Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
(日本語助動詞活用辞典)
Created by :
Ei Cohen
Electronically published by :
Personal Office Telintalk
Tokyo Japan
Hissha ga, kanari nenrei ga takaku natte kara, eigo igai no gaikokugo wo manabi,
shounenjidai kara naganen ni watatte mananda eigo yori, jissai no yaku ni tatte iru korera
no gaikokugo ni tsuite omou toki, gaikokugo no gakushuusha ni totte, ikani saisho no
kyouiku mesoddo (☞ method) ga juuyou de aru ka wo omoi sirasareta. Sorera hukusuu
no shurui no kotonaru gaikokugo wo osieru mesoddo ha, sorezore kotonatte ita nimo
kakawarazu, tomoni sono chuusin ni suerarete ita no ga, dousi de atta. Sosite, hissha ga
gaikokugo wo manabu tachiba de rikai si, gengo wo gaikokujin ni osieru ni atatte juuyouda
to kangaeru koto ha, kono dousi no shuutoku de aru. Kore ha hotondo sinnen ni chikai
mono de aru.
Mochiron, kokode iu dousi no shuutoku toha, dousi wo ta no gengo youso kara
kirihanasite itte iru no daha nai. Gyaku ni, dousi to setsuzoku suru ta no youso tono
karami no nakade, kimerarete iru dousi no hataraki to gutaitekina imi no rikai ga nasareru
koto wo iu node ari, sore ha gutaitekina hito to hito tono komyunikeeshon ( ☞
communication) no naka deno sityueeshon (☞ situation) ni oujita imi no ha'aku ni
tsunagaru mono de aru. Kore ha gengo no chigai ni yora nai, huhentekina meidai da to
hissha ha sinzuru.
Hurikaette, waga nihongo wo gaikokujin ga shuutoku siyou to suru toki, kono koto ha
issou juuyouna imiai wo motte kuru. Nihongo no dousi ha, sore jitai de, sono hataraki no
tayousei wo motte iru bakari de naku, tokuni, tayouna jodousi ya josi ga kirabosi no
gotoku dousi wo torimaite, jitsuni yuukitekina hokankankei wo motte, tagai no hataraki to
imi wo kettei site iru. Kono ten ni oite, nihongo no jodousi to josi ha, sono kazu no oosa
tomo aimatte, seioushokukugo no jodousi ya zenchisi no hatasu yakuwari wo ookiku
ryouga siteiru to kakusin site iru.
Sono you na kihontekina konseputo (☞ concept) ni tatte, "Jitsuyou kouza: OTO KARA
MANABU NIHONGO" no hensan ni sakidatte, hissha ga massaki ni torikakatta koto ga,
onsetsu lebelu ni tachi'itte sakusei sita kyousiyou to gakuseiyou no hatsuon kyouzai de
ari, sore to narande, kono "NIHONGO DOUSI YOUHOU JITEN" no hensan de ari, sore ni
tomonatte hasei sita Jodousi no youhou to,tomoni Dousi no tsukaikata wo meguru
samazamana juuyou jikou wo Hosoku (Appendix to site hensansi, sore wo bekko ni
matomete hensan sita no ga kono "NIHONGO JODOUSI YOUHOU JITEN" de aru.
Kono jiten ha, saki ni nobeta hissha no kanten wo gutaitekini akirakani site iru (mata sono
ito wo motte hensan site iru) to sinzuru node, kono sho wo riyou sareru kata ha, dare
simo, hissha no iwan to suru tokoro wo rikai sareru darou to omou. Mata kono jiten ha,
jouki no "OTO KARA MANABU NIHONGO" no sankousho to site hensan sare, hissha no
kangaeru gaikokugo to site no (tsumari, gaikokujin ni totteno ikokugo to site no)
nihongo no kyouiku hou to yuukiteki ni ketsugou site iru. Kono jiten no kousei to
siyouhou ha, tsugi no "Kono jiten no kousei to tsukaikata" de nobete aru ga, toriwake
gaikokujin no shogakusha ni totte ha, kore wo tandoku de siyou suru yori ha, jouki no
mesoddo no nakade "NIHONGO JODOUSI YOUHOU JITEN" to tomoni siyou suru hou
ga nozomashii. Sikasi, aruteido nihongo wo shuutoku site iru gakushuusha ga, kyoumi ni
sitagatte tandoku ni shiyussuru nara ba sono nihongo no chikara wo lebelu appu (☞
level up) suru noni yakudatsu koto mo tashika de aru. You ha, gaikokujin gakushuusha ga,
nihongo no dousi wo meguru, jodousi to josi no kirabiyakana kyouen wo kakunin si, sono
youhou wo etoku si, motte nihongo to Nippon no bunka wo yori hukaku rikai site itadakere
ba, hissha no mokuteki ha tasse rare, ooi ni yorokobi to suru tokoro de aru.
Ei Cohen,
2010 nen 6 gatsu 15 nichi
Jobun I
Kono Jiten no Kousei to Tsukaikata
Kono jiten niha NIHONGO DOUSI YOUHOU JITEN no tame ni hensan sareta
5-tsu no "Hosoku (Appendix)" ga matomerarete iru. Kore ni yotte, dousi to
jodousi no youhou ni kansuru subete no youten ga moura sarete iru. Hosoku
1-I to 1-II ha, jodousi no youhou ni kansuru koto ga matome rarete iru.
Hosoku 2 to 3, niha dousi no youhou no juuyou’jikou no subete ga matome
rarete iru. Hosoku 4 ha, sude ni nobeta youni, hukugou’dousi no lisuto (☞
list) de aru. Hukugou’dousi ni tsuite ha, NIHONGO DOUSI YOUHOU JITEN no
“Kono jiten no kousei to tukaikata” wo sanshou sare tai. Kono Hosoku no uchi
de, gaikokujin gakushuusha ni totte yori juuyou nano ha hajime no hutatsu de
arou. Naze nara, Jobun de nobeta youni, jodousi ha, josi to tomoni, bunshou
no naka deno tano goku no yakuwari to hataraki to imi wo kettei suru kara de
aru. Mata jodousi to josi ha tagai ni hokanteki ni sorezore no yakuwari to
hataraki wo kime’au. Sarani ichibu no jodousi ha, ta no jodousi no hataraki wo
mo kimeru. Korera no youhou ni shuujuku suru koto ha, nihongo no gokan wo
mi ni tsukeru noni taihen juuyoude aru.
Kigou "† " ga tsuite iru midasigo ha, kotengo wo imi suru ga, sono naka niha
genzai mo, gagotekina (tsumari, miyabi na) hyougen ya, jidai’geki ya
jidai’shousetsu nado de tsukawarete iru mono de aru. Tsukaware naku natte
iru mono ha shuuroku sarete inai.
{ Rei:† [ SIM U( しむ )] : > Shojou (wo) sitatame, tsukai no mono ni mota
simu (持たしむ)(☞ motte ika seta).}
Jobun II
Kono Jiten no Kousei to Tsukaikata
* Renzoku site iru jodousi ha ushiro no jodousi no saizu wo ookiku site wakete
meiji site aru.
[Rei: > Otto mo mou jiki modoru deshou kara, sibaraku chanomibanasi demo
site i mashou . Yukkuri site ikeru no deshou ."]
Kono jiten ni tsukawarete iru ryakugou niha, kaki no youna mono ga aru.
V: dousi (☞ verb)
Adj/adj: keiyousi (☞ adjective)
Adj v: keiyoudousi (☞ adjective verb)
Aux v: jodousi (☞ auxiliary verb)
N / n: meisi (☞ noun)
Adv/adv: hukusi (☞ adverb)
A p pen dix 1-II deha, jodousi no hataraki ga sono taigen site iru imi no
katachide kubun sarete iru. Koko deha, midasi no jodousi ni tsunagaru hinsi
no shurui ga kantan ni simesarete iru.
{ Rei: [U(う)] (kategorii 1 no dousi to keiyousi, keiyoudousi ni tsunagaru)
Jobun III
Kono Jiten no Kousei to Tsukaikata
{ Rei: [U(う )] (hanasite no isi) * "Saa, kore kara Yumi no tegami ni henji wo
kako u ."}
Douitsu bunshou ni hokano jodousi ga aru baai ha, sore ha tanni bold-tai de
meiji site aru.
[Rei: "Kyou ha mou dare mo ko nai da ro u ."]
Jobun IV
Kono Jiten no Kousei to Tsukaikata
suru hito ha, izure Nippon de saiyousarete iru tadasii yougo wo manabi naosu
hitsuyou ga aru koto ha, gen wo mata nai.
Ijou ga kono jiten no naritachi ni tsuite no gaiyou de aru. Kono jiten ha, hajime
nimo nobeta youni, mikan no "Jitsuyou kouza: OTO KARA MANABU
NIHONGO" no sankousho to site hensan sareta. Koko ni agerareta reibun ha,
akumade mo hissha no sokkyoutekina sakubun ni yoru. In'youbun ni tsute sae,
omoitsuki de agerareta ni suginai. Sitagatte sorera ga saitekina mono de aru
toha kagira nai to omou ga, "wareware ippanjin ga sono go wo tsukau to
sureba, kou naru", to iu hitotsu no sankourei de aru. Kono koto ha juuyou de,
gaikokujin gakushuusha ga, shourai, korera no kotoba wo ouyou site yuku sai
ni, kanarazu ya yakudatsu darou.
Kono jiten no siyou ha, kihonteki niha, roomaji hyouki no nihongo gakushuu
tekisuto wo tsukatta jugyou de nasareru beki mono to omou. Tokuni
shogakusha ya, amari goi no houhude nai shokyuu no gakushuusha deha,
bekko ni siyou suru koto ha, hotondo imi no nai koto darou to kangae rareru
kara de aru. Sikasi aruteido no lebelu (☞ level) made nihongo wo shuutoku
sita gakushuusha ga, tsukaikata wo saikakunin sitari, goi wo huyasitari suru
tame ni riyou suru koto ha kanou de ari, imi no aru koto kamo sire nai. Sou iu
imi deha izure chikai shourai ni, roomaji hyouki dake de naku, nihongo no
mojitaikei wo tsukatte hensan suru hitsuyou mo aru darou to, hissha ha
kangaete iru. Tomokaku mo, kono jiten no reibun ha, tannaru reibun no
rekkyo ni todomarazu, toki niha, reibun jisin ga aruteido monogatarisei no aru
monode attari, hitotsu no kaiwa ni natte itari suru node, riyou suru toki ha,
joukei nado wo imeeji (☞ image) site, yomi katsu riyou suru koto wo
osusume suru. Mata korera no reibun wo sozai ni site, monogatarisei no aru
kaiwa ya sakubun wo kousei sitari suru nomo hitotsu no riyouhou deha
nakarou ka, to omou sidai de aru.
*******
Jobun V
Honsho ni tsukawarete iru onsetsu
\ a i u e o \ a i u e o
k ka ki ku ke ko ky kya - kyu - Kyo
n na ni nu ne no ny nya - nyu - Ny o
m ma mi mu me mo my mya - myu - My o
y ya - yu - yo - - - - -
r ra ri ru re ro ry rya - ryu - ry o
[l] [la] [li] [lu] [le ] [lo] [ly] [lya ] - [lyu ] - [ly o]
w wa - wu - wo - - - - N
(ung)*
g ga gi gu ge go gy gya - gyu - Gy o
z za [zi] zu ze zo j ja ji ju je Jo
ji (dja) (dju) (dje) (djo)
Jobun VI
English Preface to
The Dictionary of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs
[NIHONG JODOUSI YOUHOU JITEN ZENBUN]
i
English Preface to
The Dictionary of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs
[NIHONG JODOUSI YOUHOU JITEN ZENBUN]
English societies.
As such you can understand the importance of auxiliary verbs (as well
as auxiliary particles) in definition of the final meanings of every
expression through those examples of usage of verbs given in this
Dictionary as well as the “Usage of Japanese Verbs”.
And then the author may feel happy if every user reach to understand
the concept of the author and to be familiarized with usage of every
auxiliary verbs and auxiliary particles as well in connection with
various Japanese verbs.
ii
Configuration and
How to use this Dictionary
Entry word with a sign "† " is a classic word, but among such classic
words there may be several words which are used also currently in
the expression and/or conversation in more elegant style and often
may read or hear in the classical or historical dramas or novels or
romances etc.
{Example: †[S IMU(しむ)] : > Shojou wo sitatame, tsukai no mono ni
mota sim u (持たしむ)(☞ motte ika se ta (持って行かせ た))
1
Configuration and
How to use this Dictionary
Those words ceased from being used in any style are omitted from
this Dictionary.
All sentences start with a so-called prompt sign (>), as used in the
“Usage of Japanese Verbs” like this:
[ e.g.: > “ Korar e tara (来られ たら)kite morae masen ka.”].
