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Seminar Report

Mobile cloud computing (MCC),


Combining 3G and cloud to increase data
Processing speed and security level.
Submitted by

Ms Swinal.Manish.Kamble.
5th Semester Computer Engineering.

Enrolment No: 1213027

Academic Session 2014-15

(Department of Computer Engineering)

Government Polytechnic, Nagpur


Mangalwari Bazar, Sadar

(An Autonomous Institution of Government of Maharashtra)

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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC NAGPUR
(An Autonomous Institution of Government of Maharashtra)
Department of Computer Engineering

Certificate
This is to certify that the Seminar Report titled (“Mobile cloud computing (MCC),
combining 3G and cloud to increase data processing speed and security level“) submitted
by Ms Swinal. Manish. Kamble of 5 th Semester towards the partial fulfillment of
requirement for the award of Diploma in Computer Engineering awarded by
Government Polytechnic, Nagpur, is approved.

(Mr.L D Vilhekar)

Guide

(Mrs. V. M. Raje )

I/c HoD computer engineering.

Date:
Place: Nagpur.

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ABSTRACT

Together with an explosive growth of the mobile applications and emerging of cloud
computing concept, mobile cloud computing (MCC) has been introduced to be a potential
technology for mobile services. MCC integrates the cloud computing into the mobile environment
and overcomes obstacles related to the performance (e.g., battery life, storage, and bandwidth),
environment (e.g., heterogeneity, scalability, and availability), and security (e.g., reliability and
privacy) discussed in mobile computing.

Despite increasing usage of mobile computing, exploiting its full potential is difficult due to
its inherent problems such as resource scarcity, frequent disconnections, and mobility. Mobile cloud
computing can address these problems by executing mobile applications on resource providers
external to the mobile device.

Network latency is often high on mobile devices due to wireless access, e. g., via 3G cellular
networks. To better use the ubiquitously available 3G network connections, we propose a pipelining
task concept on a single encrypted channel between a mobile device and a cloud resource. This does
not only increase wireless bandwidth occupation, it also makes wireless communication more
predictable by assuring a high throughput even for small messages. Constantly high throughput
allows for better data transfer time estimation and can thus lead to a more adequate cloud
resource selection to assist the mobile application. In an experimental evaluation using streaming
image processing, we investigate the performance and applicability of our approach and compare it
to the widely used http.

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CONTENTS

1. Introduction.
1.1 Over view.
1.2 Definitions, abbreviations, acronyms.
1.3 Introduction to mobile cloud computing.
1.4 What is cloud computing?
1.5 What is mobile cloud computing (MCC)?
1.6 Mobile cloud computing (MCC) in daily life (need).
1.7 MCC popularity.
2. Architecture of MCC.
3. Advantages.
4. Application of MCC.
4.1 Mobile commerce.
4.2 Mobile healthcare.
4.3 Mobile gaming.
4.4 Mobile learning.
4.5 Assistive technologies.
4.6 Other applications.
5. Issues.
6. Combining 3G and cloud.
7. Conclusion.
8. Reference.

List of figures

Sr no: Figure no: Figure name: Page no:


1. 1 Cloud computing (CC). 8.

2 2 Architecture of mobile cloud computing 14.


(MCC).

3 3 General structure of mobile cloud 15.


computing (MCC).

1. Introduction

1.1 Overview.
This document is prepared as a seminar report. The document starts with Introduction
to mobile cloud computing with overview, definition, MCC popularity. At the next session continues
with architecture of MCC, Advantages, Application of mobile cloud computing, Issues, Combining

3G and cloud etc.

1.2 Definitions, abbreviations, acronyms.

CC Cloud computing.

IAS Integrated authenticated service.

ISP Internet service provider.

MC Mobile cloud.

MCC Mobile cloud computing.

PDA Personal digital assistant.

SOAP Simple object access protocol.

1.3 Introduction to mobile cloud computing.

Mobile cloud computing is the combination of cloud computing and mobile networks to
bring benefits for mobile users, network operators, as well as cloud computing providers. The
ultimate goal of MCC (Mobile Cloud Computing) is to enable execution of rich mobile applications
on a plethora of mobile devices, with a rich user experience. MCC provides business opportunities
for mobile network operators as well as cloud providers. More comprehensively, MCC can be
defined as "A rich mobile computing technology that leverages unified elastic resources of varied
clouds and network technologies toward unrestricted functionality, storage, and mobility to serve a
multitude of mobile devices anywhere, anytime through the channel of Ethernet or Internet
regardless of heterogeneous environments and platforms based on the pay-as-you-use principal".

