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Gender Equity in Islam 30/Juz Amma (Learning
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INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY

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clearly differentiate between the normative teachings of Islam and the
cultural practices prevalent among its adherents that may or may not
consistent with those teachings. My task is to present the normative
of Islam with regard to the standing and role of women in society as
by which to judge the practice of Muslims and to evaluate their
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In identifying what is "Islamic," it is necessary to make a clear

between the primary sources of Islam–the Quran and the Sunnah of
Muhammad (P)2–and the legal opinions derived from them by scholars in regard to specific issues.

FACTORS IN INTERPRETATION

The process of extracting laws from the primary sources is a human function. The surmise of lega
practitioners may therefore vary considerably and be influenced by their specific times, circumst
cultures. Obviously, opinions and verdicts of human beings do not enjoy the authority or the final
accorded to the primary sources, which God revealed. Furthermore, interpretation of the primar
should consider, among other things:

1. The context of any statement or commandment in the Quran and the S

In the case of the Qur'an, this includes both the context of the surah and the verses under examin
well as the general perspective of Islam, its teachings, and its worldview. As for the Sunnah of th
(P) the same applies to its texts.

2.The occasion of revelation, that is, the historical background providin

primary reasons or causes underlying revelation of a Qur'anic portion or v
the Prophet (P) which may help to better elucidate its meaning; and, wit
to the Sunnah, the event or the incident that occasioned the statement o
of the Prophet

3. The role of Sunnah in explaining and defining the meaning of the Qura
To Muslims, Sunnah is a form of revelation as is the case with the Quran. As such, authentic Sunna
second primary source of Islamic teachings, after the Quran. It plays the important roles of defini
explaining and elaborating the Quranic text. For example, the second "pillar" of Islam, prayer, is m
in the Qurian but without details about how it should be performed. Such details were left for Pro
Muhammad (P) to explain based on the instructions of Angel Gabriel.

Disregard or ignorance of Sunnah may lead to serious errors of interpretation. At times, the lite
lexical meaning of a term used in the Quran may not be its correct meaning if the Prophet (P) qua
specified what is meant by it. Errors are multiplied when an erroneous literal meaning is translat
original Arabic text of the Quran into another language, which, in turn may have its own connotat
the translated words used. A detailed illustration of this type of error is provided in endnote 14.

Following the above methodology, the issue of gender equity is discussed under four broad head

Chapter 1: The Spiritual Aspect

Chapter 2: The Economic Aspect
Chapter 3: The Social Aspect
Chapter 4: The Political and Legal Aspect

It is hoped that, insha'Allah (God willing), this humble contribution may help in providing a basic f
reference for more detailed treatments of this vital topic, from an Islamic perspective.

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