Mindset for IELTS, Level 1, Unit 1, Writing, p.

12

mindset a set of attitudes or fixed ideas that somebody has and that are often difficult
to change
SYNONYM MENTALITY
a conservative mindset
the mindset of the computer generation
Outcomes
outcome the result or effect of an action or event
We are waiting to hear the final outcome of the negotiations.
These costs are payable whatever the outcome of the case.
process a method of doing or making something, especially one that is used in
industry
manufacturing processes
a new process for rustproofing car bodies
sequence something (specialist) to arrange things into a sequence
sequence [countable, uncountable] the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or
should happen in
The tasks had to be performed in a particular sequence.
Number the pages in sequence.
These pages are out of sequence.
overview a general description or an outline of something
Synonym survey, 10 000-foot view, helicopter view
Teacher’s note
- This lesson relates to writing task 1.
The first 3 outcomes relate specifically to describing a process.
The fourth outcome, write an introduction and overview, relates to all task 1
types.
Tell students that when we describe a process we are interested in what happens
rather than in who does the various actions involved.
Therefore we use the Passive voice, e.g. ‘Water is heated.’
- An introduction – or introductory sentence – in task 1 is often a paraphrase of
the question.
It tells the reader what kind of data this is.
An overview presents the data in summary form.
paraphrase a statement that expresses something that somebody has written or said
using different words, especially in order to make it easier to understand
overview a general description or an outline of something
Synonym survey, 10 000-foot view, helicopter view
Examples
Introductory sentences
The diagram shows the process of producing tea from planting to its arrival in the
shops.
Overview
The process consists of eight main stages – from planting and plucking on the
plantation, drying, withering, sorting and packaging in the factory to, distribution and
sales all over the world.
pluck something (from something) (old-fashioned or literary) to pick a fruit, flower,
etc. from where it is growing
I plucked an orange from the tree.
plantation a large area of land, especially in a hot country, where crops such as
coffee, sugar, rubber, etc. are grown
a banana plantation plantation workers/owners
wither (something) if a plant withers or something withers it, it dries up and dies
The grass had withered in the warm sun.
sort to arrange things in groups or in a particular order according to their type, etc.; to
separate things of one type from others
sort something sorting the mail
sort something into something The computer sorts the words into
alphabetical order.
sort something from something Women and children sorted the ore from the
rock.
- Both of these need to be present.
An introduction is always at the beginning.
The overview can be anywhere in the text but is most likely to be after the
introduction or at the end.
likely adj probable or expected
the most likely outcome a likely scenario
likely (to do something) Tickets are likely to be expensive.
likely (that…) It's more than likely that the thieves don't know how much it is
worth.
Lead-in
01
Teacher’s note
- Give some examples of ‘celebrations’, such as birthdays or festivals.
Students add more examples.
Tell students typical food you eat on special occasions.
Students talk in pairs.
Help them with names of equipment or vocabulary to describe the processes
involved in preparing the food.
lead-in an introduction to a subject, story, show, etc.
He told an amusing story as a lead-in to his speech.
celebration [countable] a special event that people organize in order to celebrate
something
birthday/wedding celebrations
typical adj having the usual qualities or features of a particular type of person, thing
or group
SYNONYM REPRESENTATIVE a typical Italian cafe
 typical of somebody/something This meal is typical of local cookery.
typical for somebody/something The weather at the moment is not typical
for July.
Opposite atypical
02
Teacher’s note
- Ask students if they know where Sri Lanka is (an island to the south of India).
They are going to read descriptions of equipment needed to make a Sri Lanka
dish called ‘stringhoppers’.
The aim of this activity is to expose students to the language they might need for
describing objects.
Check answers.
Sri Lanka an island off the southern tip of India. Its capital city is Colombo and its
official language is Sinhalese. When it was part of the British Empire (1802-1948) it
was called Ceylon. It is a member of the Commonwealth and one of the world's most
important tea producers. In Britain, many people still refer to Ceylon tea.
stringhoppers (usu plural) rice vermicelli, as prepared in the cuisines of Sri Lanka
and South India
vermicelli U pasta in the shape of very thin sticks, often broken into small pieces and
added to soups / mì sợi, bún, miến (để thêm vào xúp)
expose somebody to something to let somebody find out about something by giving
them experience of it or showing them what it is like
We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
mountain communities that had not been exposed to tourism before
Answers
1B 2A 3C
1
press [countable] (especially in compounds) a piece of equipment that is used for
creating pressure on things, to make them flat or to get liquid from them
a trouser press a garlic press
handle the part of an object, such as a cup, a bag or a tool, that you use to hold it or
carry it
the handle of a knife a broom handle
The handle's broken off this jug.
fit, fitted, fitted or fit, fit [intransitive] to be of the right size, type or number to go
somewhere
I'd like to have a desk in the room but it won't fit.