* Auxiliary verbs other than the entry one in the same sentence are
indicated simply with italic fonts.
2
Configuration and
How to use this Dictionary
[ e.g.: > Kongetsu kagiri de kono kaisha wo yame sase te itadaki masu
(いただき ます).]
[ e.g.: > Ikura kuchi wo suppaku site itte mo chittomo kikou to si nai
nda yo, ano ko ha.]
[ e.g.: Ame hutte dzi katamaru… yatto hutari mo motono saya ni
osamari souda na .]
[ e.g.: Otoko mo su naru niki wo omuna mo site mim u tote su nari.
(Kino Tsutayuki:-“Tosa Nikki” yori) ]
In the indication (if any) for any part of speech, there may be showed
the said part in the form of (“R” +) where the “R” is the abbreviation of
the English name of the said part of speech provided that if it is an
auxiliary verb it is the said auxiliary verb itself.
[eg.: ( V +), ( Adj +), ( no(の) +) etc. "no(の)" is the said auxiliary
verb.]
3
Configuration and
How to use this Dictionary
V: (☞ verb)
Adj/adj: (☞ adjective)
Adj v: (☞ adjective verb)
Aux v: (☞ auxiliary verb)
N / n: (☞ noun)
Adv/adv: (☞ adverb)
4
Configuration and
How to use this Dictionary
In the section about this “Onbin” there are illustrated paths from the
original form of conjugation to the final form of it combined with the
related auxiliary verbs (especially with [TA(た)] and [DA(だ)]) as well
as with other element of wording. So learner wouldn’t feel any difficulty
in comprehending such a typical mutation of sound. Additionally to say,
this kind of mutation of sound originally is not related to any of
grammatical rules. It is brought up from the physiological phenomenon
of the Japanese people in relation simply to their oral cavity and
respiratory system in the manner of speaking.
As such, there was never any kind of rules firstly to make such
mutation of sounds in connection with a certain word conjugating with
another word. So you could find several types of mutation in real
practices of Japanese speaking and/or writing depending on the
historical periods and regional characteristics, you could find some old
or classical traces or remains until now in somewhere of Japanese
provincial regions. Any way learners shouldn’t pass through this
feature, because this kind of mutation of sounds is also an important
element of conjugation in Japanese language.
5
Configuration and
How to use this Dictionary
This Dictionary could be used rather than better in the classes where
the tutor/s may orally give instruction with writing methods of
Japanese language using English characters. The tutors in such classes
should give a plenty of examples other than those provided in this
Dictionary. This Dictionary may be personally used as a by-reference
book in a way of phonetic approach to Japanese language. But learners
should read orally all sentences and expressions according to the
instructed manner. In such manner learners may automatically
familiarize also with Japanese writings as well.
At the end, the author hope, you will feel happy in using this
Dictionary as well as the “Usage of Japanese Verbs, a dictionary”
thanking for your interest in these dictionaries.
6
Configuration and
How to use this Dictionary
Best regards,
Ei Cohen
Personal Office Telintalk, Tokyo, Japan
E-mail Address: eicohen@eikohen.com
7
MOKUJI
(Contents)
i
MOKUJI
(Contents)
ii
MOKUJI
(Contents)
iii
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
[† no sirusite aru mono ha bungo, nai yo, kore ha. > Ikura kuchi wo
mataha kotengo de tsukawareru.] suppaku si te itte mo, chittomo
kikou (聞こ う) to si nai nda yo,
[ U ](う) ano ko ha.
(V + )
> Ii tokoro ni kite kure ta na. (Adj + )
Imakara kimi no tokoro ni yukou > Siberia no huyu ha sazo kasi
(行こう) to site ita tokoro da . samukarou ( 寒 か ろ う )na. >
> Korekara italia no yuujin ni "Yasukarou ( 安 か ろ う )
tegami wo kakou (書こ う ) to warukarou (悪かろ う )" ga atari
omou. > Sonna ni yuu nara boku mae to omo tte ii. > Taisetsu na
mo iku nowo yosou (よそう ) . > hitorimusuko ni sina rete sazo kasi
Chikara sigoto ha wakai noni tanon tsurakarou (辛かろ う ). > Ware
de yatte moraou ( 貰 お う . ) > ware ni dame tte hitori de yuku ki
Kono soramoyou deha asu ha ame datta to mite yokarou . (良かろ
ga hurou ( 降ろう ) . > Yuudachi う).
dakara, sibaraku site yamou (止
もう). > Kimi no hanasi wo kikase (Adj v.+ )
te moraou ka. > Oyome ni yukou > Musuko ga itsu made mo
(行こう) ga yuku mai ga watasi no burabura site ite ha, oya mo
katte desho-u . > Arou ( あろう ) huandarou (不安だろう). > Yama
koto ka aru mai koto ka tsuma no no yoru ha sidzukadarou (静かだろ
uwaki no aite ga go nin mo ita. > う).> Dou da, ore no nakama wa
Poruno ( ☞ pornography) wo minna yukaidarou . ( 愉 快 だ ろ
yomou (読もう) ga yomu mai ga う).> Ano baka daijin no atama ni
sono hito no katte da to omou ichigeki kurawasi te ya ttara,
n(o)da ga nee... nan dat te okami tsuukaidarou (痛快だろう). > naa.
ga soko ni kuchi wo hasama nakyaa > Iyagarou (嫌がろう)to iyagaru
ikan noka ne. > Hosii to omotte ita mai to, muriyari tsurete itte mizu ni
tentaibouenkyou ga moraete, hourikomu noga ano otoko no
anoko mo yorokobou (喜ぼ う). > kyouiku hou nan da .
Yukou (行こう) to omoe ba yuke
naku ha nai n(o)darou ga, nani siro (Aux.v. + )
aitsu ha zubora de debushou to > Minna de eiga wo mi ni iki
kite iru kara nakanaka mikosi wo mashou ( ま し ょ う ). > Kono
age nai n(o)da yo. > Asu no siai doresu (☞ dress) ga kini itta no
niha minna ganbarou (頑張ろう) nara, age mashou (ましょう).
ze. > Yarou (やろう)to omotta > Aitsu ha yorokonde iru youni itte
tte, dare ni demo dekiru koto jaa ha iru ga, honsin ha soudeha
Appendix 1-I - 1
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
Appendix 1-I - 2
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
> Mukasi otoko ari keri… > hodo ni (☞ motte ika se masu
Daitokoji no hossu koso node), sonata ha mi hitotsu de mai
okuyukasiki okata to zo tsuto ni rareyo. > Shi wo yoma sure (す
kikoe kere ( け れ ) ba , ikade ka れ)ba (☞ shi wo yoma se (せ)
omemoji tamawa ramu mono to tara), ano mono no migi ni deru
omoi i tari. > Taoyakana utsukusiki mono ha ora zu to yuu.
musume no cha wo motenasu tote,
nisikie nimo kakarete hiroku sirare † [ SIMU ] (しむ)
kere ( け れ ) ba, amata saburai
keri ( け り ) .> Hito no mi nimo (V + )
aware ha sirare kere ( け れ ) , > Shojou sitatame, tsukai no mono
yoshi naki mi ni si are ba, hude ni mota si mu (しむ) . (☞ motte
torite kakitsukuru mo uki mono to ika seta) > Kono sakusha ni iwa
oboyu. > Amata otonai ki tari te to sim uru(しむる)tokoro no gedatsu
ya kaku ya to hanasi ke re (けれ) no kyouchi to zo siru. > Romo no
do, yoshi naki koto nare ba, izure mono wo tsukawa sim uru (しむ
mo wasure ni ke ri (けり) . る) ni yotte, sibaraku mata reyo.
> Tsukai no mono ni mota sim ure
( し む れ ) ba, ottsuke makari
† [ SU ] (す) kosou.
(V + ) † [ SIME RU ] (しめる)
> Kono sho wo sochi ni tsukawa su
( す ) ni yo tte, tsutome te (V + )
hageme. > Omae niha matsu no > Ima sichoku no tede sou sase
nekata ni tatazuma se (せ) tamai sim e ( し め ) te ori masu node,
keru (☞ tatazun de irassha tta). > sono kekka wo matte , kenkai wo
Momo no hana wo kanzasi ni sasa nobe sasete itadaki masu. > Karera
se (せ) (☞ sasu you ni omeiiji ni wo si te iwa si mere (しめれ) ba ,
nari)..., nado si te aruka se (せ) sono youna koto ha sigoku touzen
tamahi ( ☞ oaruki nasatta) nan da souda …, tonikaku siro wo
(Makura no sousi). > Ano mono ni kuro to iikurumete habakara nai
yara se (せ) te mi mu tote, hito okunigara da kara nee. > Ano
wo tsukawa se (せ) tari . > Tono otoko ni iwa si me re (しめれ) ba,
niha koko ni ara se (せ) rare si ka aite ha hana kara yaru ki ga
(☞ irasshatta no desu ka). > Ai nakatta ni mo kakawara zu,
taku ba, awa se(せ) yo. > Mise no iinogare wo iitsudzukete ita ni sugi
mono ni mota se (せ) te yarou nai.
Appendix 1-I - 3
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
> Isoi de kochira ni ko sa si mey o suru soud a (そうだ) yo. > Ima
( し め よ ) …, to monosugo nimo hito ame ki souna (そうな)
kenmaku de okora reta. hodo kyuu ni sora ga makkuro ni
natte kita . > Kono kusuri kiki souni
(そうに) mo nai na. > Kono atari
[ SE RU ] (せる) niha yona yona yuurei ga deru
souna (そうな) . > Kono otoko
(V + ) kantan ni make soude mo,
> Ima kara uchi no ko wo yuka se nakanaka make nai. > Karera no
( せ ) masu node, sono ba de hanasi, nakanaka owari souni (そ
matte ite kudasai. > Sumi masen, うに) mo nai na. Hito asi saki ni
chotto sono huku wo mi se (せ) kaeru ka. > Deki soude(そうで),
te kudasai. > Omosiro souda ne, deki nai yo, kono geemu (☞ game).
watasi nimo yara se (せ) te kure > Toke soude (そうで) toke nai
nai ka. > "Geemu wo motto yara noga kono mondai no hinekureta
sero (せろ) tte, hitsukoi ndesu tokoro da .
yo, kono ko ha." "Si tai youni sa se
(せ) te oke, sono uchi akiru sa. >
"Sinkon ryokou no shasin mi se (Adj + )
(せ) te kure nai ka." " Sore ga, > Ika nimo hin no yo sa souna (そ
minna ga mi sero ( せ ろ ) mi う な ) chuunen no huuhu ga nani
sero (せろ) tte, motte icchatte, yara tazune ta souni ( そ う に )
ima dare ga mite run da ka, wakan chikayotte kita. > Kasiko souna
nai no yo." > Kono hon ha kodomo ( そう な ) ko da ne, kono ko. >
tachi niha yoma seru (せる) na. “Oisi souni (そうに) yake ta ne
> “Yoku deki ta ne. Otousan ni mi kono keeki (☞ cake).” “Mada tabe
se (せ) te goran…, kitto home chaa dame da yo.” > Kyou mo
rareru yo.” “Un, demo otousan no atsuku nari sou da na. > Sore ha
enogu wo tsuka cchatta kara, sika soud a ( そ う だ ) ga, sukosi ha
rareru yo.” > Abunai kara kochira no tachiba mo kangae te
kodomo’tachi wo, kokoni kure tomo yokari souna (そうな)
chikadzuka seru (せる) nayo. mon jaa nai ka ne. > Kyou ha
sotsugyou siki, gakusei tachi ha
[ SOUD A ] (そうだ) minna uresi souna (そうな) kao
de sansan gogo kinen no shasin wo
(V + ) tori’atte iru. > Nakanaka yosa
> Nan demo kare tachi kazoku wo souna ( そ う な ) ojousan datta
agete kanada (☞ Canada) ni ijuu ne…, Kazuo no yomesan ni dou
Appendix 1-I - 4
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
Appendix 1-I - 5
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
haha ni ranbou wo hataraku no hodo aru nda zo. > « Kirai dakara
datta(だった ). > Sou desita (で tabetak u (食べた く ) nai» da to?!
した ) ne, anata mo kagosima no Yo no naka niha tabe tak u (食べた
shussin desita (でした )ne. く ) tomo tabe rare nai hito ga
goman to iru nda zo, nani wo
zeitaku itteru nda. > Chikajdjika
[ TAI ] (たい) ome ni kakaritou ( か か り と う )
gozaimas ga, gotsugou ikaga de
(V + ) gozaimashou ka.
