + 3x
48. e d .
a + be
1 e (b) d .
b a + be
ln (a + be) + c
b
49. sen x dx .
1 - cos x
ln (1 - cos x) + c .
50. sec2y dy .
a + btg y
51. ( 2x + 3) dx
x+2
2+ -1 = 2- 1 . Sustituyendo en la integral .
x+2 x+2
[ 2 - 1 ] dx = 2 dx - dx = 2x - ln(x + 2) + c .
x+2 x+2
52. x2 + 2 dx
x+1
13
Efectuamos la división: x2 +2 x+1
- x2 - x x-1
-x
+x+2
+2
El resultado es:
(x - 1) + 3 . Sustituyendo en la Integral.
x+1
[ x - 1 + 3 ] dx
x+1
x dx - dx + 3 dx .
x+1
x1+1 - x + 3 ln (x + 1) = x2 - x + 3 ln (x + 1) + c .
1+1 2
53. (x + 4) dx
2x + 3
Efectuamos la división: x + 4 2x + 3
- x - 3/2 1/2 .
- x + 5/2 .
5 .
1 + 5/2 dx
2 2x + 3
1 dx + 5 . 1 (2)dx . v = 2x + 3
2 2 2 2x + 3 dv = 2 dx
1 dx + 5 (2) dx = 1 x + 5 ln (2x + 3) =
2 4 2x + 3 2 4
x + 5 ln (2x + 3) + c .
2 4
54. e 2s ds .
e 2s + 1
14
55. ae + b d
ae - b
Efectuamos la división:
b + ae - b + ae El resultado es :
- b + ae -1 - 1 + 2ae .
+ 2ae - b + ae
-1 + 2 ae d = - d + 2 ae d =
- b + ae - b + ae
- + 2 ln (- b + ae) = 2 ln (ae - b ) - + c .
56. 2x dx .
∛6 - 5x2
(6 - 5x2)-1/3.2x dx
v = (6 - 5x2)
dv = - 10x dx El diferencial esta incompleto, falta (- 5 ) .
n = -1/3 .
- 1 (6 - 5x2)-1/3 (-5)2x dx = - 1 . (6 - 5x2)-1/3+1 = -(6 - 5x2)2/3 =
5 5 -1/3+1 5(2/3)
- 3(6 - 5x2)2/3 + c.
10
57. (x + 3x2) dx
3
x3 dx + 3x2 dx
58. x2 - 4 . dx
x4
Desarrollando: x2 - 4 = x2 - 4 = 1 - 4 .
x4 x4 x4 x2 x4
Sustituyendo en la integral .
[ 1 - 4 ] dx = 1 dx - 4 dx = x -2 dx - 4x -4 dx
x2 x4 x2 x4
15
59. [ √ 5x + 5 ] dx
5 √5
x
1 √5x dx + 5 dx = 1 (5x)1/2 dx + 5 (5x)-1/2 dx.
5 √5x 5
v = 5x v = 5x Completando el diferencial a
dv = 5 dx dv = 5 dx ambas integrales.
n = 1/2 n = - 1/2
1 . (5x)1/2+1 + (5x)-1/2+1 =
25 1/2 + 1 - 1/2+1
2(5x)1/2 { x + 1 } = 2√5.x x + 15 + c .
15 15
60. ∛b y2 dy
61. dt .
t √2t
dt = 1 dt =1 . dt = 1 . t -3/2 dt = t -3/2+1 .
t.t .21/2 21/2 t1+1/2
1/2
√2 t 3/2
√2 √2(- 3/2 + 1)
t -1/2 = t -1/2 = - 2 = - 2 =- 2 + c
√2(-1/2) - √2 √2.t1/2 √2. √t √2t
62. ∛2 - 3x . dx
(2 - 3x)1/3. dx .
63. sen 2 d
√cos 2
(cos 2)-1/2.sen 2 d
(- 1 ) (cos 2)-1/2.(-2)sen 2 d
2
64. e x dx .
√e x - 5
v = (ex - 5) El diferencial esta completo,
(e - 5)
x -1/2
. e dx . dv = ex dx
x
se procede a integrar.
n = - 1/2
(3 + 2x)-1/2. 2 dx
2 √(3 + 2x) + c
66. 3 dx =
2 + 3x
17
3 dx = ln (2 + 3x) + c .
2 + 3x
67. x dx .
√1 - 2x2
(1 - 2x2)-1/2. x dx .
- (1 - 2x2)1/2 = - (1 - 2x2)1/2 + c .
4(1/2) 2
68. t dt .
3t2 + 4
69. √x - 1 2
dx
√x
(√x)2 - 2(√x)( 1 ) + 1 2
. dx = x - 2 + 1 dx
(√x) (√x) x
x dx - 2 dx + dx = x1+1 - 2x + ln x = x2 - 2x + ln x + c .
x 1+1 2
70. [y2 - 1 ]3 . dy
y2
y6 - 3. y2 . y2 + 3. y2 - 1 dy = y6 - 3 y2 + 3 - 1 dy.
y2 y2 . y2 y6 y2 y6
18
y7 - y3 - 3.y -1 + y -5 = y7 - y3 - 3 + 1 + c .
7 5 7 y 5y5
71. sen a d
cos a
v = a Utilizamos la integral:
dv = a d tg v dv = - ln cos v = ln sec v + c .
72. csc2 d .
√(2cot + 3)
2 2 -1/2+1
73. (2x + 5) dx
x2 + 5x +6
(2x + 5) dx = ln (2x + 5) + c .
x2 + 5x + 6
74. (2x + 7) dx
x+3 Dividimos:
2x + 7 x + 3 El resultado es: 2 + 1 .
- 2x - 6 2 x+3
+1
2 + 1 dx .
x+3
2 dx + dx = 2 x + ln (x + 3) + c .
x+3
19
75. (x2 + 2) dx
x+2 Dividimos:
x2 +2 x+2
2
- x - 2x x-2 El resultado es:
- 2x + 2 x-2 + 6 .
+ 2x + 4 x+2
+6
[x - 2 + 6 ] dx = x dx - 2 dx + 6 dx =
x+2 x+2
x2 - 2x + 6 ln (x + 2) + c.
2
x3 + 3x x2 + 1 x + 2x .
- x3 - x x 2
x +1
+ 2x
77. (4x + 3) dx .
∛1 + 3x + 2x2
(1 + 3x + 2x2)-1/3.(4x + 3) dx .
(1 + 3x + 2x2)2/3 = 3 (1 + 3x + 2x2)2/3 + c .
2/3 2
78. (e t + 2) dt
e t + 2t
20
(et + 2) dt = ln (et + 2t) + c .
et + 2t
79. (e x + sen x) dx
√e x - cos x
80. sec 2 tg 2 d
3 sec 2 - 2
( 1 ) ( 6 )sec 2 tg 2 d = 1 . ln (3 sec 2 - 2) =
6 3 sec 2 - 2 6
ln (3 sec 2 - 2) + c .
6
81. sec22t dt .
√5 + 3tg 2t
(5 + 3tg 2t)-1/2.sec22t dt .
21
Problemas. Pagina 241
1. 6 e 3x dx = 2 e 3x + c .
6 e3x dx .
6 ( 1 ) e3x.(3) dx = 2 e3x + c .
3 .
2. e x/n dx = ne x/n + c .
3. dx = - 1 + c .
ex ex
e-x. dx ; { v = - x ; dv = - dx }
4. 10 x dx = 10 x + c .
ln 10
22
10 x dx = 10 x + c .
ln 10
5. any dy = any + c .
n ln a
6. e x dx = 2e x + c .
√x
ex . 1 . 1 . dx =
√x 2
23
Completando el diferencial, antes de integrar :
v = 2x/a v = -2x/a
dv = 2/a dx dv = - 2/a dx
9. x e x2 dx = 1 .e x2 + c .
2
11. e tg sec 2 d .
e tg . sec2 d = e tg + c .
Se aplica: ev dv = ev + c .
13. ax e x dx
´-0
24
v = ax ex Falta (1 + ln a) para completar
dv = {ax.ex + ex. ax.ln a} dx el diferencial, luego se procede
dv = ax.ex{1 + ln a} dx a integrar.