+ adv./prep. All the kids will fit in the back of the car.
2
mat a small piece of plastic, wood or cloth used on a table for decoration or to protect
the surface from heat or damage
a beer mat
criss-cross adj [usually before noun] with many straight lines that cross each other /
chéo nhau, đan chéo nhau, bắt chéo nhau
 a criss-cross pattern
cloth [uncountable] material made by weaving or knitting cotton, wool, silk, etc.
woollen/cotton cloth bandages made from strips of cloth
the cloth industry/trade a cloth bag
3
grinder a machine or tool for grinding a solid substance into a powder
a coffee grinder
base [countable, usually singular] the lowest part of something, especially the part or
surface on which it rests or stands
the base of a column/glass a pain at the base of the spine
tray a flat piece of wood, metal or plastic with raised edges, used for carrying or
holding things, especially food
He brought her breakfast in bed on a tray.
She came in with a tray of drinks. a tea tray
03
Teacher’s note
- In this part of the activity, students focus on the language which enabled them to
do the above exercise.
Materials: plastic, metal, wood, cloth
Parts: handles, base, tray
Shapes: round, square, triangle, rectangular
cloth [uncountable] material made by weaving or knitting cotton, wool, silk, etc.
woollen/cotton cloth bandages made from strips of cloth
the cloth industry/trade a cloth bag
Advice
- Students could add some more materials, parts and shapes to the table.
Part 1: Describing a process
process a method of doing or making something, especially one that is used in
industry
manufacturing processes
a new process for rustproofing car bodies
Tip
04
Teacher’s note
- The aim of this activity is to demonstrate that students do not need to be familiar
with the process described or even know the key vocabulary used as a lot of
information is provided in the task.
While key vocabulary is given, this is usually in note form.
Students will need to change the notes into full sentences, using appropriate
structures.
demonstrate [transitive] to show something clearly by giving proof or evidence
demonstrate that… These results demonstrate convincingly that our
campaign is working.
 demonstrate something (to somebody) Let me demonstrate to you some of
the difficulties we are facing.
demonstrate how, what, etc… His sudden departure had demonstrated how
unreliable he was.
demonstrate somebody/something to be something The theories were demo
Answers
1c
grinder a machine or tool for grinding a solid substance into a powder
a coffee grinder
grind something (down/up) | grind something (to/into something) ground, ground
to break or crush something into very small pieces between two hard surfaces or using
a special machine
to grind coffee/corn
The animal has teeth that grind its food into a pulp.
2b 3f
dough [uncountable, singular] a mixture of flour, water, etc. that is made into bread
and pastry
Knead the dough on a floured surface.
Leave the dough to rise.
4a
stringhoppers (usu plural) rice vermicelli, as prepared in the cuisines of Sri Lanka
and South India
vermicelli U pasta in the shape of very thin sticks, often broken into small pieces and
added to soups / mì sợi, bún, miến (để thêm vào xúp)
press [countable] (especially in compounds) a piece of equipment that is used for
creating pressure on things, to make them flat or to get liquid from them
a trouser press a garlic press
mat a small piece of plastic, wood or cloth used on a table for decoration or to protect
the surface from heat or damage
a beer mat
5d
steamer a metal container with small holes in it, that is placed over a pan of boiling
water in order to cook food in the steam
6e
spicy adj (of food) having a strong taste because spices have been used to flavour it
SYNONYM HOT spicy chicken wings
Bullet box
Grammar focus: the present simple passive
05
Teacher’s note
- Write the sentences ‘We make them with rice’ and ‘They are made with rice’ on
the board.
Ask a student to come to the board and highlight the subjects and verbs of the
sentences in different colours.
 Active verb in present simple Verb ‘to be’ in present simple Past
participle
We make them with rice They are made with rice
Ask who ‘We’ are (people who make stringhoppers)
stringhoppers (usu plural) rice vermicelli, as prepared in the cuisines of Sri Lanka
and South India
vermicelli U pasta in the shape of very thin sticks, often broken into small pieces and
added to soups / mì sợi, bún, miến (để thêm vào xúp)
Ask who ‘They’ are (stringhoppers)
‘Make’is active because the subject (we) does the action.
‘Are made’ is passive because the subject (they) has the action done to them.
- Label the verb forms as above.
Point out that ‘to be’ (in any tense) plus past participle are needed to form the
passive.
- Students complete the exercise.
