1

3
4

7
8

10
Each question may have no correct choice for the answer, or may have one or more correct choices.
Put 1 in the boxes for the answers that you think are correct. If the answer is correct, it will add a point to your score,
if the answer is incorrect, it will subtract a point from your score. If there is no 1 in a correct answer,
the score will not change (the "don't know" answer)
Note: Load dependency on voltage is meant here to be the percent change of load per percent change of voltage
(the LTVwatts and LTVvars factors) . For instance, LTVwatts=1 means that the real load decreases/increases by 1%
when the voltage is decreased/increased by 1%.

QUESTIONS:

WHAT IS THE TYPICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE REAL LOAD AND REACTIVE LOAD DEPENDENCIES ON VOLTAGE
(LTVwatts versus LTVvars)?

A. THEY ARE THE SAME

B. THE REAL LOAD DEPENDENCY IS STRONGER
C. THE REACTIVE LOAD DEPENDENCY IS STRONGER

THE VOLTAGE CHANGE CAUSED BY SWITCHING A FEEDER CAPACITOR ON/OFF

MAINLY DEPENDS ON WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS (AND MUST BE INCLUDED EVEN IN
APPROXIMATE ANALYTICS)?

A. FEEDER REACTIVE LOADING

B. UPSTREAM RESISTANCE
C. UPSTREAM REACTANCE
D. CAPACITOR KVARS
E. FEEDER RATED VOLTAGE
F. FEEDER ACTIVE LOADING
G. REACTIVE LOAD-TO-VOLTAGE DEPENDENCY
H. ACTIVE LOAD-TO-VOLTAGE DEPENDENCY
I. OPERATIONAL VOLTAGE LEVEL AT CAPACITOR TERMINALS, WHICH MAY CHANGE IN REAL TIME

THE VOLTAGE CHANGE CAUSED BY SWITCHING A FEEDER CAPACITOR ON/OFF

DOES NOT DEPEND ON (AND CAN BE IGNORED EVEN IN EXACT ANALYTICS):
A. FEEDER REACTIVE LOADING
B. UPSTREAM RESISTANCE
C. UPSTREAM REACTANCE
D. CAPACITOR KVARS
E. FEEDER RATED VOLTAGE
F. FEEDER ACTIVE LOADING
G. REACTIVE LOAD-TO-VOLTAGE DEPENDENCY
H. ACTIVE LOAD-TO-VOLTAGE DEPENDENCY
I. OPERATIONAL VOLTAGE LEVEL AT FEEDING SUBSTATION BUS, WHICH MAY CHANGE IN REAL TIME

T
G
A CAPACITOR IS SWITCHED ON IN THE MIDDLE OF A DISTRIBUTION FEEDER.
THE REAL 'LOAD-TO-VOLTAGE DEPENDENCY (LTVwatts) = 1, THE LTVvars=5.
WHAT IS THE VOLTAGE CHANGE AT THE END OF THE FEEDER IN COMPARISON WITH
THE CHANGE AT THE CAPACITOR SITE?

A. NO DIFFERENCE
B. SMALLER INCREASE
C. GREATER INCREASE

THERE IS A DEMAND-CHARGED CUSTOMER WITH NO POWER FACTOR PENALTIES.

A FEEDER CAPACITOR IS SWITCHED "ON", AT PEAK TIME.
THERE IS NO VOLTAGE REGULATION AT THE CUSTOMER SIDE.
HOW DOES THIS IMPACT THE CUSTOMER PAYMENT?

A. NO CHANGE
B. DECREASE THE BILL
C. INCREASE THE BILL

THE DEMAND-CHARGED CUSTOMER PAYS FOR PEAK KVA (POWER FACTOR PENALTY).
A FEEDER CAPACITOR IS SWITCHED "ON", AT PEAK TIME
THERE IS NO VOLTAGE REGULATION AT THE CUSTOMER SIDE.
HOW DOES THIS IMPACT THE CUSTOMER PAYMENT IN COMPARISON TO THE PREVIOUS
QUESTION?

A. NO CHANGE
B. DECREASE THE BILL
C. INCREASE THE BILL

THE CONDITIONS OF QUESTION #6, WITH THE ONLY DIFFERENCE

THAT A FAULT LIMITING REACTOR IS INSTALLED AT THE FEEDER BEGINNING.
WHAT IS THE CHANGE OF THE PAYMENT IN THIS CASE IN COMPARISON
WITH THE PREVIOUS?

A. NO CHANGE
B. GREATER, THE SAME DIRECTION
C. SMALLER, THE SAME DIRECTION
D. OPPOSITE DIRECTION

A SWITCHED CAPACITOR IS CONTROLLED BY A VAR-ONLY-DEPENDENT CONTROLLER. LTVvars=5

THERE IS A SUDDEN VOLTAGE REDUCTION IN THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.
WHAT IS THE POSSIBLE CHANGE OF THE CAPACITOR STATUS?
A. SWITCHED "ON", IF THE CAPACITOR IS "OFF"
B. SWITCHED "OFF", IF THE CAPACITOR IS "ON"
C. NO CHANGE

HOW WILL THE LOAD POWER FACTOR CHANGE AFTER THE FEEDER CAPACITOR IS SWITCHED ON?

