Submitted by:

Galzote, Carlos Verueco

Monroy, Jayzell Alvaro
Saraga, Jill Andaluz
 Problem Set no. 1
Mathematics in the Modern World

1. Alice, Ben and Carl collect stamps. They exchange stamps among
themselves according to the following scheme : Alice gives Ben as many
stamps as Ben has and Carl as many stamps as Carl has. After that, Ben gives
Alice and Carl as many stamps as each of them has, and then Carl gives
Alice and Ben as many stamps as each has. If each finally has 64 stamps,
with how many stamps does Alice start?

(Working Backward)
SOLUTION:
Let A be Alice’s number of stamps
Let B be Ben’s number of stamps
Let C be Carl’s number of stamps

Statement 1
“If each finally has 64 stamps”

It is said that they all have 64 stamps at the end. So,

A = 64
B = 64
C = 64

Statement 2
“Carl gives Alice and Ben as many stamps as each has”

If Carl gives them as many stamps as they have they will have 64 stamps.
The trick is, what number must the giver will give and add it to itself to get
the amount of 64?

The number is none other than 32.

So, Before Carl gives them the stamps, Alice and Ben has 32 stamps each
while Carl has 128. Why 128? Because, after Carl gives the stamp he must
have 64, giving away 32 to Alice and 32 to Ben, adding them up 64 + 32
+32 = 128

AFTER:
Alice (Receiver) = 32 + 32 (from Carl) = 64
Ben (Receiver) = 32 + 32 (from Carl) = 64
Carl (Giver) = 128 – 32 (given to Alice) – 32 (given to Ben) = 64
 BEFORE:
Alice (Receiver) = 32
Ben (Receiver) = 32
Carl (Giver) = 128

Statement 3
“Ben gives Alice and Carl as many stamps as each of them has”

AFTER:
Alice (Receiver) = 16 + 16 (from Ben) = 32
Ben (Giver) = 112 – 64 (given to Carl) - 16(given to Alice) = 32
Carl (Receiver) = 64 + 64 (from Ben) = 128

BEFORE:
Alice (Receiver) = 16
Ben (Giver) = 112
Carl (Receiver) = 64

Statement 4
“Alice gives Ben as many stamps as Ben has and Carl as many stamps as
Carl has”

AFTER:
Alice (Give) = 104 – 56 (given to Ben) – 32 (given to Carl) = 16
Ben (Receiver) = 56 + 56 (from Alice) = 112
Carl (Receiver) = 32 + 32 (from Alice) = 64

BEFORE:
Alice (Give) = 104
Ben (Receiver) = 56
Carl (Receiver) = 32

ANSWER : Alice has 104 stamps to start with

[Source:https://brainly.ph/question/1607197]

2. Solve the following cryptarithms. In each problem, letters represent a single

digit only.

ANSWER AND SOLUTION:

a. (HE)2 = SHE
(25)2 = 625
 where:
S =6
H =2
E =5

b. WRONG + WRONG = RIGHT

(24153) (24153) (48306)
where:
W =2
R =4
O =1
N =5
G =3
I =8
H =0
T =6

3. How many squares of all sizes are in an 8x8 checkerboard?

SOLUTION:
8 x 8 squares =1
7 x 7 squares =4
6 x 6 squares =9
5 x 5 squares = 16
4 x 4 squares = 25
3 x 3 squares = 36
2 x 2 squares = 49
1 x 1 squares = 64

ANSWER: 1+4+9+16+25+36+49+64 = 204 squares

[Source:https://www.teachingideas.co.uk/problem-solving/squares-on-a-
chessboard]

4. In order to encourage his son in the study of algebra, a father promised the
son P8 for every problem solved correctly and to fine him P5 for each
incorrect solution. After 26 problems neither owed anything to the other. How
many problems did the boy solved correctly?

SOLUTION:
8 pesos = problem solved correctly
5 pesos = incorrect solution
 8 = 8,16,24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80 10
5 = 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80 16
26
ANSWER: The boy solved 10 problems correctly.