> "Nani, kimi ha umi ni ikitai (行き
た い ) no ka. Boku ha yama ni
nobori tai ( 登り た い ) no da ." " † [ TA SI ] (たし)
Yama ni nobori t ake re (登りた け
れ ) ba hitori de ike ba..." "Nan da, (V + )
boku to issho ni itak u (居たく ) nai > Yuki ta kere ( 行き た け れ )do,
no ka." > Nani, « mou iki te itak u kono tenki deha yukare nu wa. >
(居たく ) nai » da to…, ka to itte Edo ni zou no misemono ari tote,
sinitaku (死にた く ) temo, kantan mitasi (見た し )to omou mono
niha sine mai ga. > "Mou go nen mo ooku, toki ni shuusi tsuka nu ari
tansin hunin de Nyuuyooku ( ☞ sama nari.
NewYork) ni itte ru souda ." "Jaa,
sazo kasi kazoku ni ai taka ro ’u (逢 (Aux.v. + )
いた か ろ う) na." > "Ai tak at’ ta > Myou mui ka tou hou made asi
(会いた か っ た) . Dou site konna ni wo hakoba re tas i (運ばれた し ).>
nagai koto renraku kure nakat’ta Edo ni mai rare taru ori ha, settaku
no." > Tabetai (食べ た い ) dake nimo yo rare t asi .(寄られたし).
tabe nasai. Dakedo tabet ai (食べ
た い ) mono dake tabe te ite ha † [ TA RI ] (たり)
byouki ni nari masu yo. > Eiga wo
mi ni yuku yo. Kimi no kitake re (来 (V + )
た け れ ) ba issho ni oide. > I wo > Higasi no sora ni nobori’ideta ru
kitta nda tte …, genki sou jaa nai ka. (昇り出でたる )tsuki no amari ni
Dou da , nomi t akaro ’u.(呑みた か akaku ookiku mieta ru (見えたる )
ろ う) > Aitai (会いたい ), mitai (見 ni odoroku. > Kitari ( 来 た り ) ,
た い ), ga koi no tsune. > Si mitari ( 見 た り ) , kate ri. >
takaro ’u ( し た か ろ う)to sitak u Kokorozasi wo onajiku suru mono
(したく ) nakaro’u to, si nakere ba ha kitari (来 た り ) te katarae. >
nara nai koto ha jinsei ni yama Huyu kitari (来たり) na ba, haru
Appendix 1-I - 6
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
Appendix 1-I - 7
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
Appendix 1-I - 8
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
Appendix 1-I - 9
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
(V + ) † [ MAHO SI ] (まほし)
> Kaku yaha se masi (せまし ) to
omoitachi te, isogi ki nu to yuu. > (V + )
Yagate kakekomora m asi kaba, > Hito mina sono jintoku wo tatae,
kuchiosi kara masi . (Tsuredzure kaku ara ma hos i (あらま ほし )
gusa) > Uraraka ni ihi kikase taru tozo omou. > Hitahuru no yosute
ha, otonasiku kikoe na masi . bito ha, nakanaka ara m a hosiki
(Tsuredzure gusa) (あらまほ しき )kata mo ari namu
(Tsuredzure gusa) . > Kotoba
ookara nu koso, aka zu mukaha
[ MA SU ] (ます) mah osi ( 向 か は ま ほ し ) kere
(Tsuredzure gusa) . > Yoki koto
(V + ) nomi sem ahos ik ere (せまほ し
> Ki mase , mise mas ho (見せま けれ ) do, sezoku ni mamirete ha
しょ ), urando wo akete, tsuki no su majiki koto nimo te wo somenu.
meisho ha katsura hama (Minyou
“Yosakoi bushi ) . > Kono ken ni
tsuki mas i te ( つ き ま し て )ha, † [ MAJ I ] (- まじ)
nochihodo shousai wo gohoukoku
Appendix 1-I - 10
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
(Aux.v + )
> “Nobuyo ha nandaka kekkon suru † [ MU/N ] (む/ ん)
noga ureshiku nai mitaina (ないみ
たい な ) kuchiburi de, shinpai desu (V + )
wa nee.” “Nani, baka mitai ni (ばか > Kore yori makara m u (罷らむ )
み た い に ) yorokonde bakari tote, omae wo jise ri . > Ara mu
irareru toshi demo aru mai si, tere ( あ ら む ) kagiri no chikara wo
mo aru ndaro’u…, shotai ga hurisibo tte tatakae. > Kaeri
ochitsuke ba jikini sonna koto ha nam u (なむ )iza… > Tono nimo
iwa naku naru sa.” > Moratta tora sime tamaha me (賜は め )
purezento ni kyoumi ga nai tote, sasi idasu. > Kono yo ni ara
mita in a ( ない み た い な ) soburi mu (あらむ )kagiri ha, kaku koso
Appendix 1-I - 11
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
(V + ) (Aux.v +/V+)
> Asi no muki tara mu kata he ina (shu to site Edo/Toukyou no
nzu (往な ん ず )to te, ine ri . > hanasi kotoba)
Sono you na iwa nzu (云わんず )
mo gana no koto ha wazawaza yuu > Danna kore wo hitotsu mite
beki deha nakari ki. okunnasai…, mikake ha waruu
gozansu ga, kore de naka naka no
meikou no saku da toka de, ne no
† [ MER I ] (めり) haru mon de yas u (もんでやす ) .
> “Soude yasu ka…, sorejaa asu ni
(V + ) demo, misete itadaki ni meeri
> Uchiuchi niyokunarahie te yas hou (めえりや しょ う ).
sasi'ide tara mu koso, ito
kokoronikuka rame, to tsune ni
yuu mere (云うめれ)do, kaku yuu [ YA NSU ] (やんす)
hito ichigei mo narai uru koto nasi.
(Tsuredzure gusa ) > … ima ha (Shu to site Edo/Toukyou no
midokoro nasi, nado ha ihu me ru hanasi kotoba)
(云ふめる). (Tsuredzure gusa) (Aux.v +)
> Kore ha doumo danna…, tooku
kara wazawaza otsukare de
[ YA SU ] (やす) ya nsu … , semakutte, kitanee
toko de yasu ga, maa oagan
(V+/Aux.v +)(おいでや す ) nasutte kudasai yase.
(Kyou/Oosaka no hanasi kotoba)
Appendix 1-I - 12
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
Appendix 1-I - 13
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
(no + )
> Dou da honmono noyou daro ’u [ RA SII ] (らしい)
(のよう だ ろ う). Kore Hongkong
sei no Gucchi no nisemono nanda . (N + )
> Ano kuni no seisaku ha marude > Gogo ha ame ras ii (雨らし い ).
neko no me no youn i (のよう に ) > Kimi ras iku (君らし く )mo nai
kurukuru kawaru. > Neko no hema wo yatta mono da. > Sou ka,
yo un i (のよ う に ) hiza ni notte kimi ni sonna koto itta no ka. Ika
amaeru no deha ari masen! > nimo kanojo rasii (彼女ら しい )
Jibun de ya tte oi te marude na. > Seikaku mo goutan de ouyou,
hitogoto no yo una (のよ うな ) ika nimo otoko rasii (男ら し い )
kuchiburi da yo, aitsu no taido ha. hito da ne. > Katsudouteki na hito
da ga, meiku ( ☞ make-up) de
onna ras iku (女ら しく )hyougen
† [ RA S I ] (らし) suru koto mo wasure te i nai ne,
ano hito. > Yama ha yuki ras ii (雪
(V + ) ら し い )kara, banzen wo kisi te,
> Yuu sare ba ogura no yama ni sounan si nai youni itte kite kure.
naku sika ha, koyohi ha naka zu ine
ni ke ras i (居寝にけらし )mo. [☞ (V + )
ne te simatta you da na ] > Kare ha kondo Amerika ni hunin
(Mannyoushuu) > Yuu sare ba suru ra sii . > Kimi, kono kaisha wo
koromode samusi miyosino no, yameru rasii (辞めるら し い )ne.
yosino no yama ni miyuki huru ras i > Nan demo ano otoko ga kachou
Appendix 1-I - 14
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
Appendix 1-I - 15
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
[ RA RE RU ] (られる)
† [ RI ] (り)
(V + )
> Tabako ga nakanaka yame ra re (V + )
(止めら れ ) nakutte ne... > Hore te > "Warera ha kate ri (勝てり )." >
hore ra re (惚れられ )te … , oatsui Seyo tono oose nite, nase ri (為せ
koto desu ne. > Sonna mono mise り ). > Hana tachibana ha na ni
rare ( 見 せ ら れ ) temo, dare no koso ohere (了へれ ), naho, ume
mono ka wakara nai yo. > Minna ni no nihoi nizo … (Makura no sousi)
motome ra re ru ( 求 め ら れ る ) > Omae nimo uchi'idete sono mono
ningen ni nari nasai. > Gakkou de mi tamahe ri (見給へり ). > Onago
sensei ni home ra re (褒められ ) ta no yoyo to nakihusere (泣き伏せ
ndat’te. > Kono seizou lain ( ☞ れ ) ba, otoko susamajiku omohe
line) ha ichido ugoki dasi tara , tsugi ri (思へり ). > Ima kakyuu no koto
no tenken no toki made tome ra re arite, chouseki ni semare ri (迫 れ
(止めら れ ) nai. > Ko ra rere (来ら り ). (Tsuredzure gusa)
れれ ) ba, ki te moraeru to arigatai.
> Kono eiga ha susume ra re (勧め
られ ) nai. > Kanojo ha ano otoko † [ RU ] (る)
kara ha nige rare (逃げら れ ) mai.
> Yame ra rere (辞めら れれ ) ba, (V + )
yameru ni kosita koto ha nai nda ga, > … hito ni omohare (思はれ )mu
yame rare (辞め ら れ ) souni mo bakari medetaki koto ha ara ji.
nai. (Makura no sousi) > … oya,
harakara no naka nite mo, omoha
ruru (思はる る ), omohare (思
† [ RA RU ] (らる) はれ )nu ga aru zo, ito wabisiki ya.
Appendix 1-I - 16
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
Appendix 1-I - 17
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
Appendix 1-I - 18
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
Appendix 1-I - 19
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
Appendix 1-I - 20
JODO USI NO YOUHOU
(V + )
> Yaru bek i (べき)koto wo yatte *****
kara asobi nasai. > Kiken kuiki ni
tachi'iru be ki(べき) deha nakatta .
> Yuu bek i (べき)koto ha itte oka
nai to, ato de human ga nokoru
kara nee. > Ochiau bek i (べき)
tokoro niha kiawasete izu,
machibouke wo kuwa sarete
hikiagete kita . > Gaku wo
kokorozasu nara, korera no chosho
ha yonde oku bek i(べき)da . > Su
bek i (べき) koto ha suru, to yuu
noga kare no sinjou da. > Imasara
sono youna guchi ha yuu bek i (べ
き) deha nai. > Kogane ha yama ni
site, tama ha huchi ni nagu bes i
(べし) . (Tsuredzure gusa) > …
sumiyaka ni su be ki (べき)koto
wo yuruku si, yuruku su beki (べ
き)koto wo isogi, sugi si koto no
kuyasiki nari . (Tsuredzure gusa) >
Kono youna daiji no koto ha sonata
ga mizukara okonau bek i (べき)
dat’ta. > Shibahu no naka ni hairu
beka ra zu(べからず). > Shinkun
yoli hailyou no tachi, torareta to
atte ha oie no daiji ja, shikyuu
torikaesu besi ( べ し ) . >
Utsukusikarisi Edo no machi ha, ima
to natte ha mi taku tomo mi be ku
( べ く ) /be u ( べ う ) (byou )
( び ょ う ) mo nai. > Tadachi ni
sanjou su beke re(べ け れ )domo,
kawadome nite miugoki nara zu, Oui
nowatasi wo mae ni sudeni yokka
Appendix 1-I - 21
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
I • JODOU S I NO H AT A RAK I
(Sa so ikake)
Appendix 1-II - 1
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
(So uz o u: s ui ry ou)
Appendix 1-II - 2
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
(Kyoka/Ki n si: H ou ni n)
*****
(Kyoka: H o un in)
*****
Appendix 1-II - 3
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
[SOUD A (そうだ)] 2
(Dousi to ichibuno jodousi, keiyousi, keiyou dousi ni tsunagaru.)
*****
(Kako)
Appendix 1-II - 4
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
(Kan ry ou)
(Ketsu da n)
** ** *
Appendix 1-II - 5
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
(Tas ha n o kibo u)
** ** *
(Hitei)
** ** *
Appendix 1-II - 6
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
(Hitei - Uc hike sh i)
(Kan ry ou) † : (Kogo - Uta, si, haiku, waka, nikkibun nado ni genzai
mo tsukawareru.)