2 2 ln a 2 ln a
e5x. dx + a5x. dx
v = 5x v = 5x
dv = 5 dx dv = 5 dx
Se aplica: ev dv = ev + c .
25
( 1/5) e5x.(5) dx + ( 1/5) a5x.(5) dx
16. 5e ax dx
Se aplica: ev dv = ev + c .
5 1 eax.(a) dx = 5eax + c .
a a
17. 3 dx
ex
3 e -x. dx
Se aplica: ev dv = ev + c .
3( - ) e -x .( - ) dx = -3.e -x = - 3 + c .
ex
18. 4 dt =
√e t
- 8 e- t/2 = - 8 + c .
et /2
19. cax dx
la formula.
20. dx .
42x
4-2x. dx
3
21. x2 e x dx
3
Ordenando: ex . x2 dx
Se aplica: ev. dv = ev + c .
3 3 3
( 1/3) ex .(3) x2 dx = . 1 .ex = ex + c
3 3
22. (e x + 4) dx
ex
23. e x dx
ex - 2
2
24. x (e x + 2) dx
2
{(ex + 2) . x} dx
27
2
ex . x dx + 2 x dx
2 2
(1/2) ex .(2) x dx + 2 x dx = . 1 . e x + 2 . x1+1 =
2 1+1
2 2
ex + 2 . x2 = ex + x2 + c.
2 2 2
25. (e x - 3 ) dx
√x
ex. 1 . dx - 3 dx .
√x √x
2
2 t . t dt
2 2 2
( 1/2) 2 t .(2) t dt = . 1 . 2 t = 2t + c .
2 ln 2 2 ln 2
27. a d
b3
a b-3. d
2
3e- x .2x dx
2 2
3(-) e- x .(-)2x dx = - 3e- x = - 3 + c.
x2
e
29. (e 2x)2 dx
e4 x dx
30. x2 dx
3
ex
3
e - x . x2 dx
3 3
-1 e - x .( - 3) x2 dx = - 1 . e - x = - 1 + c .
x3
3 3 3e
29
Problemas. Paginas 244 y 245
1. cos mx dx = 1 sen mx + c .
m
2. tg bx dx = 1 ln sec bx + c .
b
4. csc v dv = ln tg 1 v + c .
2
ln (csc v - cot v) = ln 1 - cos v = ln 1 - cos v =
sen v sen v sen v
30
ln tg 1 v + c .
2
Por trigonometría :
5. sec 3t tg 3t dt = 1 sec 3t + c .
3
. 1 .{ sec 3t} + c .
3
. 1 .{ - csc ay } = - 1 csc ay + c .
a a
7. csc2 3x dx = - 1 cot 3x + c .
3
v = 3x Completando el diferencial con (3) .
dv = 3 dx Se aplica: csc2 v dv = - cot v + c .
8. cot x dx
2
9. x sec2 x3 = 1 . tg x3 + c .
3
10. dx .
sen2x
11. ds = tg s + c .
cos2 s
sec2 s ds = tg s + c .
Por Trigonometría:
tg . cot = 1 ; tg2 + 1 = sec2 ; cot2 + 1 = csc2 .
Utilizando un artificio matemático : 2 = 1 + 1 .
32
(sec2 - 2 sec tg + tg2 ) d =
(2sec 2 - 2 sec tg - 1 ) d =
Racionalizando: 1 .
1 + cos x
1 . 1 - cos x = 1 - cos x .
1 + cos x 1 - cos x 1 - cos2x
1 - cos x dx = dx - cos x dx =
sen2x sen2x sen2x sen2x
csc x dx - (sen x) . cos x dx =
2 -2
33
15. dx = tg x - sec x + c .
1 + sen x
tg x - sec x + c .
1 + tg x
sec2 x dx = ln(1 + tg x ) + c .
1 + tg x
cos x2 . x dx =
x dx + sen 2x dx =
{v = 2x ; dv = = 2 dx}
x dx + 1 sen 2x .(2) dx = x1+1 + 1 - cos 2x =
2 1+1 2
x2 - cos 2x = 1 x2 - cos 2x + c .
2 2 2
sen x dx = 2 √4 - cos x + c .
(4 - cos x)1/2
22. sec2 d .
√1 + 2tg
sec2 d .
(1 + 2tg )1/2
√(1 + 2tg ) + c .
23. sen 2x dx
3
cot (a - bx) + c .
b
26. sec tg d
2 2
v = /2 . Falta (1/2) para completar el diferencial,
dv = 1/2 . d sec v tg v dv = sec v + c .
- b csc a + c.
a b
28. e x cot e x dx
29. sec2 2 ax dx =
v = 2ax Falta (2a) para completar el diferencial.
dv = 2a dx
30. tg x dx
3
31. dt .
tg 5t
cot 5t dt .
32. d .
sen24
37
dv = 4 d luego se procede a integrar.
33. dy .
cot 7y
tg 7y dy =
1/7* ln cos 7y + c .
34. sen √ x dx
√x
35. dt .
sen2 3t
csc2 3t dt
36. d .
cos 4
sec 4 d .
38
37. a dx .
cos2 bx
a sec2 bx dx =
a sec2bx .(b) dx = a tg bx = a tg bx + c .
b b b
v = 2 v = /2
dv = 2 d dv = 1/2 d
2 sec2 d - d + 2 tg sec } d .
2 tg - + 2 sec + c .
40. ( tg 4s - cot s ) ds .
4
(cot2x - 2 cot x + 1) dx
Pero: 1 + cot2 x = csc2 x , reemplazando en la integral.
(csc2 x - 2 cot x ) dx
(sec2 t - 2 sec t + 1) dt .
sec2 t dt - 2 sec t dt + dt .
tg t - 2 ln (sec t + tg t) + t + c .
dy - 2csc y dy + csc2 y dy .
44. dx .
1 - cos x
Racionalizando: 1 .
(1 - cos x)
45. dx .
1 - sen x
40
Racionalizando:
1 + sen x dx = 1 dx + sen x dx .
cos2 x cos2 x cos2 x
46. sen 2x dx .
3 + cos 2x
47. cos t dt .
√a + b sen t
(a + b sen t)1/2
1 = 2 (a + b sen t)1/2 = 2 √(a + b sen t) + c .
b b b
2
- 1 ln (5 - 4 csc ) + c .
4
49. csc2 x dx .
√3 - cot x
2 √(3 - cot x) + c .
50. √ 5 + 2tg x dx
cos2 x
42
Problemas. Pagina 248 y 249
1. dx .
2
x +9
dx .
x2 + 32
dx = 1 .arc tg x + c .
x2 + 32 3 3
2. dx .
x2 - 4
dx .
x2 - 22
dx = 1 . ln x - 2 = 1 ln x - 2 + c .
x - 22
2
2(2) x+2 4 x+2
3. dy .
√25 - y2
43
v =y El diferencial esta completo. Se aplica:
dv = dy dv = arc sen v + c .
a =5 √a - v
2 2
a
dy = arc sen y + c .
√52 - y2 5
4. ds .
√s2 - 16
ds .
22
√s - 4
v =s El diferencial esta completo.
dv = ds Se aplica: dv = ln { v + √v2 - a2 } + c .
a =4 √v2 - a2
ds = ln { s + √s2 - 16 } + c .
√s - 42
2
5. dx .
9x2 - 4
( 1 ) (3) dx = 1 1 ln 3x - 2 = 1 .ln 3x - 2 + c .
3 (3x)2 - 22 3 2(2) 3x + 2 12 3x + 2
6. dx .
√16 - 9x2
dx .
√42 - (3x)2
7. dx .
9x2 - 1
dx .
2 2
(3x) - 1
dx = 1 . 1 . ln 3x - 1 = 1 ln 3x - 1 + c .
44
(3x)2 - 12 3 1(2) 3x + 1 6 3x + 1
8. dt .
4 - 9t2
dt .
2 - (3t)2
2
( 1 ) (3) dt = 1 . 1 . ln 2 + 3t = 1 .ln 2 + 3t + c .
3 22 - (3t)2 3 2(2) 2 - 3t 12 2 - 3t
9. e x dx
1 + e 2x
ex dx .