5. If a pup is worth a pooch and mutt, and a pup and a pooch are worth one
bird-dog, and two bird-dogs are worth three mutts, how many pooches is a
pup worth?

SOLUTION:
The given are:
pup = pooch + mutt
one bird dog = pup + pooch
2 bird dogs = 3 mutts

2(pup + pooch) = 3(pup – pooch)

2pup + 2 pooch = 3 pup – 3 pooch

2 pooch + 3 pooch = 3 pup – 2 pup

5 pooch = pup

ANSWER: Therefore, 1 pup is worth 5 pooches.

6. Mang Ruben has only an 11-liter can and a 5-liter can. How can he measure
out exactly 7 liters of water?

SOLUTION:
Since Mang Ruben has only 11-liter can and a 5-liter can. Here are the steps
in order to measure out exactly 7 liters.

Step 1: Fill up the 11-liter can and transfer 5 liters into the 5-liter can. Empty
the 5-liter can.
Step 2: Pour the remaining 6 liters into the 5-liter can. Empty the 5 liter can.
Step 3: Pour the remaining liter into the 5-liter can.
Step 4: Fill up the 11-liter can again. Pour 4 liters of it into the 5-liter can
that has 1 liter in it. What’s left in the 11-liter can is 7 liters.

ANSWER: Therefore, there is exactly 7 liters of water in the 11-liter can.

[Source:http://learningprinciplesinmath.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/8/9/148952
36/learning_principles.pdf]
7. An egg vendor broke all the eggs that he was delivering to a local store. He
could not remember how many eggs there were in all. However, he did
remember that when he tried to pack them into packages of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
he had one left over each time. When he packed them into packages of 7,
he had none left over. What is the smallest number of eggs he could have in
the shipment?

SOLUTION:
Look for a number that leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 2, 3, 4, 5, or
6, but evenly divisible by 7. Look at multiples of 7. 7 leaves a remainder of 1
when divided by 2, 3, or 6. Unfortunately it doesn't work for 4. Now, get a
number which leaves a remainder of 1 when divide it by 4.

Then, take a number that leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 2 and

add 2 to that number, there would be another number that leaves a
remainder of 1. If we add any multiple of 2, we still get a number that leaves
a remainder of 1 when divided by 2.

Similarly, if we take a number that leaves a remainder of 1 when we divide it

by 3 and add any multiple of 3 to it, we would get another number that
leaves a remainder of 1 when divide it by 3.

Anything that leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 2 or 3 is automatically

leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 6.

So if we take 7 and add anything which is a multiple of 2, 3 and 7 to it, we

would get another multiple of 7 which leaves a remainder of 1 when we
divide it by 2 or 3. So we don't lose anything if we add a multiple of 42 (that's
2 x 3 x 7) to 7.

7 + 42 = 49.

If we add a multiple of 4 we still get a number that leaves a remainder of 1

when divided by 4. So if we add a multiple of 3 x 4 x 7, we'll get another
number that satisfies all the conditions.

3 x 4 x 7 = 84

So, 49 + 84 = 133
133 + 84 = 217
217 + 84 = 301

ANSWER: 301 is the smallest number of eggs he could have in the shipment.
 [Source: http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/58849.html]

8. There was a jar of chocolate chip cookies on the table. James and Monica
were very hungry because they hadn’t had anything to eat since breakfast,
so they ate half the cookies. Then Victor came along and noticed the
cookies. He ate a third of what was left in the jar. Sharon, who was waiting
around nearby, decided to take a fourth of the cookies left in the jar. Then
Tiffany came rushing up and took one cookie to munch on in her class. When
Valerie looked at the cookie jar, she saw there were two cookies left. How
many cookies were in the jar to begin with?

(Working Backward)
SOLUTION:
Statement 1
“Valerie looked at the cookie jar, she saw there were two cookies left.”

2 cookies

Statement 2
“Tiffany came rushing up and took one cookie to munch on in her class.”