** ** *
(Sui ry ou/ S ou zo u)
Appendix 1-II - 7
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
(Hitei)
** ** *
** ** *
Appendix 1-II - 8
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
(Reiji: T ato e)
** ** *
(Sa so ikake)
(So uz o u: S ui ry ou)
Appendix 1-II - 9
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
*****
(So utei/H Iy u)
(Reiji)
* Koko ni a geta youna(挙げたような ) rei ha, hoka nimo irorio
to aru.
Laion ya hyou, chiitaa n o youna(チーターのような ) moujuu
ha nekoka no doubutsu de su .
(Huta sika na h an da n)
Appendix 1-II - 10
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
** ** *
Appendix 1-II - 11
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
(Ari sa m a)
** ** *
(Kan o use i)
(Ukemi)
(Jihat su sei)
Appendix 1-II - 12
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
(Kan o use i)
(Ukemi)
* Ya ra reru (やられる ) mae ni yaru. Kore ga, ano otoko no shugi da.
Kono hon ha amari y o ma re te(読まれ て) inai.
Kare ha doumo minna ni s uka re nai (好かれない) youda na.
Omoi, om o wa re te(思われて), hutari ha kekkon sita.
(Jihat su sei)
Appendix 1-II - 13
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
[DA (だ)]
(Meisi, dousi, jodousi, keiyousi, keisyoudousi, to josi "no" "kara" ni
tsunagaru.)
(Da ntei)
(In aka pp oi h yo u ge n)
* Toukyou sa ik u da (行くだ ).
Kono imo ha u me e (☞ umai) da (うめえだ ).
(Da ntei)
Appendix 1-II - 14
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
(Tein ei n a hyo u ge n)
(Meir ei)
(あり得べからざる )
* Ya r u beki(やるべき )koto wo saki ni yatte kara, asobi nasai.
Koko ha danko h umit od o ma ru beki (踏み止まるべき )da .
Kare no sakuhin niha amari mir u beki (見るべき ) mono ha
nai .
Sonna koto ha, hito to site su beki (すべき ) de ha nai .
Appendix 1-II - 15
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
2 • JODOU SI NO GOKE I HE NK A
Appendix 1-II - 16
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
kudasai.
* Sakini kodomo tachi ni gohan wo ta be sase (食べさせ ) you .
* Sakini kodomo tachi ni gohan wo ta be sase ( 食 べ さ
せ )m as h o u .
* Kodomo tachi niha, saki ni gohan wo ta be sase ta(食べさせ
た) yo.
* Watasi ga kono ko ni gohan wo ta be saseru (食べさせる ).
* Sorosoro kodomo tachi ni gohan wo ta be saseru (食べさせ
る ) ka na.
* Saki ni kodomo tachi ni gohan wo ta be sasere (食べさせれ )ba .
* Kimi ga kodomo ni gohan wo ta be sasero (食べさせろ )yo.
Ano otoko ha husimatsu wo sidekasita. Tadachi ni kaisha wo
yam e saseyo (辞めさせよ ).
Appendix 1-II - 17
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
Appendix 1-II - 18
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
* Kore dake setsumei sure ba, watasi no yuu koto ga kare nimo
wak at taro u (解ったろう).
* Ano otoko no honsin ga wak at ta (解った).
* Watasi no yuu koto ga wakat ta(解った)-a. [Watasi no yuu koto
ga wakat ta (解った) ka .]
Wak at ta (判 っ た )koto ha wakat ta ( 判っ た ) ga/(kedo),
imahitotsu, ano hitono honsin ga waka ra n akat ta(判らなかった).
* Watasi no yuu koto ga wakat tara (解ったら) (-ba ), tadachi ni
jikkou ni utsusite kure.
Appendix 1-II - 19
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
Appendix 1-II - 20
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
[iii], v], vi], vii] no yottsu no pataan no gokei dake sika nai.]
(sukosi hurumekasii iikata)
Appendix 1-II - 21
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
Appendix 1-II - 22
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
15. [YOU(よう)]
Appendix 1-II - 23
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
Appendix 1-II - 24
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
Appendix 1-II - 25
JODOUSI NO HATARAKI TO HENKAKEI
Appendix 1-II - 26
[HOSOKU (Appendix) (2)]
TIPS: [D OU SI NO YOUHO U AR EKO RE]
[Kono katachi no youhou ha, shu to site, Nikki ya kiroku, memo nado
ni mochiirareru kakikotoba no youhou de aru.]
Appendix 2 - 1
[HOSOKU (Appendix) (2)]
TIPS: [D OU SI NO YOUHO U AR EKO RE]
i) dousi no genkei nomi ka, mata ha meisi nitsunagaru (pataan vi) katachi
ni josi "no (の)" wo tomonatte meisiku no hataraki wo suru:
ii) Josi no "ka (か)", "t o (と)", "m o (も)" nado ni tsunagatte meisi,
mataha, meisiku no hataraki wo suru:
Appendix 2 - 2
[HOSOKU (Appendix) (2)]
TIPS: [D OU SI NO YOUHO U AR EKO RE]
* Kore kara houkoku s ur u(する) kot o ha, kore made houdou sarete ir u
(いる) kot o toha c hi ga u(違う)(☞ kankeidaimeishi ga habukarete
iru), sono kuni no mou ichimen no genjitsu desu.
Appendix 2 - 3
[HOSOKU (Appendix) (2)]
TIPS: [D OU SI NO YOUHO U AR EKO RE]
* Tokai de mir u (見る) mono kik u(聞く) mono, subete ga kanojo niha
mezurasiku, mata sinsenna odoroki datta.
ii) kankeihukusi no hataraki wo suru meisi, "ori( 折)", "kor o(頃)", "s ets u
(節)", "t oki (時)", "tok or o (所)" nado wo shuushoku site
hukusiku no hataraki wo suru:
Appendix 2 - 4
[HOSOKU (Appendix) (2)]
TIPS: [D OU SI NO YOUHO U AR EKO RE]
iii) Josi "ka ra(から)", "to(と)", "n i(に)", "n ode(ので)" ni tsunagatte,
hukusiku wo tsukuru.
Appendix 2 - 5
V • DO US I NO JODOU S ITEK I NA YOUHOU
[~te ar u (てある)]
Appendix 2 - 6
[~te kur u (てくる)]
[~te si ma u (てしまう)]
* "Boku ha majime desu" tte. Heehn, toka nan toka icc hatte (云っちゃって),
kage de nanpa siten darou, omae. Hakujou siro, kono yarou.
Appendix 2 - 7
"Yoku, yuu yo. Romi to dekic hatte r u (出来ちゃってる) kuse ni, watasi
mita nda kara ne.
[~te mi ru (てみる)]
* "Dou sita noka na, kono telebi? Utsura nai yo. "
"Dore, mite mi you (診てみよう) ."
* Sigoto ga yotei douri itteru ka, genba ni itte mite m i (見てみ) you.
* Takeo tachi umaku yatter u no ka na. Tochuu yott emi (寄ってみ)you ya.
Appendix 2 - 8
* Ii yo, okuttetta ge ru (送ってったげる).
[~te mi se ru (てみせる)]
[~te m or au (てもらう)]
Appendix 2 - 9
[~te yuk u(てゆく)/~t e iku(ていく)/[ ~tek u(てく)]
Appendix 2 - 10
VI • DOU SI NO SET SUB IGOT EKI NA YOUHOU — I —
(Huku gou do u si no ki no u)
[-oe ru (- おえる)]
[-o wa ru (- おわる)]
[-kom u (- こむ)]
Appendix 2 - 11
[-kom er u (- こめる)]
[-su gi r u (- すぎる)]
[-hat as u (- はたす)]
[-hat er u (- はてる)]
* Gaman ni gaman wo kasaneta ga, mou sei mo kon mo tsuki- hat e ta.
* Sono keikaku ha, kare no jinsei no mi- hat e nu yume datta.
* Masao ha munasiku ikoku no chi ni kuchi- hate ta.
Appendix 2 - 12
[-haj im er u (- はじめる)]
* Huri- haji me te(降り始めて) kara, kesa rokuji made no uryou ha 580 mili ni
tassimasu.
* Kono hon ha, omosiroku te, yomi- haj im e tara(読み始めたら), yamerare
nai.
* Minasan, saki ni tabe- hajim e te(食べ始めて) kudasai.
* Naki- haji me tara(泣き始めたら), nakanaka nakiyama nai nda yo, kono ko
ha.
* Machiagune te, kankyaku ha kaeri-haji me ta(帰り始めた).
Appendix 2 - 13
VII • DO US I NO ZOU GOHOU
1 [R + SU RU ( する)]
(R h a k an go, wa se i-ka n go n ad o no j uk ugo mei si, ga ir ai go ,
huk us i n ad o)
Appendix 2 - 14
* Sutaato(=start) no tejun ha, suicchi(switch) A wo ohu(=Off) ni sita
joutai de, suicchi B, D, C no junni tsugitsugi ni O n s ur u (オンする).
* "Okosan tachi yasumichuu zutto inaka ni itte iru no? Jaa, sabisii
deshou?" "Urusai noga inaku te, s ei sei su ru (清々する) wa."
* Yare yare, nanmon ga kaiketsu site, yatto s eis ei sita(清々した). Iyaa,
kitsui ichinen datta.
Appendix 2 - 15
2 [R' +S f]
(R' h a keiyo u si, keiy ou d ou si, m ei si n ad o no goka n; Sf ha
you gen t o sit e h ata rak u ikut suk a n o setu bi go)
[N (m ei si)+]
(-mek u (- めく))
* Youyaku ha rume i te(春めいて) kita na. (=haru rasii kikou ni natte kita)
* "Otagai sama" to, kare ha hinik umei ta(皮肉めいた) usuwarai wo ukabe
te itta.
* Wareware no aida niha, himitsumei ta(秘密めいた) hanasi ha nani mo nai
yo.
* Jiko no kuwasii jouhou ga naku, shuui ha niwaka ni irom ei te(色めいて)
kita.
* Ie ga chikadzuku ni tsure, kare no kokoro ha tokime i te (ときめいて)kita.
* Kare ha, ima wo toki m eku (時めく)seijika da.
* Namamekeru ( 艶 め け る ) keisei domo sozoro saburaite, ito ayasi
kereba…
* Sono kurabu niha, taisou namame i ta(艶めいた) huzeino sugata-katachi
wo sita onna tachiga nazom ei ta( 謎めい た) bishou wo kuchimotoni
tataete suwatte ita.
(-mek as u (- めかす))
Appendix 2 - 16
ukabe nagara, tatte ita.
(-bam u (- ばむ))
(-bur u (- ぶる))
* Ano sensei ha, gakushabura( 学者ぶら) nai tokoro ga, hito ni koukan wo
motareru nda.
* Anikiburu ( 兄貴ぶる) noha ii ga, sukosi ha imouto no koto wo itawatte
yare.
(-koker u (- こける))
(-koku ru (- こくる))
(-su gi r u (- すぎる))
Appendix 2 - 17
* Sore ha kodomo niha omosugiru ( 重過ぎる). Watsi ga motou.
* Suso ga nagasugiru (長過ぎる)ne. Sukosi tsumete moraou.
* Hutari no haru ha nagasugi ta ( 長 過 ぎ た ) mitai da na. Kekkyoku
wakarechatta yo.
* Ikura wakamono ha mono wo sira nai toha ie, kare no baai ha, amari nimo
siranasugiru (知らな過ぎる)yo.
* Jitai ha touzensugi ru (当然過ぎる)kekka ni owatta.
* Jikan no yoyuu ga nasasugiru ( なさ過ぎる ) . Kore deha ii seihin no
kaihatsu ha deki nai.
* Kono sukaato (☞ skirt) ha watasi niha mijikasugiru ( 短過ぎる).
* Kono heya, samusugi (寒過ぎ)nai ka.
* Metalu (☞ metal) no ondo ga takasugi ru ( 高すぎる) you da. Kikai wo
tomete tenken si you.
(-mek u (- めく))
(-mek as u (- めかす))
(-taku ru (- たくる))
Appendix 2 - 18
(-tats u (- たつ))
(-dat su (- だつ))
(-gar u (- がる))
Appendix 2 - 19
* Nani mo kanasiga ru (悲しがる)koto ha nai ja nai. Sugu kaette kuru yo.
* Kowagara (怖がら)naku temo ii yo. Kono chuusha ha itaku nai kara ne.
* Omae ga nagai koto kaette ko nai node, kaasan ga samisigat teru(寂しが
ってる) zo.
* Hazukasigat te(恥ずかしがって), kanojo nakanaka dete ko nai yo.
* Kanja ga amari kurusiga ru (苦しがる)you nara, moruhine(=morphine) wo
uchi mashou.
* Nan da, hito no sippai wo omosirogat teru( 面 白 が る )dake kai.
Hakujoumono ga.
* Sonna ni samugaru(寒がる) hodo kono heya no ondo hikuku nai kedo na.
Netsu ga aru nja nai ka.