Answers
1 are picked 2 are used 3 is needed 4 is grown
pick something to take flowers, fruit, etc. from the plant or the tree where they are
growing
to pick grapes flowers freshly picked from the garden
to go blackberry picking
Grammar focus: Sequencing words
sequence something (specialist) to arrange things into a sequence
sequence [countable, uncountable] the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or
should happen in
The tasks had to be performed in a particular sequence.
Number the pages in sequence.
These pages are out of sequence.
06
Teacher’s note
- Linking your ideas together appropriately is very important in IELTS writing.
Each task type requires different types of linkers.
For describing a process, students need to make it clear in which order the steps
take place.
The words in the box are all suitable for this kind of task.
As students do exercise 6, they need to think about the logical order of the steps
as well as the grammar.
Answers
1 First
grinder a machine or tool for grinding a solid substance into a powder
a coffee grinder
grind something (down/up) | grind something (to/into something) ground, ground
to break or crush something into very small pieces between two hard surfaces or using
a special machine
 to grind coffee/corn
The animal has teeth that grind its food into a pulp.
2 After 3 Then / Next
dough [uncountable, singular] a mixture of flour, water, etc. that is made into bread
and pastry
Knead the dough on a floured surface.
Leave the dough to rise.
4 The next stage
stringhoppers (usu plural) rice vermicelli, as prepared in the cuisines of Sri Lanka
and South India
vermicelli U pasta in the shape of very thin sticks, often broken into small pieces and
added to soups / mì sợi, bún, miến (để thêm vào xúp)
press [countable] (especially in compounds) a piece of equipment that is used for
creating pressure on things, to make them flat or to get liquid from them
a trouser press a garlic press
5 Next / Then
steamer a metal container with small holes in it, that is placed over a pan of boiling
water in order to cook food in the steam
6 Finally
spicy adj (of food) having a strong taste because spices have been used to flavour it
SYNONYM HOT spicy chicken wings
Alternative
- If your class is doing well with this lesson, refer them back to the pictures and
elicit the steps before doing this exercise.
This will give them a chance to practise the vocabulary and the use of the Passive
as practised in previous exercises
refer somebody/something to somebody/something to send somebody/something to
somebody/something for help, advice or a decision
My doctor referred me to a specialist.
The case was referred to the Court of Appeal.
Tip
sequence something (specialist) to arrange things into a sequence
sequence [countable, uncountable] the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or
should happen in
The tasks had to be performed in a particular sequence.
Number the pages in sequence.
These pages are out of sequence.
Writing an introduction and overview
overview a general description or an outline of something
Synonym survey, 10 000-foot view, helicopter view
07
Teacher’s note
- Stress that the introduction and overview are not the same and both are essential
to any task 1 essay, not just describing a process.
 The difference between the two is that
+ the introduction tells the reader what type of data it is (e.g. whether it is
diagrams showing a process or charts with data on exports from two different
countries)
+ the overview tells the reader something about the data itself without going into
detail.
process a method of doing or making something, especially one that is used in
industry
manufacturing processes
a new process for rustproofing car bodies
chart [countable] a page or sheet of information in the form of diagrams, lists of
figures, etc.
a weather chart
a sales chart (= showing the level of a company’s sales)
go into detail(s) to explain something fully
I can't go into details now; it would take too long.
Answers
a overview b introduction
stringhoppers (usu plural) rice vermicelli, as prepared in the cuisines of Sri Lanka
and South India
vermicelli U pasta in the shape of very thin sticks, often broken into small pieces and
added to soups / mì sợi, bún, miến (để thêm vào xúp)
grinder a machine or tool for grinding a solid substance into a powder
a coffee grinder
grind something (down/up) | grind something (to/into something) ground, ground
to break or crush something into very small pieces between two hard surfaces or using
a special machine
to grind coffee/corn
The animal has teeth that grind its food into a pulp.
dough [uncountable, singular] a mixture of flour, water, etc. that is made into bread
and pastry
Knead the dough on a floured surface.
Leave the dough to rise.
steamer a metal container with small holes in it, that is placed over a pan of boiling
water in order to cook food in the steam
diagram a simple drawing using lines to explain where something is, how something
works, etc.
a diagram of the wiring system
The results are shown in diagram 2.
demonstrate [transitive] to show something clearly by giving proof or evidence
demonstrate that… These results demonstrate convincingly that our
campaign is working.
demonstrate something (to somebody) Let me demonstrate to you some of
the difficulties we are facing.
 demonstrate how, what, etc… His sudden departure had demonstrated how
unreliable he was.
demonstrate somebody/something to be something The theories were demo
process a method of doing or making something, especially one that is used in
industry
manufacturing processes
a new process for rustproofing car bodies
Bullet box
o8
omelette (North American English also omelet) a hot dish of eggs mixed together and
fried, often with cheese, meat, vegetables, etc. added
a cheese and mushroom omelette
ingredient (of/in/for something) one of the things from which something is made,
especially one of the foods that are used together to make a particular dish
Coconut is a basic ingredient for many curries.