In the case of mobile cloud computing an additional significant benefit is brought to the
table. Many mobile devices have significant constraints imposed upon them because of the
importance and desirability of smaller sizes, lower weights, longer battery life and other features.
This often severely constrains hardware and software development for these devices. Cloud
computing allows devices to avoid these constraints by letting the more resource intensive tasks be
performed on systems without these constraints and having the results sent to the device. Thus,
cloud computing for mobile devices is a very appealing and potentially lucrative trend.

While mobile cloud computing make a great contribution to our daily lives, it will also,
however, bring numerous challenges and problems. In short, the core of such challenges and
problems is just how to combine the two technologies seamlessly. On one hand, to ensure that
mobile devices adequately make best use of advantages of cloud computing to improve and extend
their functions. On the other hand, to overcome the disadvantages of limited resources and
computing ability in mobile devices in order to access cloud computing with high efficiency like
traditional PCs and Servers. Thus, in order to solve the mentioned challenges and point out further
research, getting a thorough understanding of the novel computing paradigm - mobile cloud
computing, is necessary.
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1.4 What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale,
similar to utility (like electricity grid) over a network. Cloud computing, or in simpler shorthand just
"the cloud", also focuses on maximizing the effectiveness of the shared resources. Cloud resources
are usually not only shared by multiple users but are also dynamically reallocated per demand. This
can work for allocating resources to users. For example, a cloud computer facility that serves
European users during European business hours with a specific application (e.g., email) may
reallocate the same resources to serve North American users during North America's business hours
with a different application (e.g., a web server). This approach should maximize the use of
computing power thus reducing environmental damage as well since less power, air conditioning,
racks pace, etc. are required for a variety of functions. With cloud computing, multiple users can
access a single server to retrieve and update their data without purchasing licenses for different

applications.
Fig: 1 Cloud computing. 8

That is said, cloud computing is commonly described as a variety of facilities which are
provided by a group of low-cost servers or personal computers, generally called a cluster, via the
Internet. The main part of the cloud computing system is this cluster system, called the Cloud.
Cloud organizes the various resources of the computers according to a certain management
plan and offers safe, reliable, quick, convenient and transparent services such as data storage,
retrieval and computing to clients. This liberates the client of the mentioned duties. Cloud
computing system has a layered architecture.

Characteristics

Cloud computing exhibits the following key characteristics:

 Agility.
 Application programming interface (API).

 Cost.

 Device and location independence.

 Maintenance.

 Performance.

 Productivity.

 Scalability and elasticity.

 Security.
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1.5 What is mobile cloud computing?

Mobile clouds computing (MCC) was introduced after the concept of cloud computing.
Basically, MCC refer to infrastructure where both the data store and the data processing happen
outside of the mobile device. Regarding the definition, mobile application moves the computation
power and storage from the mobile phones to the cloud.

It can be thought as a combination of the cloud computing and mobile environment. The
cloud can be used for power and storage, as mobile devices don’t have power full resources
compared to traditional computation devices.

Today, they are already lots of good examples of MCC applications including g-mail, Google,
maps and such applications. We know that mobile devices are constrained by their processing
power, battery life and storage. However, cloud computing provides an illusion of infinite computing
resources. Mobile cloud computing is a new platform combining the mobile devices and cloud
computing to create a new infrastructure, whereby cloud performs the heavy lifting of computing-
intensive tasks and storing massive amounts of data. In this new architecture, data processing and
data storage happen outside of mobile devices.

Mobile applications leverage this IT architecture to generate the following advantages:

 Extended battery life


 Improvement in data storage capacity and processing power

 Improved synchronization of data due to “store in one place, access from anywhere” policy
 Improved reliability and scalability

 Ease of integration.

The following factors are fostering the adoption of mobile cloud computing:

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 Trends and demands: customers expect the convenience of using companies’ websites or
application from anywhere and at anytime. Mobile devices can provide this convenience.
Enterprise users require always-on access to business applications and collaborative services
so that they can increase their productivity from anywhere, even when they are on the
commute.
 Improved and increased broadband coverage: 3G and 4G along with Wi-Fi, femto-cells, fixed
wireless and so on are providing better connectivity for mobile devices.

 Enabling technologies: HTML5, CSS3, hypervisor for mobile devices, cloudlets and Web 4.0
will drive adoption of mobile cloud computing.