1 + (e x)2 v = e x
2
El diferencial esta completo.
dv = e x dx Se aplica: dv = 1 arc tg v + c .
a =1 a 2 + v2 a a
e dx = 1 .arc tg e = arc tg e x + c .
x x
12 + (e x)2 1 1
10. cos d
4 - sen2
cos d .
22 - (sen )2
11. b dx .
a2x2 - c2
b dx .
(ax)2 - c2
45
( 1 )(b) (a) dx = b . 1 . ln ax - c = b . ln ax - c + c .
a (ax)2 - c2 a 2(c) ax + c 2ac ax + c
12. 5x dx .
√1 - x4
5x dx .
√12 - (x2)2
13. ax dx .
x4 + b4
ax dx .
(x2)2 + (b2)2
14. dt .
(t - 2)2 + 9
dt =
(t - 2)2 + 32
1 . arc tg t - 2 + c .
3 3
15. dy .
2 2
√1 + a y
16. du .
√4 - (u + 3)2
du .
2 2
√2 - (u + 3)
du = arc sen u + 3 + c .
√22 - (u + 3)2 2
17. dx .
√9 - 16x2
dx .
2 2
√3 - (4x)
18. dy .
2
√9y + 4
dy .
2 2
√(3y) + 2
ln {3y + √9y2 + 4 } + c
3
19. dt .
4t2 + 25
dt .
(2t)2 + 52
47
v = 2t Falta (2) para completar el diferencial, se aplica:
dv = 2 dt dv = ln {v + √v2 + a2} + c.
a= 5 √v2 + a2
( 1 ) (2)dt = 1 . arc tg 2t + c .
2 (2t)2 + 52 5 5
20. dx .
25x2 - 4
dx .
2 2
(5x) - 2
21. 7 dx .
3 + 7x2
7 dx .
(√3)2 + (√7.x)2
1 arc tg √7.x + c .
√21 √3
22. 3 dy .
9y2 - 16
3 dy .
(3y)2 - 42
3 dy = 1 . ln 3y - 4 = 1 ln 3y - 4 = ln 3y - 4 1/8
+c.
(3y)2 - 42 2(4) 3y + 4 8 3y + 4 3y + 4
48
23. ds .
√4s2 + 5
ds .
√(2s)2 + (√5)2
24. t dt .
√t4 - 4
t dt .
2 2 2
√(t ) - (2)
25. x dx .
√5x2 + 3
(5x2 + 3)-1/2. x dx .
v = 5x2 + 3 Falta (10) para completar el diferencial, se aplica:
dv = 10x dx vn dv = vn+1 + c .
n = -1/2
1 . (5x2 + 3)-1/2.(10) x dx = 1 . (5x2 + 3)-1/2+1 =
10 10 -1/2+1
26. 2е x dx .
√1 - е 2x
2еx dx .
√12 - (еx)2
49
a =1 √a2 - v2 a
27. 6t dt .
8 - 3t2
28. sen .
√4 + cos2
sen d .
√22 + (cos )2
Se aplica: dv = ln {v + √a2 + v2 } + c .
√a2 + v2
29. dx .
m2 + (x + n)2
dx = 1 . arc tg x + n + c
m2 + (x + n)2 m m
30. du .
2
4 - (2u - 1)
du .
22 - (2u - 1)2
50
( 1 ) (2) du = 1 . 1 . ln 2 + (2u - 1) =
2 22 - (2u - 1)2 2 2.2 2 - (2u - 1)
1 . ln 2 + 2u - 1 = 1 . ln 1 + 2u +c.
8 2 - 2u + 1 8 3 - 2u
31. 7x2 dx .
5 - x6
7x2 dx .
(√5)2 - (x3)6
(7. 1 ) (3)x2 dx = 7 . 1 . ln √5 + x3 = 7 . ln √5 + x3 + c
3 (√5)2 - (x3)6 3 2.√5 √5 - x3 6√5 √5 - x3
7 . √5 . ln √5 + x3 = 7 . √5 . ln √5 + x3 =
6 √5. √5 √5 - x3 6.5 √5 - x3
7 . √5 . ln √5 + x3 + c .
30 √5 - x3
51
Problemas. Pagina 250 , 251 y 252.
1. dx .
x2 + 4x + 3
Tendremos:
x2 + 4x + 4 - 1 = (x + 2 )2 - 1 = (x + 2 )2 - 12 .
dv = 1 . ln v - a + c .
v2 - a2 2a v+a
dx = dx .
x2 + 4x + 3 (x + 2 )2 - 12
v = (x + 2 )
dv = dx El diferencial esta completo.
a =1
dx = 1 . ln x + 2 - 1 = 1 ln x + 1 + c .
(x + 2 )2 - 12 2.1 x+2+1 2 x+3
Nota.- Tambien habra casos en que se completa cuadrados a la
cantidad sub-radical.
Este sera el arquetipo, en que se regiran los demas problemas.
2. dx .
2x - x2 - 10
52
- x2 + 2x - 10 = - (x2 - 2x + 10) . 2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
2
dx = - dx .
- [ (x - 1)2 + 32] 2 2
[ (x - 1) + 3 ]
- dx = - 1 arc tg x - 1 + c .
[(x - 1)2 + 32] 3 3
3. 3 dx .
x2 - 8x + 25
8/2 = 4 ; 42 = 16
3 dx .
[(x - 4)2 + 32]
4. dx .
√3x - x - 2
2
3x - x2 - 2 = - x2 + 3x - 2 = - (x2 - 3x + 2) ; 3 ; 3 2 = 9 .
2 2 4
dx .
√ ½ 2 - x - 3/2 2
2x - 3
= arc sen x - 3/2 = arc sen 2 = arc sen (2x - 3) + c .
½ ½
53
5. dv .
2
v - 6v + 5
v2 - 6v + 5 ; 6 = 3 ; 32 = 9
2
v2 - 6v + 5 = v2 - 6v + 9 - 9 + 5 = (v - 3)2 - 4 = (v - 3)2 - 22 =
dv = 1 . ln v - 3 - 2 = 1 . ln v - 5 +c.
(v - 3)2 - 22 2.2 v-3+2 4 v-1
6. dx .
2x2 - 2x + 1
2x2 - 2x + 1 = 2(x2 - x + 1 ) ; 1 ; 1 2 = 1 .
2 2 2 4
2(x2 - x + 1 - 1 + 1 ) = 2{ (x - 1 )2 - 1 + 1 } = 2{(x - 1 )2 - 1 + 2 }
4 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 4
dx = 1. dx =
2{(x - 1 )2 + 12 } 2 {(x - 1 )2 + 12 }
2 22 2 22
1.1 dx = 1 . 2 .arc tg 2 =
2 1 {(x - 1 )2 + 12 } 2 1 .
2 2 22 2
2x - 1
2 arc tg 2 = arc tg (2x - 1) + c .
2 1 .
7. dx .
√15 + 2x - x2
54
15 + 2x - x2 = - x2 + 2x + 15 = - (x2 - 2x - 15 ) ; 2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
2
dx = dx =
√15 + 2x - x2 √{42 - (x - 1)2}
arc sen x - 1 + c .
4
8. dx .
x2 + 2x
dx .
{(x + 1)2 - 12}
dx = 1 ln x + 1 - 1 = 1 ln x +c.
{(x + 1)2 - 12} 2.1 x+1+1 2 x+2
9. dx .
4x - x2
4x - x2 = - x2 + 4x = - (x2 - 4x)
4 = 2 ; 22 = 4
2
{22 - (x - 2)2}
dx .
{22 - (x - 2)2}
55
1 ln 2 + x - 2 = 1 ln x = 1 ln x + c .
2.2 2 - (x - 2) 4 2-x+2 4 4-x
10. dx .
√2x - x 2
2x - x2 = - x2 + 2x = - (x2 - 2x ) ; 2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
2
11. ds .
2
√2as + s
2as + s2 = s2 + 2as . 2a = a ; a2 = a2
2
ds .
√{(s + a) - a }
2 2
12. dy .
2
y + 3y + 1
y2 + 3y + 1 . 3 ; 32= 9 .
2 2 4
y2 + 3y + 9 - 9 + 1 = {( y + 3 )2 - 9 + 4 } = {( y + 3 )2 - 5 }
4 4 2 4 4 2 4
{( y + 3 )2 - √5 2} = {( y + 3 )2 - √5 2}
2 √4 2 2
56
y+ 3 - √5 2y + 3 - √5 .