* Aitsu, minna no mae deha tsuyogat teru(強がってる) kedo, hontou ha
okubyou nan daa.
(-gum u (- ぐむ))
Appendix 2 - 20
(-bam u (- ばむ))
(-bur u (- ぶる))
3. • [P f.+ R"]
(koji- (こじ- ))
(Hita- (ひた- ))
Appendix 2 - 21
* Aki no hi no violon no tameiki no, urabure te hi taburu(ひたぶる) ni
uraganasi…
(Hiki- (ひき- ))
* Sono sukyandalu ni towarete ita giin ha, kyouri ni modoru to, isamasii
enzetsu wo buchiage ta(ぶち上げた).
* Kare ha iku sakizaki de atama kara nieyu wo buk kake(ぶっ掛け) rareta
Appendix 2 - 22
(=kibisii hihan ni sarasareta).
* Rengougun ha, Iraku no shuto ni takusan no misailu (☞ missile) wo
buchikonda(ぶち込んだ).
* Juudan ha taichou no atama wo buchinuite(ぶち抜いて) ita.
* Kare ha, sihou kara no hihan ni sukkari buc hi nom esareta(打ちのめされ
た).
* Kare ha, tamatte ita human wo ikki ni buc himake ta(ぶち
まけた).
(Huki- (ふき- ))
* "Dou da, ii kabin darou. Pari no nomi no ichi de katte kita nda." "Konna
kaketa kabin ga 1000 dolu da nan te, umaku hukkake(ふっ掛け)(☞
hukikake(吹き掛け) rareta mon da na."
* Gussuri nete, ichiya akeru to, kanojo no kokoro no wadakamari mo,
huk kireta(吹っ切れた).
* Genjitsu wo mae ni site, risou mo nani mo hut tonde ( 吹っ飛ん で)
simatta.
Appendix 2 - 23
VIII. DOU SI NO SET SUB IGOT EKI YOUHO U — II —
(Huku gou do u si no ki no u - t su dz uki)
(-au (- あう))
(-a ga ru (- あがる))
(-kaes u (- かえす))
* Ichi'ichi iikae sa(言い返さ) nai de, sukosi ha hito no yuu koto wo kiki nasai.
* Yarare tara, yarikae su (やり返す), ryousha no aida niha, kenka ga tae
nakatta.
* Konnan wo hanek aesi te(撥ね返して), saiki sita.
* Ressei wo makikae si te(巻き返して), kousei ni tenjita.
* Nanben onaji machigae wo kurikae si (繰り返し)tara, naoru nda ne.
Appendix 2 - 24
(-kaer u (- かえる))
(-kaka ru (- かかる))
(-kaker u (- かける))
Appendix 2 - 25
(-ka wa su (- かわす))
(-kiru (- きる))
* Kare ha, dare ni taisite mo, hakkiri to mono wo iikiru (云い切る)otoko da.
* Basu wo karikit te(借り切って), onsen ni dekake ta.
* Sokou no warui musume ni, oya ha komarikit te(困り切って) ita.
* Kare ha shakkin no hensai no medo ga tatazu ni yowarikit ta(弱り切った).
* Kono tetsugakusho ha nankai de, saigo made yomikiru (読み切る)noha
mutsukasii.
(-kom u (- こむ))
(-sa ru (- さる))
Appendix 2 - 26
* Sugisat ta(過ぎ去った) koto ha, kuyande mo sikata ga nai.
* Kanojo ha goolu sunzen de nukisat te(抜き去って), katta.
* Kanojo ha, sono otoko no koto ha sukkari wasuresa t te(忘れ去って) ita.
(-siku (- しく))
(-su gi r u (- すぎる))
(-su s um u (- すすむ))
(-sut er u (- すてる))
Appendix 2 - 27
(-su m as u (- すます))
* Ano otoko ha, anna huu ni okonaisum asi te(行い澄まして) ha iru ga, ura
de nani yatteru ka wakara nai otoko da yo.
* Otoko ha, mimi wo kikisuma si te(聞き澄まして), senaka de kochira no
yousu wo ukagatte ita.
* Ookami ha, ha wo togisum asi te(研ぎ澄まして), Akadzukinchan wo
matte ita nda yo.
* Sono otoko ha, kodomo no toki ni wakarewakre ni natte ita Sachiko no
otouto ni na risuma si te(成りすまして), kanojo no mae ni arawareta.
* Kanojo ha sentou no rannaa(=runner) no tsukare wo misuma si te(見澄
まして) supaato (☞ lastspart) wo kaketa.
(-sok o na u (- そこなう))
Appendix 2 - 28
(-tater u (- たてる))
* Nani, kasita kane wo kaesite morae nai. 1000 man'en mo ka. Yosi, soitsu
toha, sasichi gae te(刺し違えて) demo, torikaesite kite yaru.
* Aitsu, nan daka, kochira no hanasi no imi wo toric hi ga e teru(取り違えてる)
mitai da na.
* Watasi no kaita koto no sin'i wo yomic hi gae te(読み違えて) moratte ha,
komari masu ne.
(-chi ra s u (- ちらす))
Appendix 2 - 29
* Kare ha, haradachimagire ni sokorajuu kechi rasi te(蹴散らして), deteitta.
* Tsuma ha, kanshaku wo okosite, aru mono teatari sidai ni nagechi rasi ta
(投げ散らした).
* Burazilu deha, oomisoka ni, hurukunatta shorui wo mado kara dooro ni
makichirasu(撒き散らす) shuukan ga aru.
* Are kore yomic hi ra si te(読み散らして), saigo made hon wo yomiowaru
koto ga nai nda, aitsu ha.
(-tsuk us u (- つくす))
(-tsuke r u (- つける))
(-too su (- とおす))
Appendix 2 - 30
* Aite no dekata ha, senkoku mitoosi te(見通して) ita.
* Hajimeta koto ha, saigo made yaritoosa (やり通さ) nakere ba dame da
yo.
(-na o su (- なおす))
Appendix 2 - 31
(-no gas u (- のがす))
(-ha n as u (- はなす))
Appendix 2 - 32
(-mo r as u (- もらす))
*****
Appendix 2 - 33
XI • DOU SI NO MEIRE IKE I NO IROIRO
* Nan ga nan demo ike (行け)to iwarere ba, iki masu yo. Sikasi, iku dake
muda da to omoi masu.
* Dou site mo k ur u n a (来るな), to yuu nda ne.
* Sugu watasi no heya ni kite k ud as ai (来てください).
* Sibaraku uchi niha k o nai de k ud as ai (来ないでください).
* Nokku(=nock) huyou. Gojiyuu ni oh ai ri ku da sa i(お入りください).
* Sibaraku heya ni hai r a n ai d e ku da sai (入らないでください).
Appendix 2 - 34
* Go me n kudasa(ご免ください)i, kono mikan 1 kilo ku da sai( 下さい ).
(丁寧な言い方)
* Oi, teishu、 Kono tai wo ippiki k ur e ( くれ ).(横柄な言い方)
* Hora, gor an (ご覧).Yuu koto wo kika nai kara, kega wo suru nda yo.
* Hora, mi ro ((見ろ), da kara iwa nai kocchaa nai.
* Hora, iwa nai kocchaa nai. Mi ru na (見るな), to itta rou.
* Touhou no teian wo tekkai se yo(せよ), tono koto desu ga, sore ha deki
Appendix 2 - 35
masen.
* Tekkai siro (撤回しろ), to itte mo, sitagau mai. Ano kaisha no sonritsu
ni kakawaru darou kara na.
* Woryaa. Iika, yarou domo, ie no mawari wo yoku mi hatte ro (見張って
ろ). Neko no ko ippiki to o su nja a n ee zo (通すんじゃあねえぞ).
Appendix 2 - 36
* Saa, hara ippai ta bena (食べな). (☞ tabe nasa i (食べなさい))
*****
Appendix 2 - 37
X • K ATE I, JOUKE N WO AR A W ASU DOU SI NO YOUHOU
1. Tanj u n n a jo uke n
[~ to ( と), … ]
[~ tar a ( たら), … ]
[~ na ra ( なら), … ]
Appendix 2 - 38
* Sonna ni i u na ra(云うなら ), hakkri sita konkyo wo simesite kure nai ka.
[~ ba ( ば), … ]
[~ tar a ( たら), … ]
[~ na ra ( なら), … ]
Appendix 2 - 39
karadade umaretai na.
* Watasi ga kimi ni k a wa re ru n ar a(代われるなら ), kimi no kurusimi wo
kawatte agetai. (jodusi no yourei)
[~ ba ( ば), … ]
* Wakai toki motto benkyou s ite i re ba (居れば ), ima goro konna kurou
ha sezu tomo yokatta rou.
* Zaisan ga a re ba(有れば ), kane de konna kurou ha si nai yo.
* Kono takarakuji ga ata re bab(当たれば ), shakkin ha mimi wo soroete
kaesi te yaru sa.
* Watasi ga daitouryou ni na re ba(なれば ), kokumin ha hitorinokorazu
siawase ni nari masu.
*****
Appendix 2 - 40
XI • G YAKU SET SU n o hy ou ge n de no do us i, j od ou si no yo u ho u
(Ge nz ai)
(Kako)
Appendix 2 - 41
2. Jijitsu ni nai k atei ni mot od zuk u gyak u sets u no hy ou gen
(Ge nz ai)
(Kako)
Appendix 2 - 42
XII • O NBIN (Dou si no go bi n o oto no he nka n o sik ata)
2 • On bi n n o kat ac hi
a) [ I-o n bi n(い-音便)]
(Josi "te" ni tsui te rei wo simesu. "Tari", "tara" ha, "te" no baai to onaji.
Mata jodousi "ta" ha moto ha "tari" datta no de, josi "tari" ni junji te oto
no henka wo suru.)
Appendix 2 - 43
b) [U-o n bin (う-音便)
c) [Sok u- on bi n]
Genkei de [-ts u(-つ)], [ -r u(- る)] , [-u(- う)] no gobi wo motsu dousi
ha, jouki no go ni tsudzuku baai, gobi ga [t-] (hiragana deha chiisana
<-tsu(-っ> wo kaku) to, oto ga hajikeru.
d) [Hats u-o n bi n]
Appendix 2 - 44
[Oto no uts ur ika wari n o keir o ] (Ika “te” ni tsunagaru rei wo ageru.)
[ "R" -U ]
[te(て)]
[tari (たり)]
Appendix 2 - 45
[tara (たら)]
* Kondo Mitsuko ni at tar a(会ったら), tama niha uchi nimo yoru you ni i t te
(云って).
* Ano hon mada hon'ya ni at tar a ( 有ったら)ii kedo na.
* Sonna koto aitsu ni it t ar a(云ったら), okoridasu zo
* Yot t ar a(酔ったら)saigo, yoitsubureru made noma kya ki ga suma nai nda
kara.
[ta(た)]
[ "R" -KU ]
[te(て)]
[tari (たり)]
Appendix 2 - 46
* Kono tobira ha, kantan ni ai t ari (開いたり) si nai.
* Watsi ha sonna koto it tar i(云ったり) si nai.
* Tegami wo ka i tar i(書いたり), e wo k ai ta ri(描いたり), awatadasii ichinichi
ga sugita.
* Kono atari deha mahuyu ni sakura ga sai ta ri (咲いたり)suru koto ha
madzu nai yo.
* Otoko no ko ha, konna koto gurai de, nai ta ri(泣いたり) si nai no da yo.
* Sakki kara pantsu wo hai t ari (穿いたり), nui dari site, nani siten da.
* Hatake wo tagayasi tari, tane wo mai t ari (蒔いたり) , ima jaa nouson no
seikatsu ni tokekonde iru yo.
* "Niku wo y ai tar i(焼いたり), yasai wo nitari, kazoku ga ooii to shuhu ha
isogasii.
* Konna tokoro ni onsenga wai t ari ( 湧いたり)ha si nai yo.
[tara (たら)]
[ta(た)]
Appendix 2 - 47
* Niku ha yai t a(焼いた) ka.
* Nani, ano mura ni onsen ga wai ta (湧いた) te k a.
[ "R" -TSU ]
[te(て)]
[tari (たり)]
[tara (たら)]
Appendix 2 - 48
* Hitori de sassa to ika nai de, 5 hun kurai, m at ta ra(待ったら) ii ja nai ka.
[ta(た)]
[ "R" -NU ]
* "Hito ga taoreteru zo." "Si n de(死んで)ru no ka." " Sin de(死んで)ru mitai
da na."
* "Kinou ha dou sita." "Batete ichinichijuu sinde(死んで)ta yo(☞ sinda you
ni nete ita).
* Sini te(死にて) hanami ga naru mono ka.
* Otoko no ini t e(往にて) haya mitose, hitoori no tayori tote tae tari.