2 cookies + 1 cookie = 3 cookies

Statement 3
“Sharon, who was waiting around nearby, decided to take a fourth of the
cookies left in the jar.”

3 cookies ÷ 3 / 4 = 4 cookies

Statement 4
“Victor came along and noticed the cookies. He ate a third of what was
left in the jar.”

4 cookies ÷ 2 / 3 = 6 cookies

Statement 5
“James and Monica were very hungry because they hadn’t had anything
to eat since breakfast, so they ate half the cookies.”

6 cookies ÷ 1 / 2 = 12 cookies

ANSWER: Therefore, 12 cookies were in the jar to begin with.

9. Every GOOP is a GORP. Half of all GORGS are GORPS. Half of all GORPS are
GOOPS. There are 40 GORGS and 30 GOOPS. No GORG is a GOOP. How
many GORPS are neither GOOPS nor GORGS?

SOLUTION:

GORGS GORPS

20 20 GOOPS

30

10
10. On a balance scale, two spools and one thimble balance 8 buttons. Also,
one spool balances one thimble and one button. How many buttons will
balance one spool?

SOLUTION:
2 pool + 1 thimble = 8 buttons
1button + 1 thimble = 1 spool
1 spool = ? buttons

2 spools + 1 thimble = 8 buttons

1 spool – 1 thimble = 1 buttons

3 spools = 9 buttons
3 3
Spool = 3 buttons

ANSWER: Therefore, there are 3 buttons in one spool.

 EXPERIENCES IN WORKING IN A GROUP OF
PEOPLE THAT WE’RE NOT FAMILIAR WITH
GALZOTE, CARLOS VERUECO
In solving a mathematics-based logical problem I always end up with a
wrong answer, why? I always used a very simple approach wherein I do not
apply the fundamentals of algebra but solving it with your groupmates I don't
think it would be much difficult perhaps it would reduce its difficulty because
different insights are used. I've learned that solving a difficult math problem with
group would be easier than solving it by yourself. Every items that we've
answered uses different concepts of algebra and technical math which indeed
a quiet tricky and complex problem.
My groupmates and I have not encountered such conflict because items
were equally distributed. And so with the groupings of the whole class we were
systematically grouped according to the availability of each student. Since we
have enough time to do it, we took it up immediately and finished before the
submission. In addition to this composition, I myself didn't have a hard time
communicating with Jayzell and Jill since they're approachable.
Honestly, I would not be able to finish this activity without collaboration. So
having a group study and group work means a lot. I've learned to be flexible
and approachable as my groupmates are and I also gained insights on some of
the mathematical approach.

MONROY, JAYZELL ALVARO

Working as a team is an advantage in order to answer quickly the task
given by the instructor. In this activity, I’ve learned many things especially
dealing with people that I am not familiar with. In addition, I started to know
deeply the characteristics of my groupmates. I’ve also learned the essence of
working as a group in which we should listen and accept the ideas of one
another. Honestly the problems are much difficult but I find it a little bit easier
because of the help of my groupmates and also with the help of the internet. It
is good that we have not encountered any conflict in answering the problems
because the items were equally distributed. But I can say that those problems
challenge my brain and it really needs a good analyzing skill.
Meanwhile, choosing groupmates is not difficult because the whole class
cooperate in order to come up a suitable group for each student. The entire
class is divided equally so there would not be an issue of bias. Thus, it is truly
indeed that working as a group can be the most effective way of solving
complex problems.

SARAGA, JILL ANDALUZ

Working in the group to solve the problem is very hard because for the first
place I don’t understand the problem. I am not also the type of person to solve
some mathematics problem because I hate math. I think the positive side
working this problem by group is there are people to ask and there are many
brains that is working on to solve, particularly the questions that I don’t know
how. The topic that I really don’t understand even I already research it in google
is the cryptarithms. I really don’t get the pattern that they are using. I read it so
many times but I don’t understand a thing.
We don’t really have the difficulty in choosing a group mates because our
president organize it very well. Working with the two is very easy and fun. I was
happy that I have the chance to make friends with them and its very interesting
to get to know other people.