. 1 . ln 2 2 = 1 ln 2 =
2.√5 y + 3 + √5 √5 2y + 3 + √5 .
2 2 2 2 .
1 ln 2y + 3 - √ 5 + c .
√5 2y + 3 + √5
13. dy .
2
1+x+x
1 + x + x2 = x2 + x + 1 . 1 ; 1 2
= 1 .
2 2 4
dy =
(x + ½)2 + (√3/2)2 .
x+1 .
dy = 1 arc tg 2 =
2
(x + ½) + (√3/2)2 √3 . √3 .
2 2
2x + 1 .
2 arc tg 2 = 2 arc tg 2x + 1 + c
√3 √3 √3 √3 .
14. dx .
√1 + x + x 2
1 + x + x2 = x2 + x + 1 . 1 ; 1 2 = 1 .
2 2 4
(x + ½)2 + √3 2
= (x +½)2 + √3 2
= (x + ½)2 + (√3/2)2
√4 2
dx .
√{(x + ½) + (√3/2) }
2 2
ln {x + ½ + √(1 + x + x2)} + c .
15. dx .
4x2 + 4x + 5
4x2 + 4x + 5 = 4(x2 + x + 5 ) . 1 ; 12 = 1 .
4 2 22 4
4(x2 + x + 1 - 1 + 5 ) = 4(x2 + x + 1 + 4 ) =
4 4 4 4 4
4{(x + ½)2 + 1 } = 4 {(x + ½)2 + 12 }.
1 dx .
4 {(x + 1 )2 + 12}.
2
16. dx .
2
3x - 2x + 4
2 .
2 2
3x - 2x + 4 = 3(x - 2/3x + 4/3). 3 = 2= 1 ; 1 2 = 1 .
2 6 3 3 9
1
dx = 1 dx .
{3(x - 1/3)2 + (√11/3)2} 3 (x - 1/3)2 + (√11/3)2
x-1 3x - 1 .
1 . 1 . arc tg 3 = 1 arc tg 3 =
58
3 √11 √11 √11 √11 . .
3 3 3 .
1 . arc tg 3x - 1 + c .
√11 √11 .
17. dx .
√2 - 3x - 4x 2
¾ = ⅜ ; (⅜)2 = 9/64
2
dx = dx =
2
√{4[(√41/8) - (x + ⅜) ]}
2
√4 . √[(√41/8)2 - (x + ⅜)2]
dx = 1 dx =
8x + 3 .
8
1 arc sen 8x + 3 + c .
2 √41
18. dx .
2
x + 2x + 10
x2 + 2x + 10 , 2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
x2 + 2x + 1 - 1 + 10 = (x + 1)2 - 1 + 10 = (x + 1)2 + 9 =
dx .
2 2
(x + 1) + 3
dx = 1 arc tg x + 1 + c .
(x + 1)2 + 32 3 3
19. dx .
2
x + 2x - 3
x2 + 2x - 3 . 2/2 = 1; 12 = 1
x2 + 2x - 3 = x2 + 2x + 1 - 1 - 3 = (x + 1)2 - 4 = (x + 1)2 - 22
dx .
(x + 1)2 - 22
v =x + 1 El diferencial esta completo, se aplica:
dv = dx dv = 1 ln v - a + c .
a =2 v2 - a2 2a v+a
1 ln x + 1 - 2 = 1 ln x - 1 + c .
2.2 x+1+2 4 x+3
20. dy .
2
3 - 2y - y
3 - 2y - y2 = - y2 - 2y + 3 = - (y2 + 2y - 3 ) .
2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
dy .
{22 - (y + 1 )2}
El diferencial esta completo, se aplica:
v =y + 1 dv = 1 ln a + v + c .
dv = dy a2 - v2 2a a-v
a =2
1 ln 2+y+1 = 1 ln 3 + y = 1 ln 3 + y + c .
2(2) 2 - (y + 1) 4 2-y-1 4 1-y
21. 3 du .
√5 - 4u - u 2
5 - 4u - u2 = - u2 - 4u + 5 = - (u2 + 4u - 5) .
4/2 = 2 ; 22 = 4
{- (u2 + 4u + 4 - 4 - 5)} = {- (u + 2 )2 - 4 - 5} = {- (u + 2 )2 - 9}
22. 5 dx .
√x + 2x + 5
2
x2 + 2x + 5 . 2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
x2 + 2x + 1 - 1 + 5 = (x + 1)2 - 1 + 5 = (x + 1)2 + 4 .
5 dx .
√(x + 1)2 + 22
v =x + 1 El diferencial esta completo, se aplica:
dv = dx dv = ln ( v + √v2 + a2) + c .
a =2 √v2 + a2
23. dx .
√x2 + 4x + 3
x2 + 4x + 3 . 4/2 = 2 ; 22 = 4
x2 + 4x + 4 - 4 + 3 = (x + 2)2 - 4 + 3 = (x + 2)2 - 1 .
24. dx .
√x + 2x
2
x2 + 2x . 2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
dx .
√(x + 1) - 1
2 2
61
v= x+1 El diferencial esta completo, se aplica:
dv = dx dv = ln [v + √(v2 - a2) ] + c .
a =1 √v2 - a2
25. dt .
√3t - 2t2
dt = dt =
√{2[(¾)2 - (t - ¾)2]} √(2).√[( ¾)2 - (t - ¾)2]
1 dt .
√2 √[(¾)2 - (t - ¾)2]
(4t - 3)
1 arc sen t - ¾ = 1 arc sen 4 = 1 arc sen 4t - 3 + c .
√2 ¾ √2 3 √2 3
4
26. dx .
x2 - 4x + 5
x2 - 4x + 5 . 4/2 = 2 ; 22 = 4
x2 - 4x + 5 = x2 - 4x + 4 - 4 + 5 = (x - 2)2 - 4 + 5 =
1 arc tg x - 2 = arc tg (x - 2) + c .
1 1
27. dx .
2 + 2x - x2
2 + 2x - x2 = - x2 + 2x + 2 = - (x2 - 2x - 2) .
62
2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
dx .
(√3)2 - (x - 1)2
1 ln √3 + x - 1 = 1 ln √ 3 + x - 1 + c .
2√3 √3 - (x - 1) 2√3 √3 - x + 1
28. dr .
2
r - 2r - 3
r2 - 2r - 3 . 2 =1 ; 12 = 1
2
r2 - 2r - 3 = r2 - 2r + 1 - 1 - 3 = (r - 1)2 - 1 - 3 = (r - 1)2 - 4 = (r - 1)2 - 22
Sustituyendo este valor en la integral. dr .
(r - 1)2 - 22
1 . ln r - 1 - 2 = 1 ln r - 3 + c .
2.2 r-1+2 4 r+1
29. 4 dx .
√x2 - 4x + 13
x2 - 4x + 13 . 4/2 = 2 ; 22 = 4
x2 - 4x + 13 = x2 - 4x + 4 - 4 + 13 = (x + 2 )2 - 4 + 13 =
4 dx .
√(x + 2 )2 + 32
v =x + 2 El diferencial esta completo, se aplica:
dv = dx dv = ln [ v + √v + a ] + c .
2 2
a =3 √v + a
2 2
ln {x + 2 + √[(x + 2 )2 + 32]} + c .
30. dz .
√3 + 2z - z2
3 + 2z - z2 = - z2 + 2z + 3 = - (z2 - 2z - 3) . 2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
63
{-(z2 - 2z - 3)} = {-(z2 - 2z + 1 - 1 - 3)} = {-[(z - 1)2 - 1 - 3]} =
dz .
√2 - (z - 1)
2 2
arc sen z - 1 + c .
2
31. dv .
√v2 - 8v + 15
v2 - 8v + 15 . 8/2 = 4 ; 42 = 16
v2 - 8v + 16 - 16 + 15 = (v - 4)2 - 16 + 15 = (v - 4)2 - 1 =
dv .
√(v - 4)2 - 12
32. x dx .
4 2
x -x -1
4
(x2)2 - x2 - 1 = (x2)2 - x2 + ¼ - ¼ - 1 = (x2 - ½)2 - ¼ - 1 =
(x2 - ½)2 - 5/4 = (x2 - ½)2 - (√5/√4)2 = (x2 - ½)2 - (√5/2)2 =
x dx .
