SYSTEMS APPROACH

Unit 1
System

System approach

Steps involved in system approach

Education system

Instructional system
“A system is the set of
interrelated and
interdependent
elements.”
R.L. Ackoff (1971)
 SYSTEM

Dynamic and integrated whole

Represents a complex but systematic organisation of

interrelated and inter dependent parts or elements

All the elements have respective roles

Self governing, self-maintaining and self regulating structure

System is aimed to achieve specific objectives

 TYPES OF SYSTEMS

NATURAL SYSTEMS MAN-MADE SYSTEMS

Solar system, Human body Telephone system,

system Education system

Beyond the control of man Controllable

Behaviour cannot be Behaviour can be

controlled or determined controlled and determined
 PARAMETERS OF A SYSTEM
What is put in to a system What goes in a system Product of a system

Physical and social environment

STEPS INVOLVED IN SYSTEMS APPROACH

1. System analysis

2. Systems design and development

3. Systems operation and evaluation

 1. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Identifying elements, organisation,

function or performance individually

Input, process, output and environment

evaluation of system objectives

2. SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

Determination fo the objectives of the

system

Selection of appropriate devices, methods,

strategies and approaches

Formulating comprehensive programme in

relation to objectives
3. SYSTEMS OPERATION AND EVALUATION

Outputs of the system meet the expectations or

requirements of the stipulated objectives

Improvement of the system can be done by

Manipulating the inputs

Manipulating environment

Controlling the interaction of the elements in

the system
 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

PUPILS
ADMINISTRATION
FORMAL/INFORMAL ATTAINMENT OF
TEACHERS
EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL
MATERIAL
PROCESS OBJECTIVES
FORMAL/INFORMAL
EDUCATION

ENVIRONMENT
SYSTEM APPROACH TO EDUCATION- PURPOSES

Improve the instructional system

Efficiency in school management

Maximum effective utilisation of man power

Improving examination and evaluation system

Improving guidance services

Training and developmental programme

Improving the system of informal and adult education

 STEPS INVOLVED IN SYSTEM APPROACH TO
EDUCATION

Identification of the problem

Specification of objectives

Analysing the task involved in achieving the objectives

Analysis of input

System design and development

Identification of preferred solution

Operation and implementation

Evaluation

Feedback
 INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

TEACHERS
STUDENTS INSTRUCTIONAL
ATTAINMENT OF
CURRICULUM METHODS
INSTRUCTIONAL
CONTENT STRATEGIES AND
OBJECTIVES
INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES
MATERIAL

ENVIRONMENT
 SYSTEM APPROACH TO INSTRUCTIONAL
SYSTEM

1. Formulation of objectives

Specify instructional objectives in terms of the

expected behavioural outcomes
 SYSTEM APPROACH TO INSTRUCTIONAL
SYSTEM

2. Pre-assessment of student-entering behaviour

Assess initial performance

 SYSTEM APPROACH TO INSTRUCTIONAL
SYSTEM

3. Designing and development of the system

Task, teaching strategies, media/material,

organisation of learning experience
 SYSTEM APPROACH TO INSTRUCTIONAL
SYSTEM

4. Operation or implementation phase

Appropriate integration of instructional system

 SYSTEM APPROACH TO INSTRUCTIONAL
SYSTEM

5. Evaluation of outcomes

Attainment is evaluated in terms of the

instructional objectives on the basis of post-test
scores
 SYSTEM APPROACH TO INSTRUCTIONAL
SYSTEM

6. Improvement of the system

Basis of feedback from evaluation results