Mix all the ingredients in a bowl.
pick something to take flowers, fruit, etc. from the plant or the tree where they are
growing
to pick grapes flowers freshly picked from the garden
to go blackberry picking
diagram a simple drawing using lines to explain where something is, how something
works, etc.
a diagram of the wiring system
The results are shown in diagram 2.
ripe adj (of fruit or crops) fully grown and ready to be eaten
Pick the tomatoes before they get too ripe.
Opposite unripe
Answer
a and d are not overviews
- Explain that
+ a is an introduction
+ d is an introduction plus first stage.
There does not appear to be an overview, but the overview doesn’t have to be
after the introduction; it could also be at the end.
plus prep as well as something/somebody; and also
We have to fit five of us plus all our gear in the car.
overview a general description or an outline of something
Synonym survey, 10 000-foot view, helicopter view
Studying a model answer
09
Teacher’s note
- The model answers presented in this book are designed to be achievable for the
students at this level.
They are simple but correct rather than band 8/9 answers.
 achievable adj (of a goal, status or standard) that can be reached, especially by
making an effort for a long time
Profits of $20m look achievable. achievable goals
Answers
1 The diagram ... of noodle dish.
demonstrate [transitive] to show something clearly by giving proof or evidence
demonstrate that… These results demonstrate convincingly that our
campaign is working.
demonstrate something (to somebody) Let me demonstrate to you some of
the difficulties we are facing.
demonstrate how, what, etc… His sudden departure had demonstrated how
unreliable he was.
demonstrate somebody/something to be something The theories were demo
process a method of doing or making something, especially one that is used in
industry
manufacturing processes
a new process for rustproofing car bodies
stringhoppers (usu plural) rice vermicelli, as prepared in the cuisines of Sri Lanka
and South India
vermicelli U pasta in the shape of very thin sticks, often broken into small pieces and
added to soups / mì sợi, bún, miến (để thêm vào xúp)
2 There are six main stages ... cook the stringhoppers.
grind something (down/up) | grind something (to/into something) ground, ground
to break or crush something into very small pieces between two hard surfaces or using
a special machine
to grind coffee/corn
The animal has teeth that grind its food into a pulp.
dough [uncountable, singular] a mixture of flour, water, etc. that is made into bread
and pastry
Knead the dough on a floured surface.
Leave the dough to rise.
steamer a metal container with small holes in it, that is placed over a pan of boiling
water in order to cook food in the steam
3 First, Next, After that, then, The final stage is
sequence something (specialist) to arrange things into a sequence
sequence [countable, uncountable] the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or
should happen in
The tasks had to be performed in a particular sequence.
Number the pages in sequence.
These pages are out of sequence.
4 is put, is mixed, (is) formed, is put, is pushed, are placed, are ... cooked
5 a metal piece of equipment with two handles and holes in it; round baskets made of
thin pieces of wood
 handle the part of an object, such as a cup, a bag or a tool, that you use to hold it or
carry it
the handle of a knife a broom handle
The handle's broken off this jug.
6 grind, rice, dough, steamer, grinder, flour, stringhopper press, stringhopper mats,
cook, serve, spicy, curries
grind something (down/up) | grind something (to/into something) ground, ground
to break or crush something into very small pieces between two hard surfaces or using
a special machine
to grind coffee/corn
The animal has teeth that grind its food into a pulp.
dough [uncountable, singular] a mixture of flour, water, etc. that is made into bread
and pastry
Knead the dough on a floured surface.
Leave the dough to rise.
steamer a metal container with small holes in it, that is placed over a pan of boiling
water in order to cook food in the steam
grinder a machine or tool for grinding a solid substance into a powder
a coffee grinder
press [countable] (especially in compounds) a piece of equipment that is used for
creating pressure on things, to make them flat or to get liquid from them
a trouser press a garlic press
mat a small piece of plastic, wood or cloth used on a table for decoration or to protect
the surface from heat or damage
a beer mat
spicy adj (of food) having a strong taste because spices have been used to flavour it
SYNONYM HOT spicy chicken wings
Model answer
10
Teacher’s note
- Before students attempt exercise 10, ask them to look at the pictures and say
some words that they could use in the task.
