Anclajes Peikko

COMPOSITE BEAM
DELTABEAM
THE MOST ADVANCED COMPOSITE BEAM
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
IMPROPER USE OF THE DELTABEAM CAN CAUSE SEVERE INJURIES OR DEATH
PLEASE READ AND FOLLOW THE SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS PROVIDED IN THIS BROCHURE
1 Printed in Canada
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM
Deltabeam is a composite beam designed for slim-floor multi-story constructions. The beam is
completely concreted after installation on site to create the composite action between concrete
and steel. The composite action enhances the capacity of the beam significantly and enables long
clear spans with a shallow floor depth. Deltabeams can be used with either hollow core slabs,
filigree slabs, or with cast-in-place concrete slabs.
Sustainable
Moreover, a slim-floor system will reduce the carbon footprint of the building by using less material,
and by reducing the quantity of energy required for the entire life cycle of the building.
Fireproof
Due to its longitudinal reinforcement and concrete filling, the Deltabeam can be designed with
an integrated fire rating as high as 3 hours without additional fire proofing material applied on the
exposed steel surface.
Cost-Effective
Shallow floor structures will optimize the vertical space of the building, reduce conflicts with
mechanical systems and lead to savings related to construction and maintenance. This is achieved
through important material reductions as well as building volume and mass reduction.
Figure 1. Installation of hollow core concrete slabs on a Deltabeam. Figure 2. Deltabeam combined with a steel column and hollow core slabs.
CONTENTS
FLEXIBILITY ......................................................................................................... 3
COST-EFFECTIVENESS ................................................................................... 9
SUSTAINABILITY ........................................................................................... 11
FIRE RESISTANCE ......................................................................................... 13

DESIGN PRINCIPLES ..................................................................................... 15
INSTALLATION AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS .......................................... 21
PROJECT PICTURES ...................................................................................... 25
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FLEXIBILITY
DELTABEAM
INTERMEDIATE BEAMS
EDGE BEAMS
THE DELTABEAM CAN BE SUPPORTED BY ALL TYPES OF COLUMNS

FLEXIBILITY
STEEL COMPOSITE CONCRETE

STEEL + CONCRETE
3
CONTINUOUS COLUMNS
RIGID FRAME
CONTINUOUS COLUMNS
FLEXIBILITY
NON
ON RIGID
RIG F FRAME
FR
RAAME
ME CONTINUOUS BEAMS
RIGID FRAME
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FLEXIBILITY
DELTABEAM
M
OTTO
B
A BLE E
ST G
JU FLAN
AD
DELTABEAM SIDE CONNECTION

FLEXIBILITY
5
CANTILEVER SLAB CONNECTION TO
CLADDING
VARIATION OF SLAB THICKNESS
CA
NT
ILEV
ER
SL
AB
SLAB OPENING
FLEXIBILITY
CONTINUOUS COLUMNS
RIGID FRAME
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FLEXIBILITY
DELTABEAM
SUPERIOR FLEXIBILITY DUE TO GREATT SPANS
The Deltabeam can be produced for spans exceeding 45’-0 “(14m), allowing for easy interior remodelling or even changing
the purpose of the building without being limited by the distance between columns.
Figure 3. A flat structural ceiling. No need for garments.

This characteristic is especially interresting for pakings,
factories and storage rooms.
Figure
Fig 4. Very long spans can be acheived with Deltabeams
ure 4
resulting in large free space to move around easily with a vehicle
resulti
CANTILEVER
Figure 5 & 6
Fi 6. C
Cantilever
til Deltabeams
D lt b supporting
ti hollow
h ll core slabs
l bs Figure 7. Cantilever filigree slabs
The Deltabeam can be supported as cantilever and it can also support cantilever filigree slabs.
STEEEL CHANNELS FOR ADDIITIONAL CA

APACITY OR SLAB VARIATION
FLEXIBILITY
Figure 8. Deltabeam with formwork sheet when hollow core slabs are Figure 9. Deltabeam with steel channel (left) to accomodate a thinner slab.
thinner than the beam
It is possible to weld steel channels on the bottom flange of the Deltabeam to increase the moment of inertia and therefore
the capacity. The deltabeams can be produced with different channels to accomodate different depths of hollow core slabs.
7
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS INTTEGRATTION
N
The unique shape of the Deltabeam leaves only a thin steel plate (< 1” or 25mm) under the hollow core slab which helps to
avoid conflicts between the structure and the ventilation ducts and other mechanical, plumbing or electrical equipment. The
Deltabeam web holes can be used to run wires and conduits through the beam
Figure 10. Deltabeam helps avoid conflicts Figure 11. A cable tray (on the left) can be installed Figure 12 The Deltabeam web holes can be used to
between ventilation ducts and structure directly under the Deltabeam run wires and conduits.
SLA
ABS OPENINGS WITH HOLLOW COR
RE SLABS
S
Openings with hollow core slabs must be planned in the design phase given that they typically require slab hangers that
are supported by adjacent slabs. In the event where the opening is located directly next to the Deltabeam, the beam will be
produced with a steel form on the side of the opening.
Figure 13, 14, 15 & 16. Petra used on site. Specially designed to work with hollow core slabs, Petra varies in size (slabs thickness) and lenght (number of
slabs supported).
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ADJU

USTM N-SITE
MENT ON
When combining the Deltabeam with the Peikko® PC Corbels, it is possible to reposition the Delta-
beam horizontally and vertically without cutting or welding the haunch even on concrete columns. The
PCs Corbel allows a tolerance of 1/2” (12mm) in all directions without any modifications. If tolerances
needed exceed 1/2” (12mm), the corbel can simply be relocated by removing the bolts and welding the
corbel on the console part.
Figure 17. PC Corbel.
CUSTOM BEAM SHAPES
The Deltabeam can be manufactured in curves or with openings to allow unmatched architectural flexibility when working
with hollow core slabs.
FLEXIBILITY
Figure 18. Deltabeam with curved formwork sheet and Fi