C-suite executives can unlock opportunities for their businesses, improve productivity and
become competitive by unleashing the combined power of cloud computing and mobile
technologies. It is high time that they include cloud computing in their IT strategy and roadmap.

1.6 Mobile cloud computing in daily life (need).

The case for mobile cloud computing can be argued mobile by considering the unique
advantages of empowered mobile computing, and a wide range of potential mobile cloud
applications have been recognized in the literature. These applications fall into different areas
such as image processing, natural language processing, sharing GPS, sharing Internet access,
sensor data applications, querying, crowd computing and multimedia search. However
applications that involve distributed computation do have certain common characteristics, such
as having data with easily detectable segment boundaries, and the time to recombine partial
results into a complete result must also be small. An example is string matching/manipulation
such as grip and word frequency counters. The different applications and scenarios presented in
recent literature are described in detail below:

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1. Image processing: The authors have experimented with running GOCR an optical character
recognition (OCR) program on a collection of mobile devices. In a real life scenario, this would be
useful in a case of a foreign traveler who takes an image of a street sign, performs OCR to extract
the words, and translates words into a known language. A similar scenario where a foreign
tourist Peter is visiting a museum in South Korea. He sees an interesting exhibit, but cannot
understand the description since it is in Korean. He takes a picture of the text, and starts an OCR
app on his phone. Unfortunately his phone lacks the resources to process the whole text.
Although he could connect to a remote server via the Internet, that would mean he use roaming
data which is too expensive. Instead, his device scans for nearby users/devices who are also
interested in reading the description, and requests sharing their mobile resources for the task
collaboratively. Those who are interested in this common processing task create an ad hoc
network with Peter and together, their mobile cloud is able to extract the text, and then translate
it to English. This can be applied to many situations in which a group is involved in an activity
together. Another example is a group performing archaeological expeditions in a desert.

2. Natural language processing: As mentioned above, language translation is one possible


application, as a useful tool for foreign travelers to communicate with locals. Translation is a
viable candidate since different sentences and paragraphs can be translated independently, and
this is experimentally explored in using Pangloss-Lite. Text-to-speech is also mentioned in, where a
mobile user may prefer having a file read to them, especially in case of the visually impaired.
3. Sensor data applications: since, most mobile phones are equipped with sensors today,
readings from sensors such as GPS, accelerometer, light sensor, microphone, thermometer, clock,
and compass can be time stamped and linked with other phone readings. Queries can then be
executed on such data to gather valuable information. Such queries could be “What is the average
temperature of nodes within a mile of my location?” or “what is the distribution of velocities of all
nodes within half a mile of the next highway on my current route?” Sample applications for this
are traffic reporting, sensor maps, and network availability monitoring.

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4. Multimedia search: Mobile devices store many types of multimedia content such as videos,
photos, and music. For example, Shazam is a music identification service for mobile phones that
searches for similar songs in a central database. In the context of the mobile cloud, the searching
could be executed on the contents of nearby phones.

5. Social networking: Since sharing user content is a popular way we interact with friends on
social networks such as Face book, integrating a mobile cloud into social networking infrastructure
could open up automatic sharing and p2p multimedia access, and this will also reduce the need to
back up and serve all of this data on huge servers .

1.7 Mobile cloud computing (MCC) popularity.


 According to a recent study by ABI Research, more than 240 million businesses will use
cloud services through mobile devices by 2015.
 That traction will push the revenue of mobile cloud computing to $5.2 billion.
 Mobile cloud computing is a highly promising trend for the future of mobile
computing.
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2. Architecture

 Mobile devices are connected to the mobile networks via base stations that establish and
control the connections and functional interfaces between the networks and mobile devices.
 Mobile users’ requests and information are transmitted to the central processors that are
connected to servers providing mobile network services.
 The subscribers’ requests are delivered to a cloud through the Internet.
 In the cloud, cloud controllers process the requests to provide mobile users with the
corresponding cloud services.

Fig: 2 Architecture of mobile cloud computing (MCC). 14


Fig: 3 General structure of mobile cloud computing (MCC).

The general architecture of MCC is shown in Fig. 2, 3 which shows the connection between
mobile devices and cloud providers.

Mobile Devices: These are the mobile devices like mobile phones, PDA’s etc who want MCC.
These devices are connected to the network through base stations. These base stations can be Base
Transceiver Station (BTS), access Point or Satellite.