Give them a few examples, such as ‘wash’ or ‘cook’.
- The exercise involves finding the past participle of the verbs in the box, 3 of the
verbs are irregular (put-put, shake-shaken and take-taken).
For weaker classes, you could elicit/teach past participle forms of the verbs in
advance.
cherry [countable] a small soft round fruit with shiny red or black skin and a large
seed inside
Answers
1 spread; shaken 2 collected; transported/taken
process something to treat raw material, food, etc. in order to change it, preserve it,
etc.
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.
 processed cheese
I sent three rolls of film away to be processed.
plant [countable] a factory or place where power is produced or an industrial process
takes place
a nuclear reprocessing plant Japanese car plants
a chemical plant
3 removed 4 washed 5 taken
6 cooked; added
ingredient (of/in/for something) one of the things from which something is made,
especially one of the foods that are used together to make a particular dish
Coconut is a basic ingredient for many curries.
Mix all the ingredients in a bowl.
7 checked 8 put
jar a glass container with a wide top and a lid, used for storing food such
as jam or honey, or the amount it contains
a jam jar half a jar of peanut butter
9 stuck
stick, stuck, stuck [transitive, intransitive] to fix something to something else,
usually with a sticky substance; to become fixed to something in this way
stick something + adv./prep. He stuck a stamp on the envelope.
+ adv./prep. Her wet clothes were sticking to her body.
Exam skills
11
Teacher’s note
- Depending on your class, you could get them to do the practice essay with or
without reference to the lesson
process a method of doing or making something, especially one that is used in
industry
manufacturing processes
a new process for rustproofing car bodies
cherry [countable] a small soft round fruit with shiny red or black skin and a large
seed inside
process something to treat raw material, food, etc. in order to change it, preserve it,
etc.
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.
processed cheese
I sent three rolls of film away to be processed.
plant [countable] a factory or place where power is produced or an industrial process
takes place
a nuclear reprocessing plant Japanese car plants
a chemical plant
spike [countable] a thin object with a sharp point, especially a pointed piece of metal,
wood, etc.
a row of iron spikes on a wall
 Her hair stood up in spikes.
pectin [uncountable] (chemistry) a substance similar to sugar that forms in fruit that is
ready to eat, and is used to make jam/jelly firm as it is cooked
overview a general description or an outline of something
Synonym survey, 10 000-foot view, helicopter view
sequence something (specialist) to arrange things into a sequence
sequence [countable, uncountable] the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or
should happen in
The tasks had to be performed in a particular sequence.
Number the pages in sequence.
These pages are out of sequence.
Tip
mechanical adj operated by power from an engine
a mechanical device/toy/clock mechanical parts
arm a long narrow part of an object or a piece of machinery, especially one that
moves
a robotic arm
process something to treat raw material, food, etc. in order to change it, preserve it,
etc.
Most of the food we buy is processed in some way.
processed cheese
I sent three rolls of film away to be processed.
plant [countable] a factory or place where power is produced or an industrial process
takes place
a nuclear reprocessing plant Japanese car plants
a chemical plant
stem the main long thin part of a plant above the ground from which the leaves or
flowers grow; a smaller part that grows from this and supports flowers or leaves
long, trailing stems of ivy a tall plant with branching stems
There are several leaves on each stem.
spike [countable] a thin object with a sharp point, especially a pointed piece of metal,
wood, etc.
a row of iron spikes on a wall
Her hair stood up in spikes.
pectin [uncountable] (chemistry) a substance similar to sugar that forms in fruit that is
ready to eat, and is used to make jam/jelly firm as it is cooked
jar a glass container with a wide top and a lid, used for storing food such
as jam or honey, or the amount it contains
a jam jar half a jar of peanut butter
lid a cover over a container that can be removed or opened by turning it or lifting it
a dustbin lid I can't get the lid off this jar.
Feedback
Teacher’s note
- When marking essays, do so positively.
Tick the introduction and overview as well as sequencing linkers and passive
forms.
Use a different colour to underline errors.
Use a correction code to encourage students to correct their own errors than
making the correction for them, e.g.
Sp- spelling Gr- grammar T- tense P- punctuation
L- linking
Provide a positive comment at the end as well as a suggestion for how students
can improve, e.g. ‘Good use of linkers but check your passive forms’.
overview a general description or an outline of something
Synonym survey, 10 000-foot view, helicopter view
sequence something (specialist) to arrange things into a sequence
sequence [countable, uncountable] the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or
should happen in
The tasks had to be performed in a particular sequence.
Number the pages in sequence.
These pages are out of sequence.