Figure 19 Deltabeam
19. D l b i h architectural
with hi l formwork
f k sheet
h d no
and
downstand. downstand.
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COST-EFFECTIVENESS
DELTABEAM
SAVINGS DURING CONSTRUCTION
MANPOWER
With Peikko’s modular structural system, a smaller crew can erect a multi-story building faster than with any other system
available on the market.
Figure 20
Fi 20. D
Deltabeams
l b can be
b installed
i ll d in
i a few
f minutes
i Figure 21
Fi 21.
1 The
Th installation
i t ll ti off precastt slabs
l b requires
i lless ti
time and
d llabor.
b
CONSTRUCTION TIME
Given that the Peikko® system is made in a controlled production facility, construction time on-site is minimized. Reduced
construction time will help delivering the building ahead of schedule and hereby enable a faster return on investment.
WEATHER AND WINTER CONSTRUCTION

Modular structural systems avoid being at the mercy of the cli-
matic variations. Climatic variations have little affect on modu-
lar structural systems. With precast components, the concrete
reaches its required compressive strength in ideal plant condi-
tions at the plant. Since the concrete has already cured when
arriving at the construction site, the costs of labor and tempo-
rary heating on the construction site are greatly reduced.
REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF MATERIAL

When the buildings are constructed with the Peikko® system,
the vertical space between floors is minimized. By having slim
floors compared to regular steel or concrete beams combined
to hollow core slabs, it is possible to significantly reduce the
amount of material mounted vertically in buildings. Figure 22. The speed of erection is also optimized in winter conditions.
NO NEED FOR SHORING POSTS OR FORMWORK

C O S T- E F F E C T I V E N E S S
The Deltabeam is designed to be sufficiently stiff during construction to support hollow core slabs without shoring. A
construction site without temporary shoring posts allows different trades to have access to the site earlier, thus reducing
the overall time of construction.
Figure 23. Deltabeams can support hollow core slabs without the need Figure 24. Temporary shoring posts in traditional cast-in-place construc-
for temporary shoring posts. tions will block the way for all construction trades
9
By combining the Deltabeam with hollow core slabs, only some joints require shoring. Avoiding the use of formwork will eliminate
the need for shoring and reduce handling time for setting up forms and once again will cut down construction time.
RESISTANT TO FIRE WITHOUT FIREPROOFING

The Deltabeam can be designed with an integrated fire rating of up to three hours (3h), therefore avoiding the need for fireproof-
ing. Deltabeam with hollow core slabs can create a fire rated floor without fire proofing material. When the Peikko® slim floor
system is combined with concrete columns or whith steel columns inside walls, the structure requires no fireproofing.
REDUCED WEIGHT OF THE STRUCTURE
Figure 25. Exposed Deltabeams can be painted with regular latex based paint Figure 26. Traditional steel structures must be fireproofed on-site
Hollow core slabs can weigh up to 30% less than cast-in-place slabs. With that in mind, the entire structure and foundations can
be scaled down in proportion to the weight reduction of the slab (30%).
SAVINGS OVER THE LIFETIME OF THE BUILDING

ADDITIONAL FLOOR SPACE TO RENT
The Peikko® system is designed to minimize the loss of vertical space and therefore maximize the floor space available for multi-
floor buildings. The Peikko® system will enable you to maximize your space according to the maxi-
mum height imposed by the municipality.
ENERGY SAVINGS
The Peikko® system allows for energy savings during the useful life of buildings by reducing their
overall height by up to 10%. By reducing the height of the building, costs of heating and cooling
are reduced proportionately.
REDUCTION OF MAINTENANCE COSTS
C O S T- E F F E C T I V E N E S S
The Peikko® system further reduces the cost of air conditioning and heating using the active and
passive Thermal mass of the building. Figure 27. The Deltabeam allows
owners to obtain an extra floor for
a specific height of building.
10
Figure 28. Saxo Bank Headquarters
SUSTAINABILITY
DELTABEAM
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION DESIGN FOR MULTI STORY BUILDINGS

Peikko® commissioned an expert company in carbon as-
sessment and building construction, dCarbon8, to carry out
an independent study on its Deltabeam product. The goal of
the study was to assess the lifecycle carbon impact of us- H
ing Deltabeam versus using the widely used steel wide
flange beam in a school building design. The study was car-
ried out in compliance with recognized international stand-
ard (ISO 14040) for carbon assessment, so the results could
be considered throughout Peikko®’s operating countries.
The results of the study were that compared to a business-

as-usual-approach using a steel I beam, the Deltabeam
option offered a 5 percent saving in total carbon impacts
over the lifetime of the building. These savings came from
the raw material savings on beams, saving on other build-
ing materials. There was considerable reduction in the Figure 29. Height reduction acheived with slim floors.
carbon impact of onsite activities and savings due to a tion of the energy consumption. The energy consumption of
more efficient structure during the life-time of the build- buildings is greatly influenced by their outer envelope. The
ing with regards to e.g. heating or cooling of the building. amount of energy lost by thermal conductivity is propor-
tional to the exposed area of the envelope. When reducing
the thickness of the floors, the area of the building envelope
REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF MATERIAL USED is reduced, thus leading to energy savings of up to 10%.
Due to its composite effect, the Deltabeam will re-
duce the amount of steel and concrete need- REDUCED ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY USING THE
ed for the construction of concrete floors THERMAL MASS
The hollow core slabs can reduce up to 30% the The thermal mass is an effective way to reduce energy con-
amount of concrete needed to build a floor. Reducing sumption in buildings without significant investment. The
the amount of concrete used for all floors, reduces the thermal mass consists of storing solar energy as heat into the
size of columns and foundations that support the slabs. mass of the structure. To do so, the designer must be sure
that sunlight hits a large mass in order to transmit energy. The
REDUCING THE HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS USING structure thus acts as a battery that stores heat during the
DELTABEAM day and releases that heat at night when the building needs
Reducing the thickness of the floor also significantly re- heating. With the Peikko® system, it is possible to use two
duces the amount of material used in construction. With forms of thermal mass: active and passive. The active ther-
the Peikko® system, you can save up to 24 “(600 mm) by mal mass is to “charge” the mass using air conditioning sys-
S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y
floor. This economy of space affects the whole building and tem (eg, to circulate warm air in the concrete slab), while the
reduces the use of all materials installed vertically (drywalls, passive thermal mass requires only solar radiation to store
metal studs, pipes, ventilation ducts, bricks, windows, etc.) thermal energy. Thermal mass is a way to reduce the energy
consumption of buildings up to 20% recognized by ASHRAE.
REDUCTION OF THE WASTE GENERATED AT THE
CONSTRUCTION SITE SUSTAINABILITY OF PEIKKO® BUILDINGS
The elimination of formwork leads to a significant reduc- Buildings designed with the Peikko® system are among the
tion in the amount of waste generated at construction most durable on the market as they offer the opportunity to
sites. In addition, the wooden forms are in most cases be all concrete and therefore extremely resistant to weath-
non-reusable because they are coated with concrete. er, natural disasters, explosions, mildew and of course fire.
Peikko® buildings are durable and lead to less long term
ECOLOGICAL DURING THE LIFE OF THE BUILDING environmental impact caused by any demolition and recon-
Reducing the surface of the envelope will lead to a reduc- struction of buildings designed with structures less durable.
11
VERTICAL SAVINGS COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL WIDE FLANGE BEAMS
Deltabeam Leveling Topping