A. NO CHANGE
B. DECREASE
C. INCREASE

IS POWER FACTOR = 1 ALWAYS GOOD?

A. YES
B. NO

Your score in % is

Copyright © 2012 Nokhum Markushevich

eases by 1%

Formula # to Need a Hint?

use for Enter Y in
Your answers the box.
answers (see
worksheet
"Help")

DENCIES ON VOLTAGE

A
B
C

4 and 10

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I

3, 7, 8, and 10
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I

3, 5 , 6

A
B
C

A
B
C

1, 7, 8

A
B
C

1, 4, 7, and 8
 A
B
C
D

8, 10

A
B
C

1 and 7

A
B
C

Based on above

A
B

Will show after 50%.

 Hints

It's beter to try it first by yourself

It's beter to try it first by yourself

It's beter to try it first by yourself

It's beter to try it first by yourself

It's beter to try it first by yourself

It's beter to try it first by yourself

It's beter to try it first by yourself

It's beter to try it first by yourself

It's beter to try it first by yourself

It's beter to try it first by yourself

 Input data
Calculated data

Parameters (input
and calculated
Parameters (input and calculated parameters) parameters)

Real load Watts

Reactive load Vars
Apparent load VALoad
Current through a feeder segment Amps
Resistance of the feeder segment upstream
from capacitor Resistance
Reactance of the feeder segment upstream
from capacitor Reactance
Resistance of the feeder segment
downstream from capacitor
ResD
Reactance of the feeder segment downstream
from capacitor
ReactD
Real load-to-voltage dependency factor LTVwatts
Reactive load-to-voltage dependency factor LTVvars
In-phase voltage drop in a feeder segment
upstream from the capacitor VoltDropUp
In-phase voltage drop in a feeder segment
downstream from the capacitor VoltDropDown
Capacitor vars CapQ
Capacitor vars under nominal voltage CapQnom
Voltage in the beginning of the feeder VoltBeg
Voltage at the capacitor site VoltCx
Voltage at the end of the feeder VoltLoad
Real load under nominal voltage WattsNom
Reactive load under nominal voltage varsNom
Nominal voltage of the MV circuit VoltNom
Load power factor PowFact
Vars upstream from capacitor VarUp
Notes: 1. All questions of this quiz can be answered without using the formulas below base
2. Read the relevant formulas in column "L" to better understand the relationships
3. To use the formulas for calculations, enter input data corresponding to the subjec
4. The results of intermediate calculations that are used in other formulas are autom
5. Some input data is embedded in the formulas. To calculate the change in the resu
6. The input data entered in column "E" are examples. You can change them for ana

Values (input Units

and Exact or
calculated # Calculated Parameter approxi
data) mate

1.92 MW 1 VALoad =
0.88 Mvar 2 Amps =
2.11 MVA 3 VoltCx =
120.96 A 4 VoltDropUp ≈
1.00 Ohms ≈
5 VoltDropDown
3.00 Ohms ≈
6 VoltLoad
1.00 Ohms
7 Watts =
3.00 Ohms
8 Vars ≈
1.00 %Watt/%Volt 9 VarUp ≈
3.00 %var/%Volt 10 CapQ =

0.45 kV

0.47 kV
0.00 Mvar
0.00 Mvar
10.50 kV
10.06 kV
9.59 kV
2.00 MW
1.00 Mvar
10.00 kV
0.91 PU
0.88 Mvar
using the formulas below based on an understanding of the relationships between the involved parameters
understand the relationships between different operational parameters.
ta corresponding to the subject question in the cells of column "E". Pay attention to the units.
ed in other formulas are automatically entered in corresponding cells of column "E". The calculations are ite
alculate the change in the results, check whether you need to change some data in the formulas
. You can change them for analysis of the impacts of different input data on the results.

Calculated
values

2.11
120.96
10.06
0.45

0.47

9.59

1.92

0.88
0.88
0.00
mulas below based on an understanding of the relationships between the involved parameters. Try it first.
he relationships between different operational parameters.
ing to the subject question in the cells of column "E". Pay attention to the units.
rmulas are automatically entered in corresponding cells of column "E". The calculations are iterative
hange in the results, check whether you need to change some data in the formulas
nge them for analysis of the impacts of different input data on the results.

Formulas

=(Watts^2+Vars^2)^0.5
=(Watts^2+(Vars-CapQ)^2)^0.5/VoltCx/3^0.5*1000
=((VoltBeg-(Watts*Resistance+(Vars-CapQ)*Reactance)/VoltCx)^2+((Watts*Reactance-(Vars-CapQ)*
=(Watts*Resistance+(Vars-CapQ)*Reactance)/VoltCx

=(Watts*ResD+Vars*ReactD)/VoltLoad

=VoltCx-VoltDropDown

=WattsNom*(1+LTVwatts*(VoltLoad-VoltNom)/VoltNom)

=varsNom*(1+LTVvars*(VoltLoad-VoltNom)/VoltNom)
=Vars-CapQ
=CapQnom*(VoltCx/VoltNom)^2