SMK SACRED HEART

EXPERIMENT CATEGORY A
CHAPTER 6: ENERGY VALUE
(IBSE GUIDED INQUIRY)

NAME : ...................................................................
CLASS : ………………………………………………..
DATE : ………………………………………………..
Obesity statistics ring alarm bells in Malaysia. Malaysia rank 1st in Southeast Asia as shown in
Diagram 1. Obesity is related to the energy value taken by an individual. The knowledge of energy
value in food is important to help Malaysian in planning diets according to their daily energy
requirements and choosing their food wisely.

Diagram 1

As a nutritionist, you are required to identify the energy value in some food samples to solve the
obesity problem in Malaysia.

Title: Experiment 6.1 To determine the energy value in food samples

Instructions :
Based on the situation above, you are asked to carry out an experiment to determine the energy value in
food samples. You are required to prepare an experiment report which includes the following aspects:
1. Title
2. Objective
3. Problem statement
4. Variables:
(a) Manipulated variable:
(b) Responding variable:
(c) Constant variables:
5. Hypothesis
6. Materials and apparatus
7 Diagram
8. Procedure
9. Data presentation
10 Discussion
In your report, questions below can be the guidelines for your discussion
(a) Plot a bar chart of the energy value against the food samples.
(b) Based on the bar chart plotted, state and explain the relationship between the food samples
and the energy value.
(c) Suggest three ways in which you can improve the apparatus set-up in order to obtain a more
accurate result.
(d) Another group of students carried out the same experiment by using a dried coconut kernel.
Predict the energy value of this food sample and explain your prediction.
11. Conclusion

During the experiment, you will also be evaluated on:

(a) Manipulative skills ( the handling of an apparatus during the experiment and correct
observation / measurement)
(b) Scientific attitude (cleaning, storing apparatus, etc)
(c) Moral values (Cooperation, honesty and others)
Students are advised to use the Scoring Guide below when making practical reports

Objective /
Materials and
Problem ___/ 1 Hypothesis ___/ 1 Variables ___/ 3 ___/ 1
apparatus
Statement
Safety Data
Diagram ___/ 1 Procedure ___/ 3 ___/ 1 ___/ 2
precautions presentation
Analysis &
Manipulative
interpreting ___/ 4 ___/ 2 Moral value ___/ 1
skills
data
Total marks ___/ 20

Scoring Summary:

Scoring Items Score

PKS Score _______ / 17

Manipulative skills _______ / 2

Moral value _______ / 1

Total _______ / 20
 SAMPLE OF PRACTICAL REPORT

No. Skills Answer Mark

1 Title Determining the energy value in food samples 0
2 Objective To determine the energy value in peanut, anchovy and white 1
bread.
3 Problem Which type of food samples, the peanut, anchovy and white
statement bread has the highest energy value?
4 Hypothesis Peanut has the highest energy value compared to anchovy and 1
white bread.
5 Variables
(a)Manipulated Type of food samples 1
(b)Responding Energy value in food samples 1
(c)Constant Volume of distilled water / The distance between the burning food 1
sample and the boiling tube
6 Materials and Boiling tube, thermometer, retort stand, pin (5-8 cm), shield,
apparatus measuring cylinder, Bunsen burner, electronic balance, distilled 1
water, peanut, anchovy, white bread, plasticine, cotton wool,
matches
7 Diagram

8 Procedure 1. Weigh a peanut and record its weight.

2. Pour 20 ml of distilled water into a boiling tube.
3. Clamp the boiling tube to a retort stand.
4. Record the initial temperature of the distilled water in the
boiling tube. Keep the thermometer in place by cotton wool.
5. Spike the peanut firmly to the end of a pin which is mounted
on some plasticine.
6. Place the apparatus set-up in a wind shield.
7. Ignite the peanut by holding it to the flame of a Bunsen 1
burner. Place immediately the burning peanut beneath the
boiling tube to heat the water.
(Kaedah mengawal PUM)
8. Stir the water gently with the thermometer to distribute the
heat evenly.
9. Record the final temperature of water, that is, the highest 1
temperature reached as soon as the peanut is completely
burnt.
(Kaedah mendapat data PUM)
10. Calculate the energy value of the peanut using the following
formula:
Energy value = 4.2 (J g-1 oC-1) × mass of water (g) × increase in temperature (oC)
(kJ g-1) mass of food sample (g) × 1000
11. Repeat steps 1 to 10 using an anchovy and white bread to 1
replace the peanut.
(Ulangi langkah)
12. Record the results in a table.

Precautional step:
1. Make sure the thermometer does not touch the base of the 1
boiling tube
2. Place the apparatus set-up in a wind shield.
(any 1)
9 Data presentation
Food Peanut Anchovy White bread 1
samples 1 2 Average 1 2 Average 1 2 Average

Mass of food 0.5 0.6 0.55 0.63 0.61 0.62 0.4 0.4 0.45
sample (g) 0 0 4 6
Mass of
distilled 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
water (g) 1
Initial
temperature 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28
of water (oC)
Final
temperature 67 69 68 55 53 54 41 43 42
of water (oC)
Increase in
temperature 39 41 40 21 19 26 14 16 15
(oC)
Energy value 6.11 3.52 2.80
(kJ g-1)

10 Discussion
Energy value = 4.2 (J g-1 oC-1) × mass of water (g) × increase in temperature (oC) 1
(kJ g-1) mass of food sample (g) × 1000

Energy value of peanut = 4.2 × 20 × 40 1

0.55 × 1000
= 6.11 kJ g-1 1+1

Energy value of anchovy = 4.2 × 20 × 26

0.62 × 1000
= 3.52 kJ g-1
or
Energy value of white bread = 4.2 × 20 × 15
0.45 × 1000
= 2.80 kJ g-1

Or
The Bar Chart of energy value (kJ g-1)) of each food
samples

Energy value (kJ g-1)

4
7.0
Question (a)
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0
Or
0.0
Peanut Anchovy White Bread

Food samples

Question (b) Peanut has higher energy value than dried fish and white bread
because it contains lipid but dried fish contains protein and white
bread contains carbohydrate. Thus, more heat is released and
absorbed by the distilled water after peanut is completely burnt
compared to fried fish and dried bread.
Question (c) (a) Water in the boiling tube must be stirred to ensure that the
heat is distributed evenly.
(b) The food must be oxidised completely by making sure the 4
flame does not extinguish too quickly.
(c) The distance between the food and the boiling tube must not
be too far.
 Question (d) Energy value of dried coconut kernel is higher than 6.11 kJ g-1
compared to peanut because it has more lipid. Thus, more heat
is released and absorbed by the water after dried coconut kernel
is completely burnt.
11 Conclusion Peanut has the highest energy value compared to anchovy and
white bread. The hypothesis is accepted.
Manipulative (a) the handling of an apparatus during the experiment and 1
skills correct observation / measurement,
(b) cleaning, storing apparatus, etc 1
Moral value Honesty, Cooperation, others 1
Total marks 20