(x2 - ½)2 - (√5/2)2
1 (2) x dx .
2 (x2 - ½)2 - (√5/2)2
64
x2 - 1 - √5 2x2 - 1 - √5 .
1 . 1 . ln 2 2 = 1 . ln 2 =
2 2 . √5 x2 - 1 + √5 2√5 2x2 - 1 + √5 .
2 2 2 2 .
1 . √5 . ln 2x2 - 1 - √5 = √ 5 . ln 2x2 - 1 - √ 5 + c .
2√5.√5 2x2 - 1 + √5 10 2x2 - 1 + √5
33. dt .
√1 - t - 2t 2
½ = ¼ ; ( ¼ )2= 1/16
2
dt = dt = 1 dt .
√{2[ (¾)2 - (t + ¼)2]} √2 √[( ¾)2 - (t + ¼)2] √2 √[( ¾)2 - (t + ¼)2]
4t + 1 .
1 arc sen t + ¼ = 1. √2 arc sen 4 = √ 2 arc sen 4t + 1 + c .
√2 ¾ √2.√2 3 2 3
4 .
34. dx .
3x2 + 4x + 1
dx = dx = 1 dx =
2
3x + 4x + 1 3{(x + 2/3) - (1/3) } 3 (x + 2/3)2 - (1/3)2
2 2
65
dv = dx dv = 1 . ln v - a + c .
a = 1/3 v2 - a2 2a v+a
3x + 1 .
3 3 3 .
1 ln 3x + 1 = ln 3x + 1 1/2 + c .
2 3x + 3 3x + 3
35. dw .
2w2 + 2w + 1
dw = 1 dw .
{2[(w + ½)2 + ( ½ )2]} 2
2 (w + ½) + ( ½ ) 2
2w + 1 .
1 . 1 arc tg w + ½ = 1 arc tg 2 =
2 ½ ½ 2 1 .
2 2 .
arc tg (2w + 1) + c .
36. x2 dx .
9x - 3x3 - 1
6
Pero: m = x3 , sustituyendo :
66
{9[(m - 1/6)2 - (√5/6)2]} = {9[(x3 - 1/6)2 - (√5/6)2]} .
x2 dx = 1 x2 dx =
{9[(x3 - 1/6)2 - (√5/6)2]} 9 [(x3 - 1/6)2 - (√5/6)2]}
1.1 (3)x2 dx =
9 3 (x - 1/6)2 - (√5/6)2
3
6x3 - 1 - √5 .
3
1 . 1 ln x - 1/6 - √5/6 = 1 ln 6 .
1 ln 6x3 - 1 - √5 = 1 . √5 ln 6x3 - 1 - √5 =
9 √5 6x3 - 1 + √5 9√5.√5 6x3 - 1 + √5
√5 ln 6x3 - 1 - √5 = √ 5 ln 6x3 - 1 - √ 5 + c .
9.5 6x3 - 1 + √5 45 6x3 - 1 + √5
d √5 . ln 6x3 - 1 - √5 = √5 . d ln 6x3 - 1 - √5 .
dx 45 6x3 - 1 + √5 45 dx 6x3 - 1 + √5
√5 1 . d 6x3 - 1 - √5 .
3
45 6x - 1 - √5 dx 6x3 - 1 + √5
3
6x - 1 + √5
√5 . 36.√5. x2 = 36 . 5 . x2 .
45 (6x - 1 - √5) (6x3 - 1 + √5 )
3
45(6x - 1 - √5 )(6x3 - 1 + √5 )
3
180 x2 = 4 x2 .
45 {(6x - 1) - (√5 )} {(6x3 - 1) + (√5)}
3
(6x - 1)2 - (√5)2
3
4x2 = 4 x2 = 4 x2 .
36x - 12x3 + 1 - 5
6
36x - 12x3 - 4
6
4(9x - 3x3 - 1)
6
x2 .
(9x - 3x3 - 1)
6
d x2 = d x2 dx .
dx 9x - 3x3 - 1
6
9x - 3x3 - 1
6
37. dt .
2
15 + 4t - t
dt .
(√19)2 - (t - 2)2
√19 ln √19 + t - 2 = √ 19 ln √ 19 + t - 2 + c .
2.19 √19 - t + 2 38 √19 - t + 2
38. dx .
√9x2 + 12x + 8
dx = dx =
√9(x + 2/3)2 + (2/3)2 √9.√(x + 2/3)2 + (2/3)2
1 dx .
3 √(x + 2/3)2 + (2/3)2
a = 2/3 √v2 + a2
39. dx .
√4x2 - 12x + 7
dx = dx =
√{4[(x - 3/2)2 - (√2/2)2]} √4. √[(x - 3/2)2 - (√2/2)2]
1 dx =
2 √(x - 3/2)2 - (√2/2)2
a = √2/2 √v - a
2 2
69
Verificar las siguientes Integraciones:
7 + 14 = 7 + 14 ; 1 + 2x = 1 + 2x .
3 + 4 3+4 3+4 1 + x2 1+x 2
1 + x2
2. ( 2x + 1) dx .
√x2 - 1
2x + dx .
√x2 - 1 √x2 - 1
2x dx + dx = (x2 - 1)-1/2. 2x dx + dx =
(x2 - 1)1/2 √x2 - 12 √x2 - 12
3. (x - 1) dx .
√1 - x2
x dx - dx = (1 - x2)-1/2. x dx - dx .
√1 - x2 √1 - x2 √1 - x2
70
v = 1 - x2 1ra integral. Falta (-2) para completar el diferencial.
dv = - 2x Se aplica: vn dv = vn+1 + c .
n = -1/2 n+1
(- 1 ) (1 - x2)-1/2.(-2) x dx - dx .
2 √12 - x2
4. (3x - 1) dx .
(x2 + 9)
3x dx - dx = 3x dx - dx .
(x2 + 9) (x2 + 9) (x2 + 32) (x2 + 32)
5. (3s - 2) ds .
√9 - s2
3s - 2 ds = 3s - 2 ds =
√9 - s2 √9 - s2 (9 - s2)1/2 √32 - s2
3(9 - s2)-1/2.sds - 2 ds .
√32 - s2
71
-3 .(9 - s2)-1/2+1 - 2 arc sen s = - 3 . (9 - s2)1/2 - 2arc sen s =
2 -1/2+1 3 2 1/2 3
6. (x + 3) dx .
√x2 + 4
x dx + 3 dx = x dx + 3 dx =
2 1/2
√x2 + 4 √x2 + 4 (x + 4) √x2 + 22
(x2 + 4)-1/2 . x dx + 3 dx =
√x2 + 22
a =2 √v + a
2 2
7. (2x - 5) dx .
3x2 - 2
2x dx - 5dx = 2x dx - 5 dx =
3x2 - 2 3x2 - 2 3x2 - 2 3 x2 - 2 .
2x dx - 5 . 1 . dx =
3x2 - 2 3 (x)2 - √2 2
√3
v =x 2da integral.
72
dv = dx Esta completo el diferencial.
a = √2 Se aplica: dv = 1 ln { v - a } + c .
√3 v2 - a2 2a v+a
= ( 1 ) 2(3) x dx - 5 dx =
2 2 2
3 3x - 2 3 (x) - √2
√3
x - √2 .
1 . ln (3x2 - 2) - 5 . 1 . ln √3 = .
3 3 2. √2 x + √2 .
√3 √3
x - √2 . √3 .
1 . ln (3x2 - 2) - 5√3 . ln √3 . √3 =
3 6. √2 x + √2 . √3
√3 . √3
x - √6
1 . ln (3x2 - 2) - 5 .√3 .√2 . ln 3 =
3 6 . √2 .√2 x + √6
3
3x - √6
2
1 . ln (3x - 2) - 5 .√6 . ln 3 = .
3 6.2 3x + √6 .
3
1 . ln (3x2 - 2) - 5 √ 6 . ln 3x - √ 6 + c .
3 12 3x + √6
8. (5t - 1) dt .