Network Operator: It has Base Station through which mobile devices are connected. These
Base Stations are connected to the central processors which process the mobile user’s request.
Mobile network operator provides service of AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) to
mobile users. Now request is send to cloud through internet.

Cloud Service Provider: It provides service to the user on on-demand basis. Services provided
by cloud providers can be PaaS (Platform as a Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), or SaaS
(Software as a Service). Here is an Open Source Project for Mobile Cloud platform called
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Open mobster various services are needed by mobile clients and cloud server. This open mobster
Platform provides a number of services. Some of the services provided by the platform are:

A. Sync Platform: App’s local storage stores all the cloud data so that apps can function
continuously in both online as well as offline modes.

B. Push notifications: If any app state changes, then these changes are proactively pushed
to the app from cloud server using pure network/socket based approach. It does not used methods
like sending sms alerts or email alerts.

C. Location Aware apps: Components of an app are encapsulated by location specific


information so that these components can combine their business data with location data for
building any location apps.

D. Simple mobile RPC (Remote Procedure Call): All services are invoked through simple RPC
mechanism. RPC API mechanism is used for making calls.

E. Management Console: It is used to administrate cloud server to provide security and


account provisioning features.
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3. Advantages

• Extending battery lifetime:


– Computation offloading migrates large computations and complex processing from
resource-limited devices (i.e., mobile devices) to resourceful machines (i.e., servers in
clouds).
– Remote application execution can save energy significantly.
– Many mobile applications take advantages from task migration and remote
processing.

• Improving data storage capacity and processing power:


– MCC enables mobile users to store/access large data on the cloud.
– MCC helps reduce the running cost for computation intensive applications.
– Mobile applications are not constrained by storage capacity on the devices because
their data now is stored on the cloud.

• Improving reliability and availability:


– Keeping data and application in the clouds reduces the chance of lost on the mobile
devices.
– MCC can be designed as a comprehensive data security model for both service
providers and users:
• Protect copyrighted digital contents in clouds.
• Provide security services such as virus scanning, malicious code detection,
and authentication for mobile users.
– With data and services in the clouds, then are always (almost) available even when
the users are moving.
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• Dynamic provisioning:
– Dynamic on-demand provisioning of resources on a fine-grained, self-service basis
– No need for advanced reservation
• Scalability:
– Mobile applications can be performed and scaled to meet the unpredictable user
demands
– Service providers can easily add and expand a service

• Multi-tenancy:
– Service providers can share the resources and costs to support a variety of
applications and large no. of users.

• Ease of Integration:
– Multiple services from different providers can be integrated easily through the cloud
and the Internet to meet the users’ demands.

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4. Applications of MCC

a. Mobile Commerce:
– M-commerce allows business models for commerce using mobile devices.

– Examples: Mobile financial, mobile advertising, mobile shopping…

– M-commerce applications face various challenges (low bandwidth, high


complexity of devices, security, …)
– Integrated with cloud can help address these issues

– Example: Combining 3G and cloud to increase data processing speed and security
level.

b. Mobile Learning:
– M-learning combines e-learning and mobility
– Traditional m-learning has limitations on high cost of devices/network, low
transmission rate, limited educational resources
– Cloud-based m-learning can solve these limitations
– Enhanced communication quality between students and teachers
– Help learners access remote learning resources
– A natural environment for collaborative learning
c. Mobile Healthcare:
– M-healthcare is to minimize the limitations of traditional medical treatment (e.g.
Small storage, security/privacy, medical errors, …)
– M-healthcare provides mobile users with convenient access to resources(e.g.
medical records)
– M-healthcare offers hospitals and healthcare organizations a variety of on-
demand services on clouds.
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– Examples:
• Comprehensive health monitoring services
• Intelligent emergency management system
• Health-aware mobile devices (detect pulse-rate, blood pressure, level of
alcohol etc)
• Pervasive access to healthcare information
• Pervasive lifestyle incentive management (to manage healthcare expenses)
d. Mobile Gaming:
– M-game is a high potential market generating revenues for service providers.
– Can completely offload game engine requiring large computing resource (e.g.,
graphic rendering) to the server in the cloud.
– Offloading can also save energy and increase game playing time (eg. MAUI allows
fine-grained energy-aware offloading of mobile codes to a cloud)
– Rendering adaptation technique can dynamically adjust the game rendering
parameters based on communication constraints and gamers’ demands
e. Assistive technologies:
– Pedestrian crossing guide for blind and visually-impaired
– Mobile currency reader for blind and visually impaired
– Lecture transcription for hearing impaired students
f. Other applications:
– Sharing photos/videos
– Keyword-based, voice-based, tag-based searching
– Monitoring a house, smart home systems
– …