Hollow core slab
Cast-in-place concrete Shear connector
Metal deck
Height Wide Flange / I-beam

Reduction
The embodied carbon impact for the school is 10% lower Overall, the Deltabeam option has a lesser carbon
for the Deltabeam solution, principally due to a reduction in impact than the wide flange beam design in both
raw materials required. Less steel is required for Deltabeam embodied and operational stages, with a 5% total
solutions, and a reduction in ceiling height saves other reduction in carbon impacts.
materials. This represents a total carbon saving of 267 t CO2e
The greatest impact for embodied carbon is found in from cradle to grave over 60 years on this design.
raw materials due to the large quantities of energy required
in their manufacture.
S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y
FIRE RESISTANCE
DELTABEAM
PEIKKO® GROUP IMPLEMENTED IN NOVEMBER 2009 AN EXTENSIVE FOUR-PHASE FIRE TEST SERIES FOR THE DEL-
TABEAM-HOLLOW CORE STRUCTURE AT THE FIRE LABORATORY OF SP TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE. THE TEST
PROVED THE UNIQUENESS OF DELTABEAM PARTICULARLY WHEN USED TOGETHER WITH HOLLOW CORE SLABS.
Figure 29.Exposed Deltabeams at SP Laboratory’s full scale furnace
INTRODUCTION
The intent of the series of four full scale fire tests was to docu-
ment the ability of the Deltabeam to support hollow core slabs
during a fire with an exposed steel flange.
The results from the tests showed that load transferred be-
tween the hollow core slabs and the exposed Deltabeam was
complete. The capacity from a typical hollow-core slab and a
typical Deltabeam during fire was at least 19% of the shear
capacity of the slab in an ambient design situation.
TEST ASSEMBLY
The test assembly was composed of one intermediate Del- Figure 30. Drawing off fire test assembly
tabeam and 2 edge Deltabeams with all three steel bottom
flanges directly exposed to fire. The Deltabeams were sup-
porting standard hollow core slabs. The hydraulic rams applied
a load on the slabs to simulate a uniform load equivalent to 3.3
F I R E R E S I S TA N C E
kips /linear foot (48 kN/m).
Figure 31. Fire test assembly
The test assembly was placed on a supporting structure out-

side of the furnace and the Deltabeams were supported on
roller bearings to allow free expansion in the span direction of
the beams and angular deflexion of the beams. The load was
kept constant during the entire test.
13
TEST RESULTS CONCLUDING REMARKS
The two 1h tests, the 2h test and the 3h test all resisted the The Deltabeam was able to carry the load from the hol-
applied loading under fire. The specimens did not fail and they low core slab during all four fire tests. The transfer of load
successfully maintained their load bearing capacity during from the hollow core slab to the Deltabeam did not hap-
the entire test period, also preserved integrity and insulation pen through the support of the slab on the bottom flange
capacity during the fire tests. The interaction between the hollow of the Deltabeam, as the bending capacity of the bottom
core slabs and the Deltabeam was also preserved. The force flange in all fire tests was practically zero due to the high
transmission from slab to Deltabeam occurred with no local temperatures. The load transfer must therefore rely on the
bending deformation of the bottom flange of the Deltabeam. compression of the slab to the inclined web of the Delta-
beam, a bow action, combined with friction along the web
surface. The compression arises from tension in the joint
reinforcement between the hollow core slabs and also from
the expansion of the slab structure.
UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES LISTING

In October 2010, the Peikko Group obtained a listing of 1,
1-1/2 & 2 from Underwriters Laboratories. Validations were
executed by Hughes Associates with the well-known three-
dimensional finite element analysis software HEATING
[Childs, 1998], in accordance with UL263 and ASTM E119
standards.
Figure 32. Inside the furnace Deltabeam supporting hollow core slabs tested in
a real fire situation.
The deflection of the test assembly was measured during the fire
tests. The maximum fire induced deflection for the 60 minutes
test was 3 3/16”(82 mm) for the slab and 3” (75 mm) for the Del-
tabeam. The corresponding values for the 120 minutes test were
5 3/4” (145 mm) and 4 3/4” (110) mm respectively. The K918 rating is valid for the United States of America and
Canada. For more information, please visit UL’s directory.
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION INSIDE AN

EXPOSED DELTABEAM DURING FIRE
F I R E R E S I S TA N C E
EXPOSED STEEL
Dy1, Dy7: Middle of edge Deltabeam

