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Documente Cultură
01 de septiembre de 2018
Solución:
Solución:
1
◦
0 57
57 = = 0.95◦
60
◦
0 1
1 = = 0.000277◦
3600
17◦ + 0.95◦ + 0.000277
◦
= 17.950277◦
1h
17.950277◦ × = 1.19668h
15◦
60h
0.19668h × = 11.8008m
Figura 3: Astro con declinación +30◦ y ascensión recta 7 1h
horas 60s
0.8008m × = 48.04s
1m
17◦ 570 100 = 1h 11m 48.04s
4. Expresar en horas (h), minutos (m) y segundos (s),
las ascensiones rectas iguales a 284◦ 150 1700 , 17◦ 570 c) 191◦ 130 5900
100 y 191◦ 130 5900 .
13 ◦
0
13 = = 0.22◦
Solución: 60
59 ◦
0
59 = = 0.0164◦
3600
191◦ + 0.22◦ + 0.0164
◦
= 191.2364◦
1h
191.2364◦ × = 12.749h
15◦
60h
0.749h × = 44.94m
1h
60s
0.94m × = 56.4s
1m
191◦ 130 5900 = 12h 44m 56.4s
Figura 4: método para cambio de grados a horas
5. Expresar en grados (◦ ), minutos de arco (0 ) y segundos
de arco (00 ) las ascensiones rectas iguales a 3h 17m 9s,
Aplicando el método como se muestra en la figura (3) 19h 2m 39s y 21h 0m 3s.
se tiene:
a) 284◦ 150 1700
Solución:
◦
15 a) 3h 17m 9s
150 = = 0.25◦
60
17 ◦
1h
0
17 = = 0.0047222◦ 17m × = 0.283h
3600 60m
284◦ + 0.25◦ + 0.0047222 ◦ ◦
1h
=284.2547222 9× = 0.0025h
1h 3600s
284.2547222◦ × = 18.95031h
15◦ 3h + 0.283h + 0.0025h
= 3.286h
60h 15◦
0.95031h × = 57.0186m 3.286h × = 49.283◦
1h 1h
60s 600
0.0186m × = 1.1s 0.283◦ × ◦ = 16.980
1m 1
284◦ 150 1700 = 18h 57m 1.1s 60 00
0.980 × ◦ = 58.800
1
b) 17◦ 570 100 3h 17m 9s = 49◦ 160 58.800
2
b) 19h 2m 39s b) 4◦ 380 400
1h
38 ◦
2m × = 0.03h 0
60m 38 = = 0.63◦
60
1h ◦
39 × = 0.011h 0 4
3600s 4 = = 0.0011◦
3600
19h + 0.03h +0.011h = 19.041h
◦ 23◦ + 0.63◦ + 0.0011◦ = 4.63◦
15
19.041h × = 285.615◦
1h
600
0.615◦ × ◦ = 36.90
1 90◦ − 23.44◦ + 4.63◦ = 71.19◦ (2)
6000
0.90 × ◦ = 5400
1 7. La estrella Polaris, realmente dista del polo norte ce-
19h 2m 39s = 285◦ 360 5400 leste un ángulo de 58 minutos de arco. Cuál es la
declinación de Polaris
c) 21h 0m 3s
1h
Solución:
0m × = 0h
60m
1h
3× = 0.00083h
3600s 58 ◦
0
21h + 0h + 0.00083h 58 = = 0.97◦
◦ = 21.00083h 60
15 90◦ − 0.97 = 89.03
21.00083h × = 315.0125◦
1h
600 8. Si un astro tiene el ángulo horario h=18 horas. En
0.0125◦ × ◦ = 0.750
1 qué parte de la esfera celeste se ve ?
6000
0.750 × ◦ = 4500
1
21h 0m 3s = 315◦ 00 4500
Solución:
Tenemos que la latitud del campo UN es igual a 4◦
380 400 , la oblicuidad de la elı́ptica (fecha) es igual 23◦
260 1300
3
coordenadas acimut y altura para un observador en valor muy cercano.
Bogotá, la noche del 1 de septiembre de 2018 a las
6:30 pm. Se puede ver esta estrella a esa hora ? Ayu-
da. http://www.convertalot.com/celestial ho- Por último se calcula el Azimut mediante la expre-
rizon co-ordinates calculator.html. sión:
Solución:
sin(t)
Azi = tan−1 = 41.17◦
sin(lat)cos(t) − cos(t)tan(δ)
Las fórmulas que nos permiten cambiar entre los sis-
temas de coordenadas ecuatorial y horizontal son:
La altura se calcula por medio de la siguiente expre- Figura 8: ascensión recta α = 04h 35m 55.23s y declina-
sión: ción δ =16◦ 300 33.4900 para la estrella aldebarán
4
Solución: 12. Cuál será la posición de una estrella que tiene una
ascensión recta de 7h y una declinación de 40◦ , el 21
de Marzo una hora después de la puesta del Sol para
LHAobjecto = LST − αobjecto (3) un observador que se encuentra dentro del campus de
la UN ?