√3t2 - 9
5 t dt - dt = 5 t dt - dt =
2 2 1/2
√3t - 9 √[(√3.t)2 - 32] (3t - 9) √[(√3.t)2 - 32]
5 (3t2 - 9)-1/2 . t dt - dt =
√[(√3.t)2 - 32]
a =3 √v - a
2 2
5 . 1 . (3t - 9) .(6) t dt - 1
2 -1/2
√3 dt =
6 √3 √[(√3.t) - 3 ]
2 2
73
Pero :[√(√3.t)2 - 32] = √3t2 - 9 , además ordenando √3.t = t √3
9. (x + 3) dx .
6x - x2
{-(3 - x) + 6} dx = - (3 - x) dx + 6 dx =
6x - x2 6x - x2 6x - x2
- 1 2(3 - x) dx + 6 dx =
2 6x - x2 6x - x2
- (x2 - 6x + 9 - 9) = - {(x - 3)2 - 9 = -{(x - 3)2 - 32}. Este valor se sustituye en la 2da
integral.
- 1 2(3 - x) dx + 6 dx =
2 6x - x2 -{(x - 3)2 - 32}
- 1 2(3 - x) dx + 6 dx =
2 6x - x2 (-){(x - 3)2 - 32}
- 1 ln{6x - x2} - 6 . 1 . ln x - 3 - 3 + c .
2 2 .3 x-3+3
- 1 ln{6x - x2} - 6 . 1 . ln x - 6 + c .
2 6 x
74
- 1 ln{6x - x2} - ln x - 6 + c .
2 x
10. (2x + 5) dx .
x2 + 2x + 5
Descomponiendo: x2 + 2x + 5 . {2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1}
x2 + 2x + 1 - 1 + 5 = x2 + 2x + 1 + 4 = (x + 1)2 + 22 .
(2x + 2) dx + 3 dx = (2x + 2) dx + 3 dx .
2 2 2 2 2
x + 2x + 5 x + 2x + 5 x + 2x + 5 (x + 1) + 2
ln (x2 + 2x + 5) + 3 . 1 .arc tg (x + 1) =
2 2
ln (x2 + 2x + 5) + 3 arc tg (x + 1) + c .
2 2
11. (1 - x) dx .
4x2 - 4x - 3
-1 (8x - 4) dx - 4 dx =
2 2
8 4x - 4x - 3 4 (x - x - 3/4)
75
- 1 (8x - 4) dx - dx .
8 4x2 - 4x - 3 (x2 - x - 3/4)
Integrando:
x- 1 - 2 .
2
- 1 ln(4x - 4x - 3) - 1 ln 2 2 =
8 2.1 x- 1 + 2 .
2 2
2x - 1 - 2 .
- 1 ln(4x2 - 4x - 3) - 1 ln 2 =
8 2 2x - 1 + 2 .
2
.
- 1 ln(4x2 - 4x - 3) + 1 ln 2x - 1 - 2 =
8 8.2 2x - 1 + 2
- 1 ln(4x2 - 4x - 3) + 1 ln 2x - 3 + c .
8 16 2x + 1
12. (3x - 2) dx .
1 - 6x - 9x2
(3x - 2) dx = - (3x - 2) dx =
-(9x2 + 6x - 1) 9x2 + 6x - 1
Suponiendo que:
v = 9x2 + 6x -1; dv = 18x + 6 ;(verdadero diferencial); a :(3x - 2)
lo multiplicamos por (6) ; 6(3x - 2)dx = (18x - 12)dx y al mismo tiempo se le opone
1/6 a la integral.
76
Descomponiendo :
9x2 + 6x - 1 = 9(x2 + 6/9x - 1/9) = 9(x2 + 2/3x - 1/9).Se le extrae la mitad al coeficiente
del 2do término y al al resultado se lo eleva al cuadrado.
Reemplazando este valor en la 2da integral, sumando y restando "6" al númerador, para
obtener los diferenciales.
- 1 (18x + 6) - 18 dx = - 1 18x + 6 dx - 18 dx .
2 2 2
6 9x + 6x - 1 6 9x + 6x - 1 9x + 6x - 1
- 1 (18x + 6)dx + 18 dx .
2 2 2
6 9x + 6x - 1 6 9[(x + 1/3) - (√2/3) ]
- 1 18x dx + 3 dx =
6 9x2 + 6x - 1 9 [(x + 1/3)2 - (√2/3)2]
x + 1 - √2
- 1 ln {9x2 + 6x - 1} + 1 . 1 . ln 3 3 = .
6 3 2. √2 x + 1 + √2 .
3 3 3
3x + 1 - √2
2
- 1 ln {9x + 6x - 1} + . 3 . ln 3 =
6 6. √2 3x + 1 + √2 .
3 .
- 1 ln {9x2 + 6x - 1} + 1 ln 3x + 1 - √2 =
6 2√2 3x + 1 - √2
- 1 ln {9x2 + 6x - 1} + √2 ln 3x + 1 - √2 =
6 2√2.√2 3x + 1 - √2
77
- 1 ln {9x2 + 6x - 1} + √2 ln 3x + 1 - √2 =
6 2.2 3x + 1 - √2
- 1 ln {9x2 + 6x - 1} + √ 2 ln 3x + 1 - √ 2 + c .
6 4 3x + 1 - √2
13. (x + 3) dx .
√x2 + 2x
1 . 2(x + 3) dx = 1 . 2x + 6 dx = 1 . 2x + 2 + 4 dx =
2 √x2 + 2x 2 √x2 + 2x 2 √x2 + 2x
= 1 . (2x + 2) + 4 dx = 1 (2x + 2) + 4 dx =
2 √x2 + 2x 2 √x + 2x
2
√x + 2x
2
1 (2x + 2) + 4 dx =
2 (x2 + 2x)1/2 √(x2 + 2x
x2 + 2x . 2/2 = 1 ; 12= 1 .
1 (2x + 2) + 4 dx =
2 (x2 + 2x)1/2 √(x + 1)2 - 12
1 (x2 + 2x)-1/2 .(2x + 2) dx + 1 . 4 . dx .
2 2 √(x + 1) - 1
2 2
14. (x + 2) dx .
√4x - x2
v = 4x - x2 ; dv = - 2x + 4 .(verdadero diferencial)
{- 2x - 4} ; - 2x - 4 + 4 - 4 = - 2x + 4 - 8 = (- 2x + 4) - 8 .
-1 (-2) x dx = - 1 (-2 x + 6 - 6) dx =
79
2 √27 + 6x - x2 2 √ 27 + 6x - x2
16. (3x + 2) dx .
√19 - 5x + x2
1 2(3x + 2) dx .
2 √19 - 5x + x2
1 (6x + 4) dx = 1 (6x + 4 + 19 - 19)dx =
2 √19 - 5x + x2 2 √19 - 5x + x2
80
2 √19 - 5x + x2 2 √19 - 5x + x2
1 3(2x - 5) dx + 19 dx =
2 √19 - 5x + x 2
2 √19 - 5x + x2
3 (2x - 5) dx + 19 dx .
2 √19 - 5x + x2 2 √19 - 5x + x2
La 1ra integral esta lista para integrarse,el radical sube como
exponente negativo ; en la 2da integral primero completamos con cuadrados la cantidad
sub-radical :19 - 5x + x2 .
x2 - 5x + 19 = x2 - 5x + 19 + 25/4 - 25/4 =
3 (2x - 5) dx + 19 dx .
2 √19 - 5x + x 2
2 √19 - 5x + x 2
3 (19 - 5x + x2)-1/2.(2x - 5) dx + 19 dx .
2 2 {(x - 5/2)2 + (√51/2)2}
17. (3x - 2) dx .
√4x2 - 4x + 5
81
Multiplico y divido para (8) y luego descompongo (-16) en (- 12) y (- 4)
Agrupando términos:
1 . 3(8x - 4) dx - 1 . 4 . dx .
8 √4x2 - 4x + 5 8 √4x2 - 4x + 5
3 √(4x2 - 4x + 5) - 1 ln ( 2x - 1 + √4x2 - 4x + 5 ) + c .
4 4
18. (8x - 3) dx .
√12x - 4x2 - 5
(8x - 12) dx + 9 dx =
√12x - 4x - 5
2
√12x - 4x2 - 5
-(- 8x + 12) dx + 9 dx =
√12x - 4x2 - 5 √12x - 4x2 - 5
- (- 8x + 12) dx + 9 dx .