Appendix 2 - 49
[da (だ)] (kotengo deha “ta ri ” ga tsukawareru)
[ "R" -MU ]
Appendix 2 - 50
* Aitsu to ku nd ari (組んだり) si tara, sigoto ga umaku ikanaku naru.
* Kono sigoto ha sonna ni hayaku sun d a ri(済んだり) ha sinai yo.
* Kowaremono dakara, kono hako no ue ni mono wo tsun d ari ( 積んだり)
sinaide kudasai.
* Kare no ie ga ton d ar i(富んだり) suru koto ha naka rou.
* Kodomo ga wain nado non d ari (呑んだり) site ha ike masen.
* Sabanna no tooku de inpaara ya kirin ga kusa ya kino ha wo ha n da ri (食
んだり)atari wo mimawasitari site iru noga mieta.
* Kyou ha, hun d ar i ( 踏ん だり) kettari (☞ warui koto dzukume no
sannzan na)hi datta.
* Enshou wo okosite imasu kara, koko ha mon d a ri ( 揉ん だり) sinai de
kudasai.
* Kyou ha ichinichi huttari y an da ri (止んだり) no otenki deshou.
* Kimi demo poluno (=polnography) wo yo nd ar i(読んだり) suru no.
Appendix 2 - 51
* Kore ha, hahaga a n da seetaa nanda.
* Kanojo ha saisi aru otoko no ko wo un d a .
* Kizuguchi ga un da . Shujutsu sinaito ike nai ka na.
* Inu ga k an da . Sugu isha ni ika nakyaa. Kyoukenbyou ni nattara, sinu zo.
* Kare ha nani yara hukuzatsu na proguramu wo k un da you da.
* Iyaa, douroga k on da . Koko made 10-jikan mo kakatta.
* Sore dake asondara, ki ga sun da rou.
* "Aa, non da , non d a. Yukai, yukai."
* Karera ha kougeki wo sikakete kore nai to hun d a.
* "Obaachan no kata m on d a." "Un, yorokonde ita yo."
* "Ame, ya n d a youda ne."
* "Kono hon mou y on d a."
* Tosigotoni gonin no ko wo um i tar i.
[ "R" -RU ]
[te(て)]
Appendix 2 - 52
* Kuruma ni not te (乗って), dekake you.
* Kabe ni kalahulu(=colorfull) na iro no nut te (塗って) aru ie ga, Joo san
no ie desu.
* Kono posutaa(=poster) wo hat te (貼って) kite kudasai.
* "Asoko de nani wo siterundarou." "Kaitei wo hot te (掘って), sekiyu wo
sagasiterunda."
* Saikoro wo hut te (振って), junban wo kime you.
* "Ittai nani y at te( やっ て)r unda." "Sawara nai de . Ima pazulu (=pazzle)
wo yat te ( やっ て) irunda kara."
* Kaeri ni uchi ni y ot te(寄って) it te kudasai.
* Tonari no galasu wo wat te(割って), hidoku donarareta.
* Mata aitsu, e ra but te(偉ぶって), kouhai ni sekkyou ka nanka siteru yo.
[tari (たり)]
Appendix 2 - 53
seijika no seijiseimei niha nanno eikyou mo nai. Minshushugi niha hodo
tooi na.
* Iro wo nut tari(塗ったり), hatsut tari(はつったり), gaka no sigoto ha
mite ite aki nai..
* Denchuu ni mudan de posutaa wo hattar(貼ったり)i sure ba, keihanzai de
basse rare masu.
* Niwa ni konna ooki na ana wo hot t ari (掘ったり) site, nani ga hajimaru
ndesu ka.
* Tondari, ha ne t ar i ( 跳 ね た り ) , hata wo hut tar i ( 振 っ た り ) ,
sakkaa(=succor) no ouen mo hade da na.
* Hutari ha purezento (=present) wo y at ta ri(やったり), morattari suru, ki
no oke nai aidagara da.
* Konna yohuke ni josei no heya ni yot ta ri (寄ったり) sure ba, aranu
uwasa no moto ni naru.
* Kono Cheko sei no kurisutalu-gulasu (=cristal glass) no kabin wo wat tar i
(割ったり) sure ba, oyaji ha sottou sichau yo. Eraku, kouka na mono
rasii kara ne.
* Ano sensei ha dare ni taisite mo era but ta ri (偉ぶったり) si nai.
[tara (たら)]
Appendix 2 - 54
mashou.
* Kono keikaku ha motto yoku net ta ra (練ったら), tsukaimono ni naru
yo.
* Hikouki ni not tar a(乗ったら), sugu anzen-beluto(=belt) wo simete
kudasai.
* Hei ni penki wo nut ta ra (塗ったら), kyou no sigoto ha owari da..
* Denchuu ni postaa wo hat ta ra (貼ったら), basse rareru yo.
* Kaitei wo hot tar a (掘ったら), sekiyu ga deru toha kagira nai."
* Migi ni kishu wo hut ta ra(振ったら), hikouki ha ikki ni koudo wo sageta.
* Nan demo yat ta ra(やったら), yarippanasi ha ike nai. O wat ta ra(終わ
ったら), seiri seiton wo si nasai.
* Uchi ni y ot tar a(寄ったら), hisasiburi ni yukkuri site ikou.
* Kono kabin wo wat ta ra (割ったら), tada deha suma nai yo.
Appendix 2 - 55
った)).
* "Ittai nani y atta (やった) nda." "Bokutachi nani mo yara nakatta yo."
* Kyou ha, kaeri ni haha no tokoro ni yot t a(寄った).
* Tonari no galasu wo wat t a(割った). Ojisan ga hidoku donat ta(怒鳴
った).
* Ano hito ha era but ta (偉ぶった) tokoro ga nai..
* Kotoshi ha niwa no kuri mo kaki mo tawawa ni minori t ari (実りたり).
* Sono otoko shuu ni sugureshi mo, onago yue ni, jinsei wo bou ni huri
tari (振りたり).
[ "R" -GU ]
Appendix 2 - 56
yo.
* Ima deha Tosio ni taisuru kanojo no kimochi mo y a wa rai d e(和らいで)
kita.
* Watasi no kimochi ha isasaka mo yurui d e(揺いで) ha inai, to kare ha
itta.
Appendix 2 - 57
* Sachi ga kurusigatte a ei d ara ( 喘 い だ ら ) , Shuuzou ha masumasu
kouhun sita.
* Sono hi ni kono umi de oy oi da ra (泳いだら), kaze wo hika nai sou da..
* Kasei d ar a(稼いだら) haha ni raku wo sasetai , to kanojo ha kuchiguse
no you ni itte i ta.
* Enryo ha ira nai. Huro nidemo haitte, yukkuri k utsuroi da ra (寛いだら)
ii.
* Nonde, sa wai d ar a (騒いだら), kibun mo sukkiri suru darou.
* Koko wo si noi d ar a(凌いだら), sukosi ha raku ni naru kamo sire nai.
* Kaze ni yanagi ga soy oi da ra ( そよいだら), ike no koi ga odoroite
haneta.
* Kono naihu wo t oi da ra (研いだら) yasunde ii.
* Kanojo ga Shuuzou no moto ni tot sui d ar a(嫁いだら), ie no shakkin ha
choukesi ni naru hazu datta.
* Sukina chounan no Inezou ga ie wo tsui d ar a (継いだら), madasimo
sukuwareta darou ni… to, Sachi ha omotta.
* Kaze ga sukkari na i d ar a(凪いだら), musiatsusa mo hitosio datta.
* Kimono wo nui da ra (脱いだら), Sachi no karada ha ,6-rei no kaiko no
you ni, sukitooru you ni sirokatta..
* "Huton wo hai d ar a (剥いだら), Shuuzou mo hadaka datta.
* Subete no dooro wo husai d a ra(塞いだら), hannin ha hukuro no nezumi
da, to keiji ha omotta.
* Umi wo m atai da r a(跨いだら), soko ha nangoku no sima datta.
* Niwasaki no sudachi wo m oi d ar a (捥いだら), atari ni suppai kaori ga
hirogatta.
* Kimochi ga y a warai d ar a(和らいだら), ai ni kuru ga ii, to Kazue ha itta.
* Kimochi ga y urui d ar ab( 揺い だら), make da to, kare ha itta.
Appendix 2 - 58
* Kanojo ha iyaiya Shuuzou no moto ni totsui da (嫁いだ).
* Miyake no ie deha, gakumon-kenkyuu no tame ni Amerika ni itta Inezou
ni kawatte, jinan no Shuuzou ga ie wo tsui da (継いだ).
* Kaze ha sukkari nai a d (凪いだ).
* Sachi ha, Shuuzou no meijiru mama ni, hajimete, otoko no mae de
kimono wo nui d a(脱いだ).
* Shuuzou ha, mizukara huton wo hai da (剥いだ).
* Subete no dooro ha husa i d a(塞いだ). Sikasi, hannin wo ageru koto ha
deki nakatta..
* Tsuribasi ha ima Seto no umi wo mat ai d a(跨いだ). Sikoku ga Honshuu
to musubareta isshun datta..
* Kore ha ima niwasaki de m oi d a(捥いだ) momo da. Oisii zo.
* Ima deha Tosio ni taisuru kanojo no kimochi mo sukkari y a wa rai da (和
らいだ).
* Kanojo no kimochi ha ooini yurai da (揺いだ).
[ "R" -BU ]
[te(て)/ de (で)]
Appendix 2 - 59
kanjirareru you ni natta.
* Gaikokugo wo m a na n d e(学んで), hajimete jibun no kuni no koto wo
kyakkanteki ni siru koto ga dekiru.
* "Naite iru no deha nai, tabako no kemuri ni muse n de(噎んで) iru noda",
to kare ha itta.
* Sono omoigakenai deai ga, hutari wo musun de (結んで) iku koto ni
narou toha, omowa nakatta .
* "Yorok on de ( 喜 ん で ) , propoozu(=propose) wo ouke simasu", to
kanojo ha kotaeta.
Appendix 2 - 60
sure ba, jibun no kuni no koto wo kyakkanteki ni miru you ni naru
* Namida ni muse n d ar i(噎んだり) site iru hima ha nai. Ikiru no ga sei
ippai nan da
* Te wo m us u nd ari (結んだり) hirai tari site, kodomotachi ga, wa ni
natte utatte ita.
* Yorokon dari(喜んだり), kanasindari, jinsei ha tayou da na.
Appendix 2 - 61
* Kanojo no kokoro ha hini hini susa n d a (荒んだ).
* Kotsubame tachi ha to nd a(飛んだ) you da na.
* Gyouretsu ni naran da (並んだ). Daga kekkyoku nani mo kae nakatta.
* Ano nimotsu wo kochira ni hakon d a (運んだ) noha, watasidomo desu
ga… .
* Ume no hana ga hok oron d a(ほころんだ). Mou haru da na.
* Kare ha 6-tsu no gaikokugo wo m anan da (学んだ).
* Tabako no kemuri ni m usen da (咽んだ).
* Kare no naganen no doryoku ga mi wo musun da (結んだ).
* Kare no siawase wo dare yori mo yorokon d a(喜んだ) noha, kare no
hahaoya datta.
** ** ** *
Appendix 2 - 62
DOUSI NO GO BI
1・DOU SI NO GOKE I
Nihongo no dousi no ippantekina gokei niha tsugi no you na mono ga aru. Koko de "R" ha
dousi no gokan (☞ Root) wo simesu.
Ono'ono ni tsuite, daihyoutekina dousi no rei wo agete aru.
Tsugi ni, gokei no henka no tokuchou ni oujita 5-tsu no kategorii (☞ category) ni tsuite,
daihyouteki na rei ga simesite aru. Nihongo no dousi ha, ato ni tsudzuku jodousi, josi,
meisi nado ni yotte sono bunchuu deno go no hataraki wo ataerare, sore ni sitagatte,
gokei no henka ga okoru. Mata ichibu no dousi deha, gokei no henka ni tomonai,
setsuzoku bubun no onsetsu no "oto" no henka mo okoru. Koko deha sorezore no
kategorii no dousi no daihyouteki na mono ni tsuite, kaki no youna daihyouteki na pataan
(☞ patern) ni sitagatte, reibun ga atae rarete iru.
a) jodousi "n ai(ない)" ni tsudzuku katachi: kore niha, jodousi "ser u(せる)
", "r er u (れ る )", "sa se ru ( さ せ る)", "ra re r u ( ら れ る )" nado mo
tsudzuku;
c) josi "te( て)", "ta( た)", "tari( たり)", "te ha( ては )", te mo( ても)" nado
ni tsudzuku katachi [b) no katachi to onaji]: kono katachi deha, onbin (☞
gobi no oto no henka) wo tomonau;
Appendix 3-1
DOUSI NO GO BI
h) meirei no katachi;
[Kono katachi ha genzai no nichijou-seikatsu deha yohodo sitasii aidagara
de nai to tsukaware nai, ranbou na hyougen to kangae rarete iru. Kono
katachi ni kawatte, meireikei deha josi "te(て)" ("kudasai(ください)" ga
shouryaku sarete iru) wo tsukatta “irai” (☞ tanomi) no katachi ya, dousi
"nasaru(なさる)" ("suru(する)" no teinei na katachi) no meireikei "na sa i
(なさい)" wo jodousiteki na katachi de tsukatte arawasu noga hutsuu de
aru.]
