Types of Sentences

In writing and speaking, there are four basic kinds of sentences:

 declarative sentences
 interrogative sentences
 imperative sentences
 exclamatory sentences
Using a variety of sentences in your writing will add interest and help you get your ideas
across. To communicate clearly, it's important to know the function of each type of sentence so
you can make the right choice, depending on your purpose.

Declarative Sentences
A declarative sentence is the most basic type of sentence. Its purpose is to relay information,
and it is punctuated with a period. For example:

 The boy walked home.

 I love honey.
 He wants to eat cookies, but he doesn't know how to make any.
 He is not a clever man
 We are not the man who safe your live.
As you can see, these sentences make statements, whether of fact or opinion. Declarative
sentences can be simple, as in the first two examples, or compound, as in the final example.
They can also be in any tense, as long as they do their basic job of presenting information. This
makes them the most common sentence type.

At its core, the declarative sentence is very basic. There is a noun and a verb in the sentence.
The sentence can have other elements, such as adjectives, adverbs and other words. But the
simplest form is just a noun and verb. The verb in a declarative sentence can be in any tense
form (present, future, past, etc.).

Types of Declarative Sentence :

 Affirmative, makes a positive statement
 Negative, uses negative words like no, not, never, etc.

Writing simple declarative sentences is a matter of following a simple formula:

Subject + Predicate
  Declarative sentences always have a subject and a predicate. The subject can be
simple with a noun phrase or it can be a compound subject. Compound subjects are
made of more than one simple subject combined with a conjunction such as and, or,
and but, However, In fact, Nonetheless, Besides, Instead, Moreover, Therefore, On the other
hand, Nevertheless, etc.

Here is an exercise: make a sentence (positive and negative)

 Coat
 Ride
 Foolish
 wise

Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative sentences interrogate, or ask questions. These are direct questions, and they are
punctuated with a question mark. For example:

 Why does the sun shine?

 Whose dog is that?
 Is she your girlfriend?
 Will Sherri get to keep all her lottery winnings?
Types of questions :
 Yes-No Question ; contain of affirmative or negative reply
 6 WH Questions ; Requires information like when, where, which, why, how
 Alternative Questions ; these require a reply which relates to the option.

In order to change an assertive sentence in the simple present tense into an interrogative
sentence, we use do or does as the first word followed by the subject, verb and the object.
Note that we use do with I, you and plural subjects. Does is used with singular subjects.
Form: Do/does + subject + present tense form of the verb.
Exercise are given below:

 The cow eats grass.

Does cow eat grass?
  Alice sings a song.
 She gets up early in the morning. I work hard.
 She speaks English well.

Note that if the interrogative sentence is in the negative, we begin it with do not or does not.

Don’t you want to come with us?

Doesn’t she understand what he means?
The question words who, whom, whose, when, why, where, which, how etc., sometimes
precede do and does :

Here are some exercise:

 You want to meet Andri

Why do you want to meet Andri?
 You want to go to market to buy a pizza
 He live in CIlacap near Nusakambangan
 I know Hendra from the Competition meeting in Tuban
 Everybody in this world love their nation

When the affirmative sentence contains the primary auxiliaries is, am, are, has or have, the
interrogative sentence will begin with these words
An interrogative sentence has the following structure.
Is/am/are/was/were + subject + -ing form of the verb.

 She is a doctor. (Affirmative)

Is she a doctor? (Interrogative)
 They have a car.
 She is very clever.
 She has many friends.

When the affirmative sentence contains the auxiliaries can, may, will, shall etc, the
interrogative sentence will begin with these words :

 She can go.

Can she go?
 They will come.
 You may take this book.
  I can lift this load
 We must go there.

Exclamatory Sentences
Exclamatory sentences are like declarative sentences in that they make a statement instead of
asking a question, but their main purpose is to express strong emotion. They are easily
recognized because they end in an exclamation point instead of a period:

 I said I wanted tacos instead of pizza!

 How well he sings!
 Wow, he just won a gold medal!
Notice that each one of these examples contains both a subject and a verb, which is still a
requirement for a complete sentence. Exclamatory sentences are often used in casual
conversation and in written dialogue to show emotion, but they are not typically useful in
academic or expository writing. In these more serious works, it's better to make your point
with well-written declarative sentences instead.