√12x - 4x2 - 5 √12x - 4x2 - 5
En la 2da integral:
Completamos con cuadrados la cantidad sub-radical:12x - 4x 2 - 5.
22 4 4 .
83
√{22 - ( 2x - 3)2}
a =2 √v - a
2 2
(12x - 4x2 - 5)1/2 + 9 arc sen 2x - 3 = 2(12x - 4x2 - 5)1/2 + 9 arc sen 2x - 3
1/2 2 2 2 2
-------------------------
√ 12 - (2x)2 dx =
v = 2x Falta (2) para completar el diferencial. Se aplica:
dv = 2 dx √a2 - v2 dv = v √a2 - v2 + a2 arc sen v + c .
a =1 2 2 a
√12 + (3x)2 dx =
v = 3x Falta (3) para completar el diferencial, se aplica:
dv = 3 dx √a2 + v2 dv = v √v2 + a2 + a2 ln (v + √v2 + a2 ) + .
a =1 2 2
3. √ x2 - 1 dx = x √x2 - 4 - ln (x + √x2 - 4 ) + c .
4
√ x2 - 4 dx = √ x2 - 4 dx = 1 . √ x2 - 4 dx = 1 . √ x2 - 2 dx
4 √4 2 2
1 . x √ x2 - 4 - 22. ln(x + √ x2 - 4 ) + c
2 2 2
1 . x √ x2 - 4 - 1 . 4 . ln(x + √ x2 - 4 ) + c .
2 2 2 2
x √ x2 - 4 - . 4 . ln(x + √ x2 - 4 ) + c .
4 4 .
85
dv = 3 dx √ a2 - v2 dv = v √ a2 - v2 + a2 arc sen v + c .
a =5 2 2 a
√4x2 + 9 dx = √(2x)2 + 32 dx .
1 . √(2x)2 + 32 .(2) dx =
2
1 √{(√5)2 - (√3.x)2}. √3 dx =
√3
86
1 . √3 x . √5 - 3x2 + 1 . (√5)2 arc sen 3 . x + c.
√3 2 √3 2 5
3 - 2x - x2 = - (x2 + 2x - 3) . 2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1
x + 1 . √3 - 2x - x2 + 22 arc sen x + 1 + c .
2 2 2
x + 1 √3 - 2x - x2 + 4 arc sen x + 1 + c .
2 2 2
x + 1 √3 - 2x - x2 + 2 arc sen x + 1 + c .
2 2
5 - 2x + x2 = (x2 - 2x + 5) . 2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1 .
87
√(x - 1)2 + 22.dx = x - 1 √5 - 2x + x2 + 22 ln ( x - 1 + √5 - 2x + x2)
2 2
x - 1 √5 - 2x + x2 + 4 ln ( x - 1 + √5 - 2x + x2) + c .
2 2
x - 1 √5 - 2x + x2 + 2 ln [x - 1 + √5 - 2x + x2] + c .
2
- x2 + 2x = - (x2 - 2x ) . 2/2 = 1 ; 12 = 1 .
√(2x - 1)2 + 32 . dx .
11. √16 - 9x 2 . dx .
√(4)2 - (3x)2 . dx
√22 + (5x)2 . dx =
13. √ 9x2 - 1 dx .
√ (3x)2 - 12 . dx =
15. √ 5 + 2x2 . dx .
√(√5)2 + (√2.x)2 . dx =
√2
16. √ 5 - 4x - x2 . dx .
90
- x2 - 4x + 5 = - (x2 + 4x - 5) . 4/2 = 2 ; (2)2 = 4
- (x2 + 4x - 5) = - (x2 + 4x + 4 - 5 - 4)
√ 5 - 4x - x2 . dx = √ 32 - (x + 2)2. dx =
17. √ 5 + 2x + x2 . dx =
√5 + 2x + x2 . dx = √ (x + 1)2 + 22 . dx =
x + 1 √5 + 2x + x2 + (2)2 ln{(x + 2) + √5 + 2x + x2 } + c .
2 2
x + 1 √5 + 2x + x2 + 4 ln{(x + 2) + √5 + 2x + x2 } + c .
2 2
x + 1 √ 5 - 4x - x2 + 2 ln{(x + 2) + √5 + 2x + x2 } + c .
2
18. √x2 - 8x + 7 . dx .
19. √4 - 2x - x2 . dx .
20. √x2 - 2x + 8 . dx .
x - 1 √x2 - 2x + 8 + 9 ln {(x - 1) + √ x2 - 2x + 8 } + c .
2 2
--------------------------
Problemas. Páginas 259 y 260
Por trigonometria:
-cos x + (cos x)2+1 = - cos x + (cos x)3 = 1/3 (cos x)3 - cos x + c .
2+1 3
93
3. cos2 sen d .
Haciendo operaciones:
94
{(sen x)-4.cos x - (sen x)-2.cos x} dx =
3 3
- 1/3 (csc x) + (cscx ) = cscx - 1/3 csc x + c .
- 1/5 (cos x)5 + 1/7 (cos x)7 = - 1/5 cos5 x + 1/7 cos7 x + c .
-cos x + 2(cos x)3 - (cos x)5 = - cos x + 2/3 (cos x)3 - 1/5 (cos x)5
3 5
11. sen5 y dy .
√cos y
{[(1 . (cos y)-1/2 - 2(cos y)2.(cos y)-1/2 + (cos y)4.(cos y)-1/2 ].sen y }dy =
(-) (cos y)-1/2.(-) sen y dy - 2(-) (cos y)3/2.(-) sen y dy + (-) (cos y)7/2.(-) sen y dy
-2(cos y)1/2 + 2.(cos y)1/2. 2 (cos y)4/2 - 2(cos y)1/2. 1 .(cos y)8/2 =
5 9
5 9
97
cos4 t .cos t(sen t)-1/3.dt = (cos2 t)2.cos t(sen t)-1/3.dt =
2 8 14
3 (sen t)2/3 - 3 (sen t)2/3. 1 .(sen t)6/3 + 3 (sen t)2/3. 1 .(sen t)12/3 =
2 2 2 2 7
13. sen3 2 . d .
98
½ . sen 2 . (2)d - (- ½) (cos 2)2 .(-2) sen 2 d =
2 6
14. cos3 d .
2
2sen(½ ) - 2 [sen3(½ )] + c
3
100
18. sen5 nx dx
21. cot d
101
√sen
= -2 +c.
√sen
22. sen3 2x dx
∛cos 2x
102
{
-3 (cos 2x)2/3 1 - 1 .(cos 2x)6/3 } = {
-3∛(cos 2x)2 1 - (cos 2x)2 }
4 4 4 2
-3∛(cos 2x)2 {2 - (cos 2x) } -3∛cos
2
=
2
{ }
2x 2 - (cos 2x)2 + c .
4 2 8
v = tg x v =x
dv = sec2 x dx dv = dx
n =1
v = cot x . v= x .
3 3
dv = - 1 .csc2 x . dx dv = 1 dx
3 3 3
n =1
(-3)cot x . - 1 csc2 x .dx - (3)cot x . 1 dx =
3 3 3 3 3
= - 3 cot2 x - 3 ln sen x + c .
2 3 3
(-½) (csc 2x)2 .(-2)csc 2x.cot 2x.dx - (½) csc 2x .cot 2x.(2) dx
104
4. csc4 x dx = - 4 cot3 x - 4 cot x + c .
4 3 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4
- 4(cot x/4 )2+1 + 4(- cot x/4) = - 4(cot x/4 )3 - 4 cot x/4 =
2+1 3
tg3 3.sec2 3.d - tg3 3.d = tg3 3.sec2 3.d - tg2 3.tg 3d
6. sen2 ɸ dɸ = 1 tg3 ɸ + c .
cos4 ɸ 3
105
sen2 ɸ . 1 . dɸ = sen2 ɸ . sec2 ɸ . dɸ =
n =1 n+1
7. dx 3
= tg 2x + 1/6 tg 2x - ½ cot 2x + c .