*******
Appendix 3-2
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[ "R" -U ]
A- u: ( 会う).
* Kyou Ginza de Hiromi to a u ( 会 う ).
* Kono huku ha watasi niha a wa ( 合 わ ) nai .
So- u: ( 沿 う ) ;(添う)
* Kimi no suru koto ha dou mo watasi no kimochi ni s o wa ( 沿 わ ) nai .
* Sonoe ha itsumo kage no youni otto ni sotte(添って) ikite kita.
Har a- u :( 払う)
* Asita shakkin wo zenbu ha ra u ( 払 う ) yo.
Nu-u : ( 縫う).
* Kanojo ha itsumo jibun de suutsu wo n u u ( 縫 う ).
Ma- u: ( 舞う) .
* Konoha ga akikaze ni m a u ( 舞う) .
[ R -ER U ]
Kaka- er u: (抱える)
* Sono ko ha jibun yori ooki na inu wo kak a e (抱え)te aruite ita.
Ki-er u: ( 消える)
* Hi ga ki e ru (消える) to, atari ha sizuka ni natta.
Appendix 3-3
DOUSI NO GO BI
Kiko-e r u: (聞こえる)
* Tooku de kane no ne ga ki k oe ( 聞こえ) te ita.
Ko-e ru : (越える);(肥える)
* Kono touge wo ko eru (越える) to, mukou ha umi da.
* “Ten takaku uma ko eru (肥える)aki …, to iu kara na, sugasugashii aki ni ha
shokuyoku mo masu.
Sa sa- er u: (支える)
* Kanojo ga ikka no seikatsu wo sa sa e (支え) te iru.
So- er u: (添える)
* Hanataba ni tegami wo soe r u(添える).
Ta-e ru:
* Konnan ni ta eru (堪える)no niha nareta.
* Semi no koe mo ta e (絶え)te , youyaku aki rasiku natte kita.
Tato- er u: (喩える)
* Hana ni t ato e ru (喩える)to, kanojo ha ayame da.
Ni- er u: (煮える)
* Kono niku ha mada yoku ni e (煮え)te inai.
Ho-e ru : (吠える)
* Yamaoku de ookami ga h o e ru (吠える) .
Appendix 3-4
DOUSI NO GO BI
Hu-e ru :(増える)
* Omosiroi you ni zaisan ga hu er u (増 える ).
Mi-e ru :(見える)
* Kon'ya ha gesshoku ga mi er u (見 える )hazu da.
[ "R" -KU ]
Ar u-k u: (歩く)
* Hae ba tate, tate ba a ru k e (歩け)no oyagokoro. [Kotowaza]
* Tate ba shakuyaku, suware ba botan, ar u k u (歩く)sugata ha yuri no hana.
(Utsukushii josei no sugata wo hana ni tatoeta senryuu)
I-ku: (行く);(逝く)
* Watasi ga i ku (行く)made matte ite.
* I ke (行け)domo ike (行け)domo hateshi nai kouya ga hirogatte ita.
* Ume ga chirahora to sakisomeru koro, haha ha itta(逝った).
O-ku: (置く)
* Telebi ha doko ni oku (置く)no.
* Zashiki ni konna kitanai mono wo o k a (置か) nai de.
Appendix 3-5
DOUSI NO GO BI
Si-k u: (敷く)
* Douzo zabuton wo siite(敷いて) kudasai.
* Hanre ni toko siki(敷き) masita node, sochira de oyasumi kudasai.
To-ku : ( 解 く );(梳く)
* Jiken no nazo wo tok u( 解 く ) .
* Sono ato kami wo t oku (梳く) to, ke ga bassari to nuketa.
Appendix 3-6
DOUSI NO GO BI
No-ku: (退く)
* Abunai kara, waki ni n oite(退いて) inasai.
Nu-ku: ( 抜く)
* Goolu sunzen de n uku( 抜く) .
* Kyou musiba wo 2-hon nuk u .
Appendix 3-7
DOUSI NO GO BI
Yu -ku: ( 往く) ;
* Kono natsu niha Kanada ni y uku( 往く).
[ "R" -KERU ]
Appendix 3-8
DOUSI NO GO BI
Sa-k er u: (透ける);(助ける)
* Kinu no shootsu no usui kidzi wo tooshite, kanojo no chibu ga s ukete (透
けて)miete ita. Otoko ha sore wo mite ikki ni yokujou sita.
* Kimii, te ga sui tara, Yamada kun no shigoto wo s ukete (助けて) kure nai
ka.
Nu-ker u: (抜ける)
* Koko no tokoro ha nani ka bunshou ga n uke te (抜けて)iru no jaa nai ka.
Ma-ke ru : (負ける);(敗ける)
* Kimi no gouinsa niha m ake ru (負ける)yo.
* Kono nedan, sukosi m akete(負けて) kure nai.
* Sessen no sue ni waga chiimu ha maket a(敗けた).
Ya -ker u: (焼ける);
* Kodomo tachi ha hi ni y akete(焼けて), makkuro ni natte kaette kita.
* Kimi tachi amari naka ga ii node, y ake ru (妬ける) yo.
Yo -ker u: ( 除ける)
* Tsukkonde kita taikousha wo y oke( 除 け ) you to site, gakesita ni ochita.
Appendix 3-9
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[ "R" -SU ]
Ka-s u: (貸す)
* Kono hon sibaraku ka si te (貸して)kure nai ka.
Ko-s u: (越す)
* Kiken ha yama wo ko sita(越した).
* Cha wo k o site(濾して) nomu.
Seka -s u: ( 急かす)
* Sonna ni seka s a( 急か さ ) naku temo, yukkuri ma ni au yo.
Sa ga -s u: (探す)
* "Kanojo tachi ha nai wo sa gasi te( 探 し て ) iru nda." "Kontakuto ( ☞
contactolens) wo otosi tan datte."
Ta-s u: (足す)
* Karai kara sukosi yu wo ta si te (足して)kudasai.
Na -s u: (為す)
* Suru koto na s u (為す)koto umaku ika nai.
Appendix 3-10
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Ni ga -s u: (逃がす)
* Ni ga si ta(逃がした) sakana ha ookii. [Kotowaza]
Huya -s u: ( 増やす)
* Sintaku-tousi de zaisan wo h uya s u(増やす).
Mu- su : (蒸す);(生す)
* Jagaimo wo m usi te (蒸して)tabe you.
* Niwa no isi ni koke ga mu site(生して), huzei ga dete kita.
Yo -s u: (止す)
* Yo se (止せ)ba ii noni, yama ni itte, sounan sita.
[ "R" -SE RU ]
Uka-s er u: (浮かせる)
* Kanojo ha, suwaru ma mo naku, kosi wo uk as ete(浮かせて), kaerou to
sita.
* Kongetsu ha 1-man en uka se ta(浮かせた).
Appendix 3-11
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Mi-s er u: (見せる);(魅せる)
* Soko no aoi suutsu wo m ise te(見せる) kudasai.
* Kanojo no hitogara ni mis e(魅せ) rare ta no da to…
[ "R" -TERU ]
Su -ter u: (捨てる)
* Huruku natta kara to itte, nan demo s ute ru( 捨てる) koto ha nai yo.
* Sute r u(捨てる) kami are ba, hirou kami ari. [Nihon no kotowaza]
Mo-te ru : (持てる)
* "Kimi, sonna ni takusan no nimotsu m ote ru (持てる) no ka."
* Naze aitsu ga onna ni m oter u (もてる) no ka, husigi da.
Appendix 3-12
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[ "R" -TSU ]
Ka-ts u: (勝つ)
* Itsuka kanarazu chanpion(☞ champion) ni k ats u(勝つ) tsumori da.
Ta-ts u: (立つ);(建つ);(経つ);(発つ);(絶つ);(裁つ)
* Hara ga tats u (立つ) naa, aitsu no yarikata.
* Asita NyuuYooku(☞ NewYork) ni mukete tat su (発つ).
* Toki ga tate (経て) ba, tsurai koto kanasii koto mo wasureru yo.
* Koko ni kousou manshon ga tatsu(建つ) rasii.
* Yasuyo ha otoko to no kankei wo t atte(絶って), Amerika ni ijuu shita.
* Wasai deha sukoshi mo muda naku kiji wo tat su (裁つ).
Ma-ts u: (待つ)
* Mate (待て)ba ka ir o no hiyori ari.[Nippon no kingen]
Bu-ts u: ( 打つ)
* Riyuu mo naku kodomo wo but su( 打つ) nan te, saitei da.
[ "R" -NU ]
I-n u: (往ぬ)
* Osoku natta node, mou i ni (往に)masu…to itte, Sato ha koshi wo ageta.
Appendix 3-13
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[ "R" -NE RU ]
Su -n er u: (拗ねる)
* Kono ko ha ki ni ira naito sugu s u ne ru (拗ねる)nda karaa…
Go- ne r u: (ごねる)
* Go ne re (ごねれ) ba ooku hoshou site moraeru to omotte runda, aitsura。
[ "R" -MU ]
A- mu: (編む)
* Kaasan ga yonabe wo site, tebukuro wo a nde(編んで) kure ta yo.
* Tsugi ha ukiyoe zenshuu wo a m o u(編もう).
I-m u: (忌む)
* Toki ha hukou’tsudzuki no ie wo imi(忌み), kessite jikka ni modora nakatta.
Ka-m u: (噛む);(嚼む)、(咬む);(擤む)
* Yoku ka nde(噛んで) tabe nasai.
* Hana wo ka m u (擤む)kara , tisshuu (☞ tissue paper) wo totte.
* Sohu ha yama de kuma ni ka m a(咬ま) rete shinda.
Appendix 3-14
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Su s u-m u: (進む)
* Tenkou ga waruku kore yori ue niha s us u me(進め) nai: koko de bibaaku
(☞ bivouac) da.
Tsu -m u: (積む);(摘む);(詰む)
* Kodomo to tsumiki wo t su nde(積んで) asobu.
* Kono chesu (☞ chess) ha t su ma (詰ま) nai yo.
* No ni asobi, hana wo tsunde(摘んで) shouyousu; kokochi yoki kana, haru.
No-m u: (飲む);(呑む)
* Keiryuu no mizu wo n o mu (飲む). Umai.
* Tomodachi to no m u(呑む) sake ga ichiban umai.
Appendix 3-15
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Mo- mu : (揉む)
* Haha no kata wo m o mu (揉む).
* Yakimoki to ki wo m onde(揉んで) mo syou ga nai. Sukosi ochitsuki nasai.
* Dore icchou m o nde(揉んで) yarou. (☞ keiko wo tsukete yarou.)
Ya -m u: (止む);(病む)
* Ame ga y am u (止む) made koko de matou.
* Sonna ni ki wo y a mu (病む) noha karada ni yoku nai.
Yo -m u: (読む)
* Yoru osoku made shousetsu wo y om u (読む).
* Aite no kokoro wo yomi(読み)., sono tsugi no ugoki wo yomu(読む)..
[ "R" -MER U ]
U-me r u: (埋める)
* Kono chizu no dokoka ni takaramono ga um ete(埋めて) aru nda sou da.
Uzu -m er u: (埋める)
* Tori ha tsubasa no aida ni atama wo u zu me te (埋めて)nemuru.
Ki-me r u: (決める)
* Asu made ni dou suru ka ki me te(決める) kudasai.
Appendix 3-16
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Siz u- me ru : (沈める);(静める)
* Teki ha hune wo s iz um ete(沈めて), kouro wo husaida.
* Kokoro wo s iz um ete(静めて), matsu sika nai.
Su s u-m er u: (進める);(奨める)、(勧める)
* Hanasi wo saki ni s us u me (進め) mashou.
* Sensei ga kono hon wo su s um e(奨め)te kureta.
* Bappon’tekina kouzou’kaikaku wo okonau you s u s um er u(勧める).
Se- me ru : (攻める);(責める)
* Asu ha uyoku no teki wo se me ru (攻める).
* Sonna ni jibun wo se me ru (責める) na . Dare ni demo sippai ha aru.
So- m er u: (染める);(初める)
* Kono machi ha ai’iro ni so m e(染め)ta kimono’dzi de hiroku sira reru
* Kanojo ha juusan no toshi ni koi wo siri some(初め)ta.