Rule Number One: If the noun in your sentence is plural, the correct choice is what,
not how.

 “What exceptional children these are!” is correct.

 “How exceptional children these are!” is incorrect.
 What is acceptable with singular nouns as well.
 “What an exceptional child this is!”

The emotion portrayed in the above examples is one of astonishment. You’ll quickly
see that any emotion can be expressed with exclamations.

Rule Number Two: When punctuating an exclamatory sentence, the exclamation mark
should be at the sentence end, not in the middle of the sentence.

 “Fantastic, we closed the deal!” is correct.

 “Fantastic! we closed the deal.” is incorrect.
Here are some exercise :

 You want to express that you meet with someone beautiful/handsome

What a beautiful woman she is, I want to introduce my self to her!
Such an incredible man he is, I want to be his girlfriend
 You want to express a beautiful goal from your favorite football club
 You want to express that you finished your test by your self and you get a good
mark.
 You want to express that you can broke a record of the fastest runner in some
competition.
 You want to express that you see a beggar who ask money to someone.

Imperative Sentences
Imperative sentences do not simply state a fact but rather tell someone to do something. These
can be in the form of friendly advice, basic instructions or more forceful commands. For
example:

 Please shut the door to keep out the bugs!

 Turn left at the bridge!
 Stop bothering me!
Many imperative sentences end in periods, but some of the more forceful demands may end in
an exclamation point to highlight the emotion. You can identify an imperative sentence because
it appears to be missing a subject. However, the command of each imperative is directed at you,
making these sentences second person. The subject of the sentence may be omitted, but it's
called "you understood" because the reader is aware that each sentence could be written as
"you do this" or "you do that.

How to Write an Imperative Sentence

Writing an imperative sentence is a bit different than other types of sentences, mainly
because of the subject. Imperative sentences generally begin with a verb, and may
seem to be missing a subject! But, that’s because imperative sentences are naturally
directed at someone since they give direct orders. Since it is implied that the sentence is
directed at a person or group of people, it is usually unnecessary to name the subject.
To make this simpler to understand, let’s try adding a person’s name to the beginning of
some imperative sentences:
  Sally, please don’t give the dog popcorn.
 Drivers, drive slowly.
 Sam, eat your popcorn!
 Everybody be quiet!
Now, if you take away the underlined subjects from the sentences above, they still
make sense:

 Sally, Please don’t give the dog popcorn!

 Drivers, Drive slowly!
 Sam, Eat your popcorn!
 Everybody Be quiet!
You can see that they all still make sense because the imperative verbs let us know that
the sentences are commands.

Here are a couple more tips for writing imperative sentences:

a. Decide on tone of voice

Decide which tone of voice is the best match for the purpose of your sentence. An
imperative sentence’s tone can be:

 neutral (like a recipe)

 fairly neutral (like a request)

 used to express strong emotions (like a serious command)

b. Decide on punctuation
The sentence’s tone will decide whether it ends in a period or exclamation mark:

 Ask yourself: Is your sentence it a demand, a suggestion, a wish?

 A forceful or demanding tone should have an exclamation mark: Stop feeding the dog!
 A suggestive or polite tone only needs a period: Please don’t give the dog popcorn!
Overall, the tone of an imperative sentence, and its punctuation, are up to you.

When to Use an Imperative Sentence

Using imperative sentences is pretty easy—in fact, you do it all the time without even
noticing! Here are a few tips for using them successfully:

a. Purpose
Remember their purpose. You can use them to:
  express your wishes for someone

 invite someone to do something

 give requests

 give instructions

 give important demands

b. Differences
Remember the distinctions between imperative sentences and other types of
sentences:

 Even if it ends with an exclamation mark, an imperative sentence CANNOT be an

exclamatory sentence, because exclamatory sentences do not share commands.
 Even if it ends with a period, an imperative sentence CANNOT be a declarative sentence,
because declarative sentences only share statements, not commands or wishes.

c. Exercise
 You want to ask a request for someone
Please, feed your pet to prevent its starving!
 You want to give instruction to someon
 You want to invite someone to do something
 You want to give important demand for someone