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5. Issues

1. Mobile communication issues:


– Low bandwidth: One of the biggest issues, because the radio resource for
wireless networks is much more scarce than wired networks
– Service availability: Mobile users may not be able to connect to the cloud to
obtain a service due to traffic congestion, network failures, mobile signal strength
problems
– Heterogeneity: Handling wireless connectivity with highly heterogeneous
networks to satisfy MCC requirements (always-on connectivity, on-demand
scalability, energy efficiency) is a difficult problem
2. Computing issues:
Computation offloading:
– One of the main features of MCC
– Offloading is not always effective in saving energy
– It is critical to determine whether to offload and which portions of the service
codes to offload
– Two types:
• Offloading in a static environment
 Kumar and Lu suggest a program partitioning based on
estimation of energy consumption before execution
 Optimal program partitioning for offloading is dynamically
calculated based on the trade-off between the communication
and computation costs at run time.
 Li et al. present an offloading scheme based on profiling
information about computation time and data sharing at the
level of procedure calls.
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 A cost graph is constructed and a branch-and-bound algorithm


is applied to minimize the total energy consumption of
computation and the total data communication cost
 Chen et al. present an approach to decide which components
of Java programs should be offloaded.
 First divide a Java program into methods and compute
execution costs for these methods.
 Then compare the local execution costs of each method with
the estimated remote execution costs to make an optimal
execution decision.

• Offloading in a dynamic environment


 Offloading in a dynamic network environment (e.g.,
Changing connection status and bandwidth) is harder.
 Environment changes can cause additional problems.
 The transmitted data may not reach the destination
 The data executed on the server could be lost when it has to
be returned to the sender.
 They consider three circumstances of executing an application
to estimate the efficiency of offloading.
o performed locally (without offloading)
o performed in ideal offloading systems (without failures)
o performed with the presence of offloading and failure
recoveries (re-offload after failure)

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3. Security issues.
– Protecting user privacy and data/application secrecy from adversaries is key to
establish and maintain consumers’ trust in the mobile platform, especially in MCC.
– MCC security issues have two main categories:
• Security for mobile users
• Securing data on clouds
4. Privacy issues.
– Location based services (LBS) faces a privacy issue on mobile users’ provide private
information such as their current location.
– This problem becomes even worse if an adversary knows user’s important
information.
5. Open issues.
– Network Access Management:
– An efficient network access management not only improves link performance but
also optimizes bandwidth usage.
– Cognitive radio can be expected as a solution to achieve the wireless access
management.
– Can automatically changes its transmission or reception parameters, in a way where
the wireless communications can have spectrum agility in terms of selecting
available wireless channels opportunistically.
– Integrated with MCC for better spectrum utilization.

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6. Pricing:
– MCC involves with both mobile service provider (MSP) and cloud service provider
(CSP) with different services management, customers management, methods of
payment and prices.
– This will lead to many issues.
– The business model including pricing and revenue sharing has to be carefully
developed for MCC.

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6. Combining 3G and cloud


Cell phones were only for voice and text communication for a long time after invention.
Later, 2.5G came with internet support. EDGE Mobile Internet ruled the world once, because there
was no portable internet connectivity other than edge. Time passed, the technology served purpose
of people for that time, but the technology flows like river stream. So, engineers worked hard for
newer solutions and after their toughest efforts, came 3G on 1998. NTT Do Como, a Japanese Telco
first introduced third generation mobile service, named 3G. As soon as 3G started ruling all over the
globe scientist began to modify 3G into something which was quit unbelievable and the era was
changed completely after combining 3G and cloud.

After combining 3G and cloud in mobile cloud computing (MCC), following benefits
were enjoyed.

 The main purpose of 3G is to provide high speed data communication. With combining 3G
and cloud, you’ll get high speed internet like never before.

 3G is wireless and the internet speed has the ability to compete with your broadband. So, 3G
is a replacement to your broadband connection and it’s called the Mobile Broadband.

 You are not anymore confined to voice talks. Now you can see the person on the other side
via video calling. 3G and cloud added support for video call, well, this facility is backdated
now. Back in 2001 and some years afterwards, it was popular. Android cut off ‘video calling’
because it has become obsolete. Still, you can’t deny the excitement that the 3G video
calling gave to people. It’s still available in many regions though.