Dy2, Dy6: Middle of hollow core slabs
Dy3, Dy5: Middle of applied load
Dy4: Middle of main Deltabeam
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
DELTABEAM
1. DESIGNING WITH DELTABEAM
1.1 DESIGN PRINCIPLES
While designing the Deltabeam, shear, torsion and moment capacity of the steel section
are calculated to ensure enough resistance during construction. The steel section must
withstand the slab weight, the weight of the poured-in-place concrete and the additional
construction loads. During construction, the beam does not require support to prevent
bending or deflection. Shoring near support to prevent torsion may be used to reduce
connection sizes, but appropriate connection design can eliminate any type of shoring
during construction.
The shear joint between the concrete and the steel beam is formed by the dual action of
the web holes located in the web of the beam. Static loading tests have proven that the
interaction rate is complete. The concrete casted inside of the beam contributes to its
capacity, the reinforcement is anchored from the end of the slab over the length of the Figure 33. Minimum transverse reinforcement
anchoring zone of the beam. With hollow-core slabs, the location of web holes is adjusted
to the joints between the slab elements.
The bearing support distance (to hollow-core slab or other deck) may vary from standard
requirements, see figure 34. If the bearing support distance is shorter than shown on
figure 34, Peikko® must be consulted. Using smaller bearing surface impacts the design,
dimensioning and cost of the Deltabeam.
Figure 34. Maximum distance between web and slab.
Peikko® will carry out detailed project-specific measuring in the implementation phase.
Then, the service and ultimate strength properties even in case of fire are checked. Also the required pre-cambering of
the beam is defined. Deltabeam is designed to ensure hollow core slabs require no additional support or braces during
installation.
2. DELTABEAM BEAM TYPES

INTERMEDIATE BEAMS (D)
Intermediate beams are typically used between two hollow core slabs. A site-specific special type can be used
ed
if necessary. The width and/or height of the special types are modified from the normal dimensions. If Inter-
r-
mediate beams are used as edge beams with formwork sheet, then the fire protection of the free side is
obtained with the concrete cover.
EDGE BEAMS (DR)
The Delta edge beam is designed to serve as a slab edge beam when a narrower Deltabeam is needed ded
and the vertical side is protected from fire by other structures. The edge beam can also be used on n
aperture edges, which usually require separate fire protection for the vertical web. The need for fire protec-
tion must be determined on a case-by-case basis. Width is also determined on a case-by-case basis.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Beams with elevated ledges may be used to increase the moment of inertia of the section. It is often more
re cost
effective to increase the height of the beam than to increase the plates thicknesses. Beam ledges’ height may be
varied to accommodate different slab thicknesses on either side (see figure 8).
3. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
3.1 Expansion and working joints of the slabs
Transverse expansion joints are built in the console coupling by encasing the inside of the beam end joint to create room
for movement after casting. A longitudinal expansion joint is placed at the beam ledge.
Working joints are placed on a case-by-case basis so that they can be taken into account when performing strength cal-
culations.
3.2 VOIDS AND JOINTS

It is preferable to have all perforations and voids made at the plant. Beam modifications are performed by flame cutting or
drilling. The structural engineer must mark the information of the voids and the joints on the data sheets. Peikko® must
always be contacted if any changes are to be made.
All on-site connections in the beam are to be installed in compliance with the instructions given by the structural engineer.
If additional connections are required, Peikko® must be contacted.
15 15
3.3 CONTINUOUS BEAMS OR CONTINUOUS COLUMNS
Single story column

With the Deltabeam, the structural engineer has the freedom
m to design with continuous beams orr
continuous columns.
Con
tinu
ous
bea
m
Simgle story column

Figure 35. Diagrams of a simply supported beam, continuous beams, and cantilever beam
3.3.1 CONTINUOUS BEAMS
Figure 36. Continuous Deltabeam
Figure 37. Deltabeam designed as continuous beams
Continuous beams are typically used for buildings from 1 to 6 floors to facilitate the erection and to use the negative moment
at the connection to reach greater spans with a given cross section. In the case of a Deltabeam, a greater span with a given
cross section means that it is possible to have huge spans with a very shallow beam which leads to unmatched slim floors.
3.3.2 CONTINUOUS COLUMNS
Multi-story
column
Figure 38. Deltabeam designed as simply supported beams between continuous

ti columns
l
Continuous columns are used anywhere from single story buildings
PRINCIPLES
Sim
ply
to high rise buildings. The benefit of continuous columns is that the sup
orte
d
axial load of the floors above 15 are never interrupted by a beam bea
this avoids the massive stiffeners inside the continuous beams for m
buildings over 6 floors. Continuous columns also allow designers

to reduce the amount of pieces needed to assemble the structure
by designing columns only limited by hauling consideration. Some
continuous columns erected with Peikko®’s column connection ex-
G NPRINCIPLES
ceeded the 100 feet (33m) mark.
3.4 CONNECTION DETAILS OF DELTABEAM

The structural engineer designs the connection details of the beam.
D E S IDESIGN
The connection must be designed in a way that the support reactions

of the beam are transferred to the supportive structure (e.g. column,
wall or another beam). This supportive structure must be designed to Figure 39. Deltabeam with continuous columns
16
16
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
DELTABEAM
b
bear the forces from the beam. In column-beam joints, it is recommended to
use the PCs Corbel designed especially for the steel beam.
u
Stress and torsion during installation must be taken into account when design-
S
iing the joint details and supportive structure. The bottom plate can be cut at
tthe end of the beam according to the joint details of the project and the data
sheet of the beam to be, e.g. skewed or arched. This way, the appearance of
s
tthe connections will be finished.
Peikko® sizes the beam according to the joint details. Peikko® also designs
P
Figure 40. PCs Corbel by Peikko®
the internal beam connections (cantilever and side joints).
3.5 DYNAMIC LOADS

The bearing capacities of the Deltabeams have been calculated for static loads. Greater partial safety factors
must be used for dynamic loads and fatigue loads on a case by case basis.
3.6 BASIC DESIGN INFORMATION

The basic information needed for the fastest manufacturing and strength calculations of the Deltabeams:
Floor plans with beam codes and load data, and all information affecting loading, e.g. continuity of slabs.
Note: The beams are installed in such a way that the identification codes read in the correct way (as
marked in the element chart).
Figure 41. Bottom flange cut
Connection details of the beams. arround the circular column
List of beams.
3.7 LEAD TIME

If the basic information is provided as described above, and connection details are standard, delivery time is 6 working weeks
from receiving of the basic information. In other cases delivery time varies from 4 to 8 weeks depending on the accuracy of
basic information provided and difficulty of details. Instructions for filling in the data sheet and an example sheet are located
on page 19. The data sheet pictures, beam list form and standard details can also be downloaded from Peikko®’s website.
Materials and standards:
ITEM STANDARD YIELD STRENGTH

Plates ASTM A572 50 KSI (345 MPa)
Rebars ASTM A706 60 KSI (414 MPa)
4.1 MANUFACTURING METHOD

DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Plasma, flame and me-

Plates
chanical cutting
Rebars Mechanical cutting
Welding MAG by hand or with robot
Welding class C (SFS-EN 25817)
4.2 MANUFACTURING TOLERANCES
Length L ± 3/16” (±5 mm)
Width B ± 3/16” (±5 mm)
Height h ± 1/8” (±3 mm)
fp ≤ L / 650 (measured from
Lateral flexure fp
the ledge and web angle
± L / 650 (in relation to the
Flexure fn
intended pre-cambering)
Size and location of holes ± 3/16” (±5 mm)
Location of couplings ± 3/16” (±5 mm)
Location of supp. parts
(c-profile, cambers, ± 3/16” (±5 mm)
formwork sheets
17
Figure 42. Deltabeam Gantry Welding Robot
17
4. DELTABEAM MANUFACTURING
4.3 SURFACE TREATMENT
The lower surface of the beam is primed to SA2.5 1/2000” (40 μm). Other painting and surface
treatment are agreed upon separately with the customer. For example, when the beams are ex-
posed to weather at the sites, it is recommended to consider a thicker coating of paint. The cus-
tomer must do the final painting on site.
The Deltabeam is rust-proofed or hot-dip galvanized. State-of-the-art surface coating techniques

such a metallization can also be used to ensure surface durability during transport and installation.
When the underside of the beam is finished in the same way as the slab, the Deltabeam can also
be left exposed, if desired.
4.4 QUALITY CONTROL

Peikko® Deltabeam meets ISO 9001 and 14001. Furthermore, Peikko® has a quality control agree- Figure 43. Rebars inside the beam for
ment with the VTT Technical Research Centre. Deltabeam has the type approval VTT-RTH-03040-07 extra capacity under fire
granted by the VTT Technical Research Centre 05/4204 granted by BBA, approval Z-26.2-49, ap-
proval 204/C5/2006/060-025293 and quality standard for welding EN 729-2 granted by Inspecta.
5. DELTABEAM PROFILE SELECTION

5.1 SELECTING THE DELTABEAM PROFILE
The preliminary selection of beam type is made on the basis of tables 1 and 2 and the bear-
ing capacity curves / pre-selection software. The pre-selecting software can be downloaded from
Peikko®’s website.
The typical depth of the Deltabeam is between 8” to 20”(200 - 500 mm). Maximum length is 42 -
44’ (12,9 - 13,4 m) depending on the thickness of the steel plate used.
It is more economical to use the Deltabeam for the short direction of the span and slabs in the Figure 44. Shear studs for extra capacity
direction of long span. under fire
Table 1. Dimensions of Deltabeam Table 2. Dimensions of edge beams
PRINCIPLES
B b2 b1 h Ø** B b2 b1 h Ø**
in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm
IDB 8-20 19-5/8 498 7 178 4 102 8 203 3-1/8 80 EDB 8-15 14-5/8 371 7 178 4 102 8 203 3-1/8 80
IDB 8-24 23-5/8 600 8-11/16 221 5 127 8 203 3-1/8 80 EDB 10-15 14-5/8 371 7 178 4 102 10 254 3-1/8 150
IDB 8-30 29 -5/8 752 14-1/2 368 5 127 8 203 3-1/8 80 EDB 12-15 14-5/8 371 7 178 4 102 12 305 3-1/8 150
G NPRINCIPLES
IDB 10-20 19-5/8 498 5-1/2 140 4 102 10 254 3-1/8 150 EDB 14-16 15 5/8 397 7 178 4 102 14 356 5-7/8 150
IDB 10-24 23-5/8 600 7-1/2 191 5 127 10 254 3-1/8 150 EDB 16-20 19-5/8 498 9-1/2 241 5 127 16 406 5-7/8 150
IDB 10-30 29 -5/8 752 12-13/16 326 5 127 10 254 5-7/8 150
IDB 12-20 19-5/8 498 4-1/2 114 4 102 12 305 5-7/8 150
*Plates thicknesses varies from 3/16” to 2”
D E S IDESIGN
IDB 12-24 23-5/8 600 6-1/8 156 5 127 12 305 5-7/8 150 **c/c distribution for web holes is always 12” (305 mm)
IDB 12-30 29 -5/8 752 12-13/16 326 5 127 12 305 5-7/8 150 Beam’s height and width can also be customized by the
IDB 14-24 23-5/8 600 5-1/2 140 5 127 14 356 5-7/8 150 customer within the maximum and minimum range in these
IDB 14-30 29 -5/8 752 11-1/2 284 5 127 14 356 5-7/8 150 tables. Minimum delivery for custom sizes is 7’-7/8” (200 mm).
IDB 16-30 29 -5/8 752 10-1/4 258 5 127 16 406 5-7/8 150
*Plates thicknesses varies from 3/16” to 2”
18
**c/c distribution for web holes is always 12” (305 mm)
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
DELTABEAM
6. CAPACITY CURVES Table 3. Load considerations for capacity curves
The allowable load-bearing capacity [plf] is presented for single- Variable Type of Load Load Value
span beams according to the type of the beam. wd1 (dead) 8” Hollow Core Slab 65 psf
Linearly distributed load equation: wd1 (dead) 10” Hollow Core Slab 70 psf
wd1 (dead) 12” Hollow Core Slab 75 psf
w[lbs/ft]=Lslab∙[d (wd1+wd2)+l (wl) ]
wd1 (dead) 14” Hollow Core Slab 90 psf
INTERMEDIATE BEAM CONSIDERED
IN CAPACITY CURVES wd1 (dead) 16” Hollow Core Slab 102 psf
wd2 (dead) 2 “ Leveling Topping 25 psf
wl (live) According to Requirements 50 psf
L BEAM
wl (live) According to Requirements 100 psf
Table 4. Safety factors used for capacity curves
L SLAB L SLAB Load Type USA Canada

Dead [d] 1.2 1.25
** Graphics should be used for estimation purposes only **
Live [l] 1.6 1.5
** Hollow core slabs resistance have not been evaluated **
DB8 Series Capacity Curves (8’’ Deltabeam) 50 psf 100 psf

12000
10000
Allowable 8’’ HollowCore Slab Span (ft)

