Overview of Data

Communication
and Computer Networks
01204325: Data
Communication and
Computer Networks
Asst. Prof. Chaiporn Jaikaeo, Ph.D.
chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th
http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~cpj
Computer Engineering Department
Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand1
 Outline
 Data Communication Overview
 Defnition
 Components
 Protocols and standards
 Network Overview
 Connectivity
 Categories
 Internetworks

2
 Motivations
 Efcient way to share resources
 Cost – less expensive
 Accessibility – easier
 Efcient way to exchange
information
 Time – faster
 Size – bigger
 Correctness – more accurate

3
 Data Communication:
Definitnioii
 Data Communication:
Transfer
Transfer of
of data
data from
from one
one device
device to
to another
another vv
some
some form
form of
of transmission
transmission medium.
medium.

4
Data Communication
Hi, Hi,
how how
are are
you? you?
Hi, how are you? Hi, how are you?

Computer User

01010001 01010001

5
 Communications
Characteristics
 Efectiveness of a data
communications system depends on
4 characteristics:
 Delivery: correct destination, user…
 Accuracy: accurate data reception at
destination.
 Timeliness: same order without
signifcant delay  real-tnime
transmission.
 Jitter: variation in the packet arrival time.
6
 Components in
Communication
1 Message
Hi, how are you?

5 Protocol

2 Sender 3 Receiver

4 Medium

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 Data Representation
 Numbers
 8/16/32 bit integers
 floating point 150
2
 Text
 ASCII, Unicode
 Images 255
 Bit patterns, Graphics formats
JPG/GIF/etc
 Audio  Samples of continuous signal
 Video  Sequence of bitmap images
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 Protocols and Standards
 Protocol
 A set of rules governing data
communications
 Syntax: format of data block
 Semantics: meaning of each section
 Timing: speed and sequencing

 Standards
 De factoi (in practice) standards
 not approved but widely adopted
 De jure (in law) standards
 approved by an organization

9
 Standards Organizations
 Creation Committees
 ISO, ITU-T, ANSI, IEEE, EIA
 Forums
 Regulatory Agencies

10
 Direction of Data Flow
 Simplex: One direction only

data flow

Server Monitor

data flow

Keyboard

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 Direction of Data Flow
 Half Duplex: Both directions, one at a
time
data flow at time 1

data flow at time 2

 E.g., walkie-talkies

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 Direction of Data Flow
 Full Duplex: Both directions
simultaneously
data flow

data flow

 E.g., telephone

 Can be emulated on a single

communication link using various methods

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 Networks
 Network: a set oif devnices coiiiected
by mednia lniiks
Laptop
iMac

Workstation

Media Links
Server
SD

Printer Scanner
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 Types of Connections
 Point-to-point
 Multipoint (multidrop)

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Point-To-Point Connection

16
Multipoint Connection

Wireless

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 Topology
 Topology: physical or logical
arrangement of devices
 Point-to-point
 Mesh
 Star
 Bus
 Ring
 Hybrid

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Point-to-Point Connection

19
Fully Connected Mesh
Topology
E

A D

B C

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Fully Connected Mesh
Topology

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Fully Connected Mesh
Topology
 Pros:
 Dedicated links
 Robustness
 Privacy
 Easy to identify
fault
 Cons:
 A lot of cabling
 I/O ports
 Difcult to move

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Star Topology

A D

Hub Drop

B C
Drop

23
Star Topology

A D

Switch

B C

24
Star Topology

A D

Hub

B C

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 Star Topology
 Pros:
 One I/O port per
device
 Little cabling
Hub  Easy to install
 Robustness
 Easy to identify
fault

 Cons:
 Single point of
failure 26
 Bus Topology

Drop
line

Tap

Terminator

27
 Bus Topology

A B C D

28
Bus Topology

29
 Bus Topology
 Pros:
 Little cabling
 Easy to install

 Cons:
 Difcult to modify
 Difcult to isolate fault
 Break in the bus cable stops all
transmission

30
 Ring Topology

D
B

31
Ring Topology

32
Ring Topology

 Pros:
 Easy to install
 Easy to identify fault

 Cons:
 Delay in large ring
 Break in the ring stops
all transmission

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Hybrid Topologies

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
10M100M
ACT ACT
PWR UPLINK

COLCOL
SWITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
10M100M
ACT ACT
PWR UPLINK

COLCOL
SWITCH 131415161718192021222324 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

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 Network Categories
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

35
 Local Area Networks
 Network in a single ofce, building,
or campus

36
 Wide Area Networks
 Network providing long-distance
communication over a country, a
continent, or the whole world

37
Metropolitan Area Networks
 Network extended over an entire city

Bangkhen Kampangsaen

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 Switching
 Dedicated circuits
 Circuit switching
 Telephone switches
establish circuits
for communication
 Packet switching
 Data are put into
packets telephone
 Each stamped with switch

source and destination

addresses
 Routers know where to
forward packets
Packet Router

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 Network of Networks

Company A Company B
Network Interface Card (NIC)

Company C Company D
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 Internetworking
 How to allow devices from diferent
standards to communicate
 Gateways/routers – devices
capable of communicating in several
standards

 These become "network of networks"

42
 Internetworks
 Two or more networks connected
become an niiterietwoirk, or niiteriet

Network1 Network2

Gateway

Network3

 Example: The Internet

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 The Internet
 The largest internetwork (network of
networks) in the world
 Devices communicating with TCP/IP
protocol suite
Stanford U. of Utah

UC Santa Barbara

UCLA

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 Summary
 Data communication
 Protocols and standards
 Computer networks
 Topologies
 LAN/MAN/WAN
 Internetworks (networks of networks)

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