 Mobile TV. Yes, you can watch your favorite programs in your cell phone now if you have the
3G capability in your cell phone device.

 Not everyone needs video calling or mobile TV; some people prefer only high speed internet
and mobility. 3G modems were invented for them. It gives you very high speed

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Browsing and downloading speed while you’re mobile, and saves your time as well. These
3G modems get the same speed, in some cases, even more.
 3G modem and internet; both have become cheap these days. You can very easily afford to
buy one and different providers provide different useful packages. You are at liberty to
choose convenient one sign into one.
Many more problems were solved as a result for combination of 3G and Mobile cloud
computing. For e.g.:
1. Problem of Mobile Commerce
For recent years, mobile commerce has made rapid progress, but the development bottle-
neck was:
– In the first place- the small network bandwidth
– In the second place-the high configuration of mobile phones and simple,
unfriendly user interface.
– In the third place-the problem of security.

How to resolve the limitation of mobile telephone terminals in data processing? Was the main
problem.

Mobile cloud computing and 3G provides a good way. The user obtains the required resource by
Mobile cloud computing as an on-demand and scalability. In cloud, there are plenty of excellent
servers to process mass data, all data of the client is transferred to the cloud by relevant interfaces.
Therefore, the platform can greatly enhance the speed of data processing and low configuration of
client.

Combining 3G and cloud has increase overall data processing speed. Security level being a
very serious matter has been solved comparing.

Many more such problems were solved as a result of combination of 3G and mobile cloud
computing (MCC).

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7. Conclusion
Mobile cloud computing and its combination with 3G and cloud, aims to empower the
mobile user by providing a seamless and rich functionality, regardless of the resource limitations of
mobile devices. Although still in its infancy, mobile cloud computing could become the dominant
model for mobile applications in the future.

Thus I have prepared on mobile cloud computing (MCC), combining 3G and cloud to increase
data processing speed and security level. Highlighting the motivation for mobile cloud computing, i
have also presented different definitions of mobile cloud computing in the literature, presented a
taxonomy of issues found in this area, and the approaches in which these issues have been tackled,
focusing on architecture, service and application, need and security.

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8. Reference

1. Abolfazli, Saeid, Sanaei, Zohreh, Ahmed, Ejaz, Gani, Abdullah, Buyya, Rajkumar (1
July 2013). "Cloud-Based Augmentation for Mobile Devices: Motivation, Taxonomies, and
Open Challenges". IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 99 (pp): 1–32. Doi:
10.1109/SURV.2013.070813.00285.

2. Fangming Liu, Peng Shu, Hai Jin, Linjie Ding, Jie Yu, Di Niu, Bo Li, "Gearing Resource-
Poor Mobile Devices with Powerful Clouds: Architecture, Challenges and Applications";, IEEE
Wireless Communications Magazine, Special Issue on Mobile Cloud Computing, vol. 20, no.
3, pp.14-22, June, 2013.

3. Sanaei, Zohreh; Abolfazli, Saeid; Gani, Abdullah; Buyya, Rajkumar (1 January 2013).
"Heterogeneity in Mobile Cloud Computing: Taxonomy and Open Challenges". IEEE
Communications Surveys & Tutorials (99): 1–24. Doi: 10.1109/SURV.2013.050113.00090.

URL:
1. [Marinelli09] Marinelli, “Hyrax: Cloud Computing on Mobile Devices using MapReduce,”
http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~emarinel/masters_thesis/emarinel_ms_thesis.pdf,
September 2009.

Papers:
[Samimi06] Samimi et al. "Mobile Service Clouds: A Self-Managing Infrastructure for
Autonomic Mobile Computing Services," Self-Managed Networks, Systems, and Services, 2006.
Zhang et al., "Securing elastic applications on mobile devices for cloud computing,"
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM workshop on Cloud computing security, 2009.
[Elespuru09] Elespuru et al., “MapReduce System over Heterogeneous Mobile Devices,”
Software Technologies for Embedded and Ubiquitous Systems, 2009.

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[Christensen10] Christensen, “Using RESTful web-services and cloud computing to


create next generation mobile applications,” Conference on Object Oriented Programming
Systems Languages and Applications, March 2010.
[Cheng06] Cheng et al., “Preserving User Location Privacy in Mobile Data
Management Infrastructures, “Proc. of the 6th Workshop on Privacy Enhancing
Technologies, 2006.

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