50
Linearly Distributed Load (lbs/ft)
35
45
30
8000 40
+
35 25
T)
30
/F
$
t(
6000 20
s
Co
+
25
T)
/F
20
$
15
t(
-
s
Co
4000
15
-
10
2000
10
05
0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Beam span (ft)
DB10 Series Capacity Curves (10’’ Deltabeam) 50 psf 100 psf

DESIGN PRINCIPLES
16000 Allowable 10’’ HollowCore Slab Span (ft)

14000
45
12000
50
10000 35
+
40
+
8000
T)
T)
/F
/F
30 25
$
t(
t(
s
Co
s
Co
6000
-
4000 20 15
15 10
2000
10
05
0
10 15 20 25 30
19 19 Beam span (ft)

DB12 Series Capacity Curves (12’’ Deltabeam)
50 psf 100 psf
14000

35
12000
40
10000 30
35
8000 25
30
6000 20
20
15
4000 15
10
2000 10
05
05
0
15 20 25 30 35
Beam span (ft)

50 psf 100 psf
18000
16000

14000
45
12000
45
35
40
+
10000 30
+
35
T)
25
T)
/F
8000 30
/F
$
$
t(
t(
20
s
s
Co
Co
25
6000
20 15
-
4000 15 10
10
2000 05
05
0
15 20 25 30 35
Beam span (ft)

50 psf 100 psf
PRINCIPLES
14000
Allowable 16’’ Hollow Core Slab Span (ft)
35
12000 45
+
+
30
40
T)
10000
/F
T)
/F
$
t(
$
G NPRINCIPLES
t(
25
Co
35
s
Co
8000 30
20
-
-
25
6000 20 15
D E S IDESIGN
15
4000 10 10
2000 05
05
0
15 20 25 30 35
20
Beam span (ft)
INSTALLATION
DELTABEAM & SAFETY
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
& SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
7. DELIVERIES & STORAGE ON SITE
7.1. DELIVERIES
• Deltabeams are delivered according to the agreed project
schedule. Each shipment should be confirmed two weeks prior
delivery with Peikko®
• It is not economical or practical to load Deltabeams in erection sequence
• Identification marks can be fond on the top flange of each beam.
7.2 STORAGE ON SITE

• The bottom side of the Deltabeams are treated with anticorrosive primer. For long-term storage the
Deltabeams should be covered.
• When storing Deltabeams in piles, the bearing capacity and level of the soil/ground/mark should
be verified
• When storing Deltabeams in piles, it is recommended to have piling strips to protect the
surface treatment
8. LIFTING AND INSTALLING THE BEAMS

8.1. HANDLING AND INSTALLATION Figure 45. Deltabeams must be stored adequately on site
NO LIFTING STRAPS / CHAINS AROUND DELTABEAM!

• Lift only permitted with approved lifting equipment.
• The weight of each Deltabeam can be found on the ID sticker on the beam and also in the
I N S TA L L AT I O N & S A F E T Y I N S T R U C T I O N S
fabrication drawings
• Lifting points: there are two hooks holes for lifting
• Note maximum allowed lifting angle of the chains: 45° hooks located on the top flange is
permitted
• In special cases, when there are no lifting holes, lifting with chains fixed to the web holes
8.2. BEAM POSITIONING AND ORIENTATION DURING ERECTION Figure 46. Deltabeams must be lifted using the desig-
nated openings
• In all situations follow the erection schedule of the project
• The Beams should be installed in the same orientation as they are drawn in the erection
plan. The Beam ID sould be read in the direction on the drawing as on the actual beam.
D114
Figure 47. The Deltabeams are identified according to the plam drawing. Figure 48. The erection plans drawing. Figure 49. Deltabeam identification
8.3 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS AND SAFETY HARDWARE

• All valid Health & Safety rules must be followed during the erection
of the structure
• It is possible to have fixing points for safety products integrated
with the Deltabeam
Figure 50. Safety devices integrated in the Deltabeam
A
21
8.4 FIXING OF THE DELTABEAMS
• Follow the method and sequence detailed in the erection plans and details
• Shims and steel packs should be placed according to the erection plans
• Deltabeams should be fixed prior to assembling the shoring posts and the floor panels
• If site welding should be required, process and qualification of the welders should be according
to the erection specifications
• Deltabeam delivery includes installation material only for the connections between Deltabeams
• The shim in gerber and side connections should be used as default to achieve the planned total Figure 51. Check position before
length of the beam line, the beam lengths have been designed with the shim, possible variations tightening bolts. (fastening tool
not included)
to the designed total length should be taken into account by modifying thickness of the shims
• Assembly tolerance is 3/16” / -3/8” (+5 mm / -10 mm)
• Max thickness of the shims is 1/2” (15 mm)
• When assembling continuous Deltabeams, the location of each beam and total length of the line
should be confirmed prior tightening of the bolts in the connections and gerber joints
• Placing of the steel packs on reinforced concrete structure
• It is recommanded to place the steel pack so that the effect of the contact stress remains inside
the perimeter of the stir-up reinforcement, see figure to the right
• Risk of spalling can be reduced by applying chamfers to edges of the concrete structure
• The usage of neoprene is not recommended between Deltabeam and the support
te
8.5. SUFACE DAMAGE AFTER THE ERECTION

• Any damage to the surface treatment must be repaired as soon as possible
• The surface treatment must be completed with the finishing coat as soon as possible
9. WHAT TO DO WHEN TOLERANCES ARE EXCEEDED?
Figure 52. Placing steel plates be-
The chief structural engineer or element designer must always be contacted, and the correction tween the beam and the column
always has to be done according to the correction plan done by the chief structural engineer or the
g-
element designer. The correction must then be reviewed by Peikko®
9.1 WHAT TO DO WHEN THE CORBEL WAS CASTED TOO LOW?

• The Corbel’s height can be increased with steel plates or the beam’s end plate can be changed.
• If the beam can be fixed according to original plans (bolts, welding), small (max 3/8” (10 mm)) height differences can be
levelled by welding plates on the top of the console tube.
• If the corbel’s height is increased with steel plates, the corbel’s supporting one surface must remain identical to
the original.
• Additional steel plates must be fixed by welding.
• If the difference in height level is greater than 3/8” (10 mm), the beam’s end plate must be changed.
9.2 WHAT TO DO WHEN THE CORBEL WAS CASTED TOO HIGH?