(Si el resultado es negativo, sumamos 360 grados. Si
el resultado es mayor que 360, restamos 360 grados).
Solución:
23h17m = 23.28h
20h38m = 20.63h
23.28h − 20.63h = 2.65h
15◦
2.65h × = 40.2◦
1h
600
0.2 × ◦ = 120
1 Figura 10: puesta de Sol para el 21 de marzo de 2018
LHA = 40◦ 120
Solución:
5
−1 sin(t)
Azi = tan = 48.59◦
sin(lat)cos(t) − cos(t)tan(δ)
Solución:
Solución:
6
Basic Coordinates & Seasons – Student Guide
There are three main sections to this module: terrestrial coordinates, celestial equatorial
coordinates, and understanding how the ecliptic is related to seasons on the Earth. Each
of these sections has its own simulator(s). The background material necessary to utilize
these tools is contained in each section.
Terrestrial Coordinates
Work through the explanatory material on units of longitude and latitude, finding
longitude and latitude, and a bit of history (optional).
Open the flat map explorer.
Familiarize yourself with the cursor and how it prints out the longitude and
latitude of the active map location.
Note that you can vary the central meridian of the map (i.e. change its longitude).
Use the “shift map” arrows at the top of the simulator to affect large rapid
changes. Use the shift-click feature of the cursor for finer control.
Note what information is accessible through the show cities and show map
features check boxes.
Center the cursor on your present location. Click the open Google Maps button to
launch the Google Map tool focused on this location. Experiment until you get a
good feeling for the Google Map’s capabilities and then close this window. (Note
that you must be connected to the Internet to make use of this feature.)
Question 1: Use the flat map explorer to complete the following table. You are
encouraged to try and predict the answers and then use the map’s cursor and other
features to check the accuracy of your estimates.
Question 2: Determine which of the 50 states defines the farthest extent of the United
States in each of the 4 map directions.
Open the globe explorer. You are encouraged to use the Terrestrial Coordinate
Explorers link which opens both simulators at the same time for the following two
questions. Familiarize yourself with the features noting that they are very similar
to those in the flat map explorer.
Question 4: A) Where is the north pole on the flat map explorer? What is its shape?
B) Where is the north pole on the globe explorer? What is its shape?
Question 7: Find the constellation of Orion shown in the box below and measure the
right ascension and declination of its brightest stars Betelgeuse and Rigel. Note that
Orion is located on the celestial equator.
Question 10: Write out a description of the ecliptic on the flat sky map. What does the
shape look like? Describe the ecliptic in terms of its average and range of declination
values.
Practice clicking and dragging in this panel to change the Tip: Note that if you
click and drag the
perspective. Change the perspective so that you are Earth, you will
looking directly down onto the plane of the Earth’s orbit change the date and
location rather than
Click labels. Note that you can see how the direct rays of the perspective.
the sun hit at different latitudes throughout the year.
Experiment with this view until you can quickly create the two views shown
below. Note that these images explain the shape of the elliptic on the celestial
sphere. In the image on the left (summer solstice) an observer on the Earth sees
the sun above the celestial equator. In the image on the right (winter solstice) an
observer on the Earth sees the sun below the celestial equator.
This view shows the earth as seen from the sun. It gives the
best view of the subsolar point – the location on the earth
where the direct rays of the sun are hitting. The noon
observer’s location on the Earth is indicated by a red parallel
of latitude which can be dragged to new latitudes (this affects
the appearance of the lower right panel). It is possible for the
red parallel to be at an inaccessible location in this view.
Create the image shown to the right – an observer at latitude
80°N on the summer solstice.
This view shows the earth as seen from a location in Tip: Once the stick figure
is selected you can gain
the plane of the ecliptic along a line tangent to the
greater precision over its
Earth’s orbit. It allows one to easily see the regions of motion by moving the
the Earth that are in daylight and those that are in mouse a distance away
shadow. from the figure.
This view shows a “cylinder” of light coming from the sun. It is projected on a
grid to convey the area over which the light is spread. As this light is spread over
a larger area, its intensity decreases.
Question 12: Using the data in the table above, formulate general rules relating the
declination of the sun to the latitude where the most direct and least direct rays of the sun
are hitting.
Question 13: The region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is
commonly known as the tropics. Using the sunlight data table from question 11, define
the significance of this region.
Question 15: Use the simulator to complete the table below. For each latitude write a
short paragraph which describes the variations in sunlight (seasons) that are experienced
at this latitude throughout the year.