2 4
sen 2x cos 2x
csc2 2x . sec 4 2x dx = csc2 2x . sec 2 2x. sec 2 2x dx =
[csc2 2x + tg2 2x + cot2 2x. tg2 2x + tg2 2x.sec2 2x + tg2 2x. sec2 2x .cot2 2x)] dx
Por Trigonometría: tg x . cotx = 1 tg2 x . cot2 x = 1
1 + tg2 x = sec2 x
cos11/2 x
v = sec v = sec
dv = sec .tg . d dv = sec .tg . d
2 sec9/2 - 2 sec5/2 + c .
9 5
11. sec ax 4
. dx = - 1 cot ax + 1 cot3 ax + c .
tg ax a 3
sec4 ax . dx = 1 . 1 . dx = 1 . cot4 ax . dx =
tg4 ax cos4 ax tg4 ax cos4 ax
1 . cos4 ax . dx = 1 . cos4 ax . dx = 1 dx =
4 4
cos ax sen ax cos ax sen4 ax
4
sen4 ax
v = ax v = (cot ax)
dv = a dx dv = a.csc2 ax dx
108
Para la 1ra integral, aplicamos: csc2 v . dv = - cot v + c .
Para la 2da integral, aplicamos: vn .dv = v n+1 + c.
n+1
= -1 cot x + 1 cot3 ax + c .
a 3
Ordenando:
14. cot5 ax dx .
(-1/a) (csc ax)3.[-csc ax .cot ax .(a)]dx - 2(-1/a) (csc ax).[-csc ax. cot ax.(a)]dx + (1/a) cot
ax .(a)dx .
15. sec6 d
16. csc6 x dx
2
110
(csc4 x dx. csc2 x ) dx = (1+ cot2 x )2. csc2 x .dx
2 2 2 2
17. sec4 t dt
tg3 t
111
csc2 t .cot t dt - cot t dt + 2cot t dt + tg t dt . Simplificando:
Otra solución:
18. sec4 x dx
√tg x
(tg x)-1/2+1 + (tg x)3/2+1 = (tg x)1/2 + (tg x)5/2 = 2(tg x)1/2 + 2(tg x)5/2 + c
-1/2+1 3/2+1 1/2 5/2 5
19. csc ax 4
dx
cot ax
112
sen4 ax cos4 ax cos4 ax
tg ax + tg3 ax + c .
a 3a
tg2 x . tg x . sec3 x dx
3 3 3
3 3 3
sec5 x . tg x .- sec3 x . tg x . dx
3 3 3 3
3 (sec x )5 (sec x )3 + c .
5 3 3
21. dx .
sen4 3x . cos2 3x
113
(tg2 3x + tg2 3x.cot2 3x + 1 + cot2 3x).csc2 3x .dx
(1/3) sec2 3x.(3)dx + 2(1/3) csc2 3x.(3)dx + (-1/3) (cot 3x)2.(-3)csc2 3x. dx
22. csc bx 2 dx
tg bx
23. tg 3 d
cot
(tg )4 . sec2 .d - (tg )2 .sec2 .d + sec2 .d - d
(1/a) (tg at)4+1 + (1/a) (tg at)6+1 = (tg at)5 + (tg at)7 =
4+1 6+1 5a 7a
tg5 at + tg7 at + c .
5a 7a
115
25. tg3 x dx
√sec x
(sec x)1/2 .(sec x)2/2 .tg x dx - (sec x)-3/2 . (sec x)1 .tg x dx =
tgn+1 x + tgn+3 x + c .
n+1 n+3
27. tg5 2 d
sec3 2
116
tg3 2 . tg2 2 . cos3 2 . d = sen3 2 . tg2 2 . cos3 2 . d
cos3 2
117
Problemas. Páginas 265
1. sen2 x . dx = x - sen 2x + c .
2 4
x - ¼ sen 2x = x - sen 2x + c .
2 4
{⅛ - ⅜ cos 2x + 3/16 + 3/16 cos 4x - ⅛.[(1 - sen2 2x). cos 2x]} dx
119
{5/16 - 4/8 cos 2x + 3/16 cos 4x + ⅛(sen 2x)2.cos2x}dx
120
5/16 x + ¼ sen 2x + 3/64 sen 4x - 1/16(sen 2x)2+1 =
2+1
8. sen4 ax dx
121
¼ dx - ½ cos 2ax dx + ¼ cos2 2ax dx
¼ dx - ¼a cos 2ax (2a)dx + ¼.½ dx + ¼.½.¼a cos 4ax (4a)dx
9. sen2 2x .cos4 2x dx
122
⅛ [½ - ½ cos 8x]dx + ⅛.¼ (sen 4x)2 .cos 4x.(4)dx
1/16 dx - 1/16.⅛ cos 8x .(8)dx + 1/32 (sen 4x)2 .cos 4x.(4)dx
x + sen3 4x - sen 8x + c .
16 96 128
9θ + 4cos θ + sen 2θ + c .
2 4
½ sen 6x .dx - ½ sen 2x .dx = ½.1/6 sen 6x.(6)dx - ½.½ sen 2x .(2)dx
12 4
cos 2x - cos 6x + c .
4 12
15. cos2 ax dx =
sen2 /2.cos2 /2.sen2 /2 d = (sen /2 .cos /2)2 .sen2 /2 d =
19. csc ax 4 . dx =
cot ax
1 .
n+1
1/16sen2 2x.cos2 2x +1/16 (sen 2x)2.cos 2x.(2)+ 1/16[1/2 - ½ cos 2(2x) ] .dx .
1/16(sen 2x .cos 2x)2 dx + (sen 2x)2+1 + 1/16.1/2 dx - 1/16 . ½ .1/4 cos 4x .(4)dx .
16(2+1)
1/16[1/2sen 2(2x)]2 dx + (sen3 2x) + 1/32 x - 1/128 cos 4x .(4)dx .
16(3)
1/16[1/4sen2 4x)] dx + (sen3 2x) + 1/32 x - 1/128 sen 4x .
48
1/16 . 1/4 [sen2 4x]. dx + (sen3 2x) + 1/32 x - 1/128 sen 4x .
48
1/16 . 1/4 [1/2 – ½ cos 2(4x)]dx + (sen3 2x) + 1/32 x - 1/128 sen 4x .
48
1/64 [1/2 – ½ cos 8x]dx + (sen3 2x) + 1/32 x - 1/128 sen 4x .
48
1/64 . 1/2 dx – 1/64 . ½ cos 8x dx + (sen3 2x) + 1/32 x - 1/128 sen 4x .
48
1/128 x – 1/128 . 1/8 cos 8x . (8)dx + (sen3 2x) + 1/32 x - 1/128 sen 4x .
48
129
Problemas. Páginas 268 - 269
1.- dx .
(x + 2)3/2
2
u = a tg z . sen z = u . √u2 + a2 u
a tg z = u 2
√u + a 2
z
tg z = u . a
a
u .
sen z = √u + a2
2
= u = x +c.=
a2 a2 a2 √u2 + a2 2 √x2 + 4
x2 dx = a2 sec z . tg z - a2 ln (sec z + tg z) =
√(x2 - 6) 2 2
a2 u . √ u2 - a2 a2 ln u + √ u2 - a2 =
= a.a - a a =
2 2 .
1 1
a2 u .√u2 - a2 - a2 ln u + √u2 - a2
2a2 2 a
u.√u2 - a2 - a2 ln u + √u2 - a2
2 2 a
Sustituyendo valores:
x . √x2 - 6 - 6 ln x + √x2 - 6
131
2 2 √6
Aplicando logaritmos naturales:
3.- dx .
2 3/2
(5 - x )
dz = 1 sec2 z dz = 1 tg z = tg z .
a2 cos2 z a2 a2 a2
u = a sen z . tg z = u . a u
a sen z = u √a2 - u2 z
sen z = u . √a2 - u2
a
u .
tg z = √ a - u2
2
= u = x +c.
a2 a2 .
a2 √a2 - u2 5 √5 - x2
4.- t2 dt =
√(4 - t2)
132
sen z = u . z = arc sen u/a √a2 - u2
a
sen 2z = 2 sen z . cos z
a2 (½ z- ¼ sen 2z) = a2 [½ z - ¼ (2 sen z . cos z)] =
a2 [½ z - ½ sen z .cos z)] = a2z - a2 sen z .cos z)] =
2 2
4z - 4 u . √a2 - u2 = 2z - 2 u . √a2 - u2 =
2 2 a a a2 .
133