• There are a few alternatives to fix this kind of problem. The link in the beam’s end plate can be cut higher, or the end plate
can be changed.
• If the new end plate needs to be thicker than the original, the Deltabeam may have to be shortened.
• It is also possible to design an end plate, that is as thick as the original, but greater in height. This way shortening of the
Deltabeam can be avoided.
9.3 WHAT TO DO IF THE BEAM IS TOO SHORT
• If the required extension is 6” (150 mm) or less, the extension can be made directly on the end plate, or a new, stronger
end plate can be made.
• If extending the beam is not possible, a new Deltabeam with accurate length has to be made.
www.peikkousa.com | www.peikko.ca 22A

INSTALLATION
DELTABEAM & SAFETY
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
& SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
9.4 WHAT TO DO WHEN THE DELTABEAM IS TOO LONG?
• The correction plan is always done by Peikko®.
• Typical procedure is the following: the end plate of Deltabeam is removed, the beam is shortened and the end plate is welded to
the beam according to the instructions from Peikko®.
9.5WHAT TO DO WHEN THE ANCHORING BOLTS DON’T MEET THE BOLT HOLES OF THE BEAM?
• The bolt holes on the top and bottom plate of the beam can be expanded along the longitudinal axis of the beam, with the
maximum factor of 1.5 (for example: 2” (50 mm) to 3” (75 mm)).
• The bolt holes cannot be expanded along the longitudinal axis in the direction of width without permission from Peikko®.
Doing this may require the beam to be strengthened.
• To expand bolt holes located in the beam’s web, a permission has to be asked from Peikko®.
9.6 WHAT TO DO WHEN TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT DOESN’T MEET THE WEB HOLES?
• The web holes (Ø5-7/8” (150 mm) or Ø3-1/8” (80 mm)) of the Deltabeam cannot be expanded.
• Transverse reinforcement cannot be omitted, and they must be anchored inside the Deltabeam.
• The Reinforcement can be installed in the voids of the hollow core slab that line up with the web holes
9.7 WHEN TOLERANCES OF THE GERBER-JOINT ARE EXCEEDED
• The tolerance in the beam’s length for Gerber and the side joint is +3/16”/ -3/8” (+5 mm / -10 mm). The connection is de-
signed so that a 3/16” (5 mm) shim plate is set to every joint after the Deltabeam is installed, but before the tightening of
the bolts.
• Check if the shim plate is used in other joints of the beam line.
• By adding or removing the number of shim plates from other joints within the allowed tolerances, it may be possible to
solve the problem.
• The shim plates can be used for a maximum thickness of 1/2” (15 mm).
• If the problem cannot be resolved with the use of shim plates, the joint has to be re-designed, and the end plate of the cor-
responding Deltabeam must be changed.
9.8 WHEN THE LENGTH OR POSITION TOLERANCES OF THE HOLLOW-CORE SLABS FALL BELOW OR ARE EXCEEDED
• The correction plan is always done by Peikko®.
• The situation concerns the strength of the Deltabeam during installation, because the stress differs from planned.
Also the strength of the beam connections must be checked, because of possible greater torsion.
10. REINFORCEMENT AND FORMWORK PREPARATION
10.1 FORMWORK FOR CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE SLAB AND UNDER THE DELTABEAM
• To achieve a flat bottom surface with a cast-in-place slab, it is recommend-
ed to build the formwork under the bottom flange, see figure on the right
• With downstand build the form work against the web of the U-profile, see
furthest figure on the right
• Block all openings on the bottom side of the Deltabeam i.e. locations of
consoles, side connections and gerber joints with formwork
10.2 REINFORCEMENT
• Deltabeam minimum joint reinforcement is #4 (15M) c/c 4’-0” (1220mm)
• Joint reinforcement should always be through Deltabeam web holes
• The reinforcement specified above has to
be assembled even if there are specified
rebars bent over Deltabeam
• Assembling the ring reinforcement, see
pictures on the right
• There is a hole in top of the side
connection for the rebar, see figure
A
23
furthest on the right
• Notch in gerber joint for the rebars
11. SHORING OF THE DELTABEAM
11.1 SHORING OF THE DELTABEAMS
No shoring is required, provided that Deltabeam connections and vertical supporting structures are designed for the temporary
condition. Special notice should be taken in cases with asymmetrically supported beams, long beam spans or
tall shoring posts.
• Shoring should be installed before erecting the hollow core slabs

• Locations and capacity of the shoring posts and loads to the posts according to the erection engineer
• To be confirmed while assembling the posts:
• Stability of the posts
• Secure solid foundation for the shoring posts
• The shoring jacks should be assembled as close to the beam support as possible, see figure on right
• The shoring posts should be placed at the loaded side of the beam, below the web
• The shoring posts may be removed only when the joint and infill concrete has reached required strength
• Shoring is always required when Deltabeam is supported on the end of a wall
• When the Deltabeam is used to transfer floor loads to a wall-type beam, the beam must be kept free from
loading until the installation/casting of the intersecting floor is complete. Shoring posts cannot be removed
until the upper wall is capable of bearing the full floor load.
• Tall shoring heights: Contact Peikko® for special solution
12. ERECTION OF THE HOLLOW CORE SLABS

12.1 ERECTION OF THE HOLLOW CORE SLABS
• Inspect all connections and shoring posts prior to erecting the hollow core planks on the beam
• Planks should be installed directly on the steel bottom flange of the beam, usage of neoprene is not recommended
• Planks should be installed with a gap of max 1 1/16” (30 mm) between Deltabeam web and end of the hollow core planks
• If the gap is larger contact Peikko for design check for the bearing ledge
13. GROUTING THE DELTABEAM

13.1.1 GROUT OR CONCRETE MIX
• Grout or Concrete can be used to fill the Deltabeam
• Fill Deltabeams simultaneously when grouting joints of hollow core planks or filigree slab, Deltabeam
is designed for a temporary live load of 10 psf (0.5 kN/m2) – period of time prior to the maturation of
infill concrete
• Use always structural concrete, minimum grade 4000 psi (30 MPa)
• Properties of the concrete according to the method used in casting
• Recommended max aggregate size is 3/8” or 8 mm (not more than 5/8” or 16 mm)
• Deltabeam has to be filled with concrete in one run
• Make sure that the lower parts of gerber and side connections are properly filled with concrete Figure 53. Pouring the
• Topping concrete should be casted in a separate phase; when the infill concrete has matured infill in the Deltabeam.
13.1.2 GROUTING CONSIDERATIONS

• Confirm that formwork and reinforcement are according to design, fixed and clean
• Infill:
• Initial infill of the steel box up to web holes may be done through the holes in the top flange
• After initial infill, feed concrete only from one side of the beam
• Secure that Deltabeam is filled totally with concrete through air holes at opposite side of Delta-
beam, it is full when concrete runs through them
• Be careful not to run concrete over the Deltabeam, it will make it harder to see if it is full or not Figure 54. Coincident infill, slab
• Compact the concrete with vibrator while concreting and Deltabeam elevation.
• The whole infill process may be done through the holes in top plate, but it will be slower and
require more work with the vibrator to run the concrete. Avoid touching the formwork plate and
the vertical web when using vibrator
13.2 FIRE PROOFING

• In the case when the movement joint is on the bottom plate, the whole length must be protected
• In the case when the movement joint is at end or side connection, the proofed length has to be esti-
Figure 55. Results in mono-
mated case by case lithic floor.
• The vertical web of EDB-type Deltabeam has to be fire proofed on site in cases where it is not pro-
tected by permanent structure i.e. wall, which would act like permanent structural fire protection
• In the case of connection between Deltabeam and fire proofed steel structure, the extent of fire proofing has to be estimated
case by case; unprotected Deltabeam will conduct heat to the steel structure through the joint.
www.peikkousa.com | www.peikko.ca 24A

PROJECT PICTURES
Figure 57. 69’-0” (21.3m) long Deltabeam
Figure 56. Deltabeams offers large open spaces even during construction Figure 58. 69’-0” (21.3m) long Deltabeam
Figure 59. Cantilever Deltabeams Figure 60. Flat Ceiling without drop panels around columns Figure 61. Multi-story student dorm project
PROJECT PICTURES
Figure 62. Curved Deltabeams with continuous com- Figure 63. Hollow core slabs and Deltabeams
posite columns
25
OVER 6000 COMPLETED DELTABEAM PROJECTS SINCE 1989
Figure 64. Render of the Airrail Center (Frankfurt Airport), Germany
Figure 65. Helsfyr Panorama (18 floors), Norway
Figure 66. Render of a Holiday Inn (11 floors), Canada
PROJECT PICTURES
Figure 67. The Drake Circus Mall, United Kingdom Figure 68. Nokia Office Building, Finland
Figure 69. Residential project, Finland Figure 70. Saxo Bank Headquarters, Denmark
•
•
•
•
•
Peikko® Group • www.peikko.com

www.peikkousa.com www.peikko.ca
Customer Service : 1-888-PEIKKO-1
1-888-734-5561
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COMPOSITE BEAM

THE MOST ADVANCED COMPOSITE BEAM

FIRE RESISTANCE ......................................................................................... 13

PROJECT PICTURES ...................................................................................... 25

THE DELTABEAM CAN BE SUPPORTED BY ALL TYPES OF COLUMNS

STEEL COMPOSITE CONCRETE

DELTABEAM SIDE CONNECTION

VARIATION OF SLAB THICKNESS

Figure 3. A flat structural ceiling. No need for garments.

STEEEL CHANNELS FOR ADDIITIONAL CA

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ADJU

Figure 18. Deltabeam with curved formwork sheet and Fi

WEATHER AND WINTER CONSTRUCTION

REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF MATERIAL

NO NEED FOR SHORING POSTS OR FORMWORK

RESISTANT TO FIRE WITHOUT FIREPROOFING

REDUCED WEIGHT OF THE STRUCTURE

SAVINGS OVER THE LIFETIME OF THE BUILDING

REDUCTION OF MAINTENANCE COSTS

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION DESIGN FOR MULTI STORY BUILDINGS

The results of the study were that compared to a business-

Deltabeam Leveling Topping

Height Wide Flange / I-beam

Figure 29.Exposed Deltabeams at SP Laboratory’s full scale furnace

kips /linear foot (48 kN/m).

Figure 31. Fire test assembly

The test assembly was placed on a supporting structure out-

UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES LISTING

TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION INSIDE AN

Dy1, Dy7: Middle of edge Deltabeam

2. DELTABEAM BEAM TYPES

EDGE BEAMS (DR)

3.2 VOIDS AND JOINTS

Single story column

Simgle story column

3.3.1 CONTINUOUS BEAMS

Figure 36. Continuous Deltabeam

Figure 37. Deltabeam designed as continuous beams

3.3.2 CONTINUOUS COLUMNS

Figure 38. Deltabeam designed as simply supported beams between continuous

Continuous columns are used anywhere from single story buildings

buildings over 6 ﬂoors. Continuous columns also allow designers

ceeded the 100 feet (33m) mark.

3.4 CONNECTION DETAILS OF DELTABEAM

The connection must be designed in a way that the support reactions

the internal beam connections (cantilever and side joints).

3.5 DYNAMIC LOADS

3.6 BASIC DESIGN INFORMATION

3.7 LEAD TIME

Materials and standards:

ITEM STANDARD YIELD STRENGTH

4.1 MANUFACTURING METHOD

Plasma, ﬂame and me-

The Deltabeam is rust-proofed or hot-dip galvanized. State-of-the-art surface coating techniques

4.4 QUALITY CONTROL

5. DELTABEAM PROFILE SELECTION

Table 1. Dimensions of Deltabeam Table 2. Dimensions of edge beams

*Plates thicknesses varies from 3/16” to 2”

Table 4. Safety factors used for capacity curves

L SLAB L SLAB Load Type USA Canada

DB8 Series Capacity Curves (8’’ Deltabeam) 50 psf 100 psf

Allowable 8’’ HollowCore Slab Span (ft)

DB10 Series Capacity Curves (10’’ Deltabeam) 50 psf 100 psf

16000 Allowable 10’’ HollowCore Slab Span (ft)