Appendix 3-17
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Na -m er u: (舐める)
* Ame wo n am er u(舐める).
* Na me r u(舐める) youni site, kodomo wo kawaigatta.
* Na me (舐め) te ha ike nai. Ano hito ha okoru to kowai.
Nu-m er u: (滑める)
* Unagi ha karada ga n um er u(滑める) kara, naka naka tsukamae rare nai.
No-m er u: (のめる)
* Otoko ha n om ette(のめって) koronda hyousi ni atama wo utte sinda.
Ha-m er u: (嵌める);(填める)
* Madowaku ni garasu wo h a mer u (嵌める) to, sagyou ha owari da.
* Manma to aitsu ni ha me (填め) rareta you da na.
Hi-me r u: (秘める)
* Tousi wo him ete(秘めて), siai ni nozomu.
Moto -m er u: (求める)
* Tonari no kuni kara saigai no enjo wo mot om e(求め)te kita.
* “Oya ga shinde, hatarakite ga naku nari, shakkin ga kaese naku natta” to iu
to, Tae ha kane’kashi no Saburi kara karada wo m o tome (求め)rare ta.
Ya -m er u: (辞める);(止める)
* Kimi kasha wo y am er u(辞める) ndatte.
* “Iya, y am e (止め)te …,sonna koto si nai de” Tomi ha buchou no te wo
haratte nige you to sita.
Appendix 3-18
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
* Adzuchijou mo yu( 燃 ゆ ) .
* Hakobera no m oy ur u( 萌 ゆる ) koro, Miyo-chan ha itta.
* Are ni miy u ru( 見 ゆる ) ha Higaki-bune ja naika, maru ni juunoji no hoga
miy ur u( 見 ゆる ) .
[ "R" -RU ]
A-r u: (ある)
* Kore ha doko ni demo a ru you na sinamono deha nai.
I-r u: (居る);(要る);(鋳る);(射る);(炒る);(煎る);(入る)
* Kono huruhon mada i r u(要る) no kai. Iya, i r a(要ら) nai.
* Ikite i r u(居る) noka sinde i ru (居る) noka wakaran otokoda na, aitsu ha.
* Mame wo itte (炒って) tabe you.
* Cha ha itte(煎って) hakkou sase nai to umaku nara nai.
* Gorouta ga ya wo ir u (射 る) to, ya ha tekigata no taishou no kubi wo
tsuranuita.
* Sono koujou deha tetsu wo i te(鋳 て) tsukutta buhin wo kakou site ita.
* Edo no minato ha iru(入る) hune deru hune de taisou nigiwatte ita.
U-r u: (売る);(得る)
* Musume tachi ha hajimeni yogoreta shitagi wo u ri(売り), yagate nanno
teikou mo naku karada wo ur u(売る) youni natte iku no ga jitsujou datta.
* Sono keikaku kara ha kekkyoku nanra u ru (得る) mono ga shouji nakatta.
E-r u: (得る);(選る)
* Sono jouken de ha wagasha no er u(得る) mono ha nani mo nai.
* Niwasaki de ha ringo no tsubu wo eri ’soroete(選り’揃えて), hakodzume ni
site ita.
Appendix 3-19
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
O-ru : (折る);(織る)
* Koronde hone wo o ru (折る). Saitei da.
* Sanbadzuru wo otte (折って), byouki no ko ni okuru.
* Hata wo ayatsutte tsumugi wo oru(織る) no ha onna no sagyou datta.
Ki-r u: (切る);(着る);(斬る);(伐る)
* Naihu de yubi wo ki ru (切る).
* Hatsue ha, atarasii suutsu wo ki ru (着る) toki, itsumo ki ga wakuwaku suru.
* “Yami wo ki ru (斬る)”….sonna eiga ga atta you na ki ga suru na.
* Yama de ki wo ki ru (伐る) sigoto ha, souzou ijou ni juuroudou datta.
Ke-r u: (蹴る)
* Sakkaa (☞ succar) ha boolu wo ke ru (蹴る) supootsu da.
Ko-r u: (凝る)
* Ano otoko ha nanigoto nimo k o ru (凝る) tachi da.
Sa- r u; (去る)
* Sa ru (去る) mono ha owa zu. [Kakugen]
Appendix 3-20
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Su -r u: (為る);(刷る);(擦る);(する);(磨る);(摺る)
* Nani wo s ur u(為る) nimo hajime ga kanjin. [Kakugen]
* Sinbun wo su ru (刷る).
* Yare utsu na, hae ga te wo s ur u(擦る) asi wo s ur u (擦る). [Issa no haiku]
* Machinaka de saihu wo su ra (すら) reta.
* Garasu wo s u ri(磨り), lenzu wo tsukuru.
* Kidzi ni gara wo su r u(摺る) no ha komakaku hone no oreru sagyou da.
So- r u: (反る);(剃る)
* Hi ni atatte, ita ga sotte(反って) simatta.
* Maiasa hige wo s o ru (剃る) no ha mendou na koto da.
Ta-r u: (足る)
* Michiyo ha seikatuhi ga tar a(足ら) zu, haru wo hisaida.
Chi -r u: (散る)
* Sakura ha ikki ni saite, sugu ch ir u(散る).
Tom o- ru : (灯る)
* Tooku no ie no hi ga to mo r u(灯る) koro, youyaku mura no hazure ni
tadori’tsuita.
To-r u: (取る);(執る);(獲る);(採る);(盗る);(録る);(摂る);(撮る);(捕る)
* Sinbun wo totte (取って) kite choudai.
Appendix 3-21
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Na -r u: (成る);(鳴る)
* Ookiku natt ara, nani ni n ari (成り) tai no.
* Kono ki ha mi no na r u(成る) ki desu.
* Oka no ue no kyoukai no kane ga naru(鳴る) to, hitobito ga atsumatte kita.
Ni- ru : (似る);(煮る)
* Ko ha oya ni ni r u(似る). Daga, hatsu go ha oya ni ni(似 )nai … to mo iu.
* Lentan ya mametan de mame wo nir u (煮る) to oisiku nieru.
Nu-r u: (塗る)
* Sitae ni iro wo n ur u (塗る).
* Kimi no sita koto ha oya no kao ni doro wo nu ru (塗る) koui da.
Ne- r u: (練る);(寝る)
* Kangae wo yoku n er u(練る).
* Itsu mo 11-ji niha n er u(寝る) youni site iru.
No-r u: (乗る);(載る)
* Kougen de uma ni n or u (乗る) noha tanosii.
* Sono hanasi ha itsu datta ka shinbun ni n otte(載って) ita na.
Ha-r u: (貼る);(張る)
* Kitte wo ha ra (貼ら) nai to modotte kuru yo..
* Kanojo ha otoko no hoho wo h atte(張って), kakedasite itta.
Hi-r u: (干る)、(乾る);(放る)
* Kotosi ha kawa mo h ir u(乾る) hodo hidoi kanbatsu datta.
* Meusi ha marude h ir u(放る) youni site, kousi wo unda.
Hu-r u: (降る);(振る)
* Kyou ha shuujitsu ame ga h u ru (降る).
Appendix 3-22
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
He-r u: (減る);(経る)
* Mi temo h er u mono jaa nai. Enryo naku mite ittte okure.
*
Ho-r u: (掘る);(彫る)
* Tonnelu (☞ tunnel) wo ho r u.
*
Ya -r u: (遣る);(殺る)
* Tanonda sigoto ha mou y atte(遣) kureta noka.
* “Yatsu ha mezawari da, y ar e(殺れ)…”,to bosu ha meijita.
Ya se- r u: (痩せる)
* Kimi, saikin hidoku y a se ta(痩せた) mitai da kedo, doko ka warui no ka.
Yo -r u: (選る);(寄る);(拠る)/(依る);(因る) /(縁る);(撚る)
* Suki na mono wo y or i(選り) nasai.
* Kaeri ni kimi no uchi ni y or u(寄る) yo.
* Yot te(依って), hikoku ha hou ni y o ru (拠る) sabaki wo uke nakere ba nara
nai.
Appendix 3-23
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Wa -r u: (割る)
* Tootalu (☞ total) wo kosuu de wa ru(割る) to souka-heikin no atai ga
deru.
[ "R" -RE RU ]
Uka-r er u: (浮かれる)
* Daigaku ni ukatta kara to itte, uk ar ete(浮かれて) bakari mo irare nai.
U-re r u: (売れる);(熟れる)
* Kono hon ha amari ur e(売れ) nai yo.
* Niwa no kaki mo mou ur er u(熟れる) koro da.
Ka-r er u: (枯れる);(涸れる)
* Kusaki mo k are ( 枯 れ ), musi no koe mo tae te, noyama ha sukkari
huyujitaku da.
* Ran’myaku na seikatsu ga sono gaka no sainou wo kare (涸れ) saseta.
Ku-r er u: (呉れる);(暮れる)
* Kono nekutai ha Suzanna ga k ur e(呉れ)ta nda.
* Higa k u re(暮れ)tara , kyuu ni samuku natte kita.
* Totsuzen otto ni sinare, kanojo ha yonin no osanago wo kakaete tohou ni
kure (暮れ)ta .
Ku bi-r er u: (括れる)
* Sono onna ha hosoku ku bi re ta(括れた) kosi wo kojisuru youni kunera sete
aruite ita.
Appendix 3-24
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Sa bi- re ru : (寂れる)
* Kono tankou no machi mo ima deha sukkari sa bi re te(寂れて) sima tta.
[ "R" -GU ]
Ko- gu : (漕ぐ)
* Booto (☞ boat) wo koide(漕いで), mukai no kojima ni wataru.
Appendix 3-25
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
To- gu : (研ぐ)
* Ookami ha kiba wo t oide(研いで), Akazukin-chan wo machi masita.
Na -gu: (凪ぐ);(薙ぐ)
* Umi kara no kaze ga na gu (凪ぐ) to, atari ha kyuu ni musiatsuku natta.
* Omatsu ha naginata wo huri’mawasi te sono oootoko wo n a gi ’taosita(薙
ぎたおした).
[ "R" -GE RU ]
Kaka- ge r u: (掲げる)
* Ima deha, k aka ge ta(掲 げ た) shakaishugi no suloogan (☞ slogan) mo
sukkari iroasete simatta.
Appendix 3-26
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Na -ger u: (投げる)
* Kare ha jinsei wo sukkari n agete(投げて) simatta mitai da.
Ni- ge r u: (逃げる)
* Otoko ha ni ge ru ( 逃 げ る ) Sae no te wo hiki’yosete kanojo wo
daki’sukumeta.
Mo- ge ru : (捥げる)
* Hina ningyou no atama ga m ogeta(捥げた)…,to itte, Sonoko ha naita.
Ya war a- ge ru : (和らげる)
* Kanojo niha kinchou sita kuuki wo y a wa ra ge r u(和らげる) sainou ga aru.
* Kitanai yaji ni isshun kibun wo gaisita yousu datta ga, shushou ha hyoujou
wo ya war agete(和らげて) enzetsu wo tsudzuketa.
Appendix 3-27
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[ "R" -BU ]
As o- bu: (遊ぶ)
* Natsu, Siga no yama ni as o bu (遊ぶ).
* Ano otoko ha itsumo hito no kokoro wo mote’as o bu (もて遊 ぶ ) iyana
yatsu da.
To- bu : (飛ぶ);(翔ぶ);(跳ぶ)
* Oozora wo tobu yume wo mita.
* Aki mo hukamari, kari ga kita he mukatte to bu ( 翔 ぶ ) to, mura ha
huyujitaku da.
* Touta ga genkan ni hairu to, Kumi ha to nde( 跳 ん で ) dete kubi ni
daki’tsuita.
Na ra -bu: (並ぶ)
* Yokotsuna ha na ra bu mono no nai tsuyosa de renpa sita.
Appendix 3-28
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[ "R" -BERU ]
Sir a- be ru : (調べる);(檢べる)
* Kimi, kono seihinha kono nedan de saisan ga toreru ka dou ka sikyuu
sir a bete(調べて) kure tamae
* Kuukou de kibisiku nimotsu wo s ir a be(檢べ) rareta.
Su -ber u: (統べる)
* Kare ni ha hito wo s uber u(統べる) rikiryou ga tari nai.
Appendix 3-29
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[Rei]
[a u (会う;合う;逢う;遇う;遭う)]
Appendix 3-30
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[a mu (編む)]
a) Seetaa ha am a(編ま)na i .
Seetaa wo a ma re (編まれ)masu ka. (teinei na hyougen)
Seetaa wo a ma se (編ませ)tara , kanojo no migi ni deru mono ha inai.
b) Anata no seetaa ha raishuu am i(編み)ma su .
Seetaa wo a mi(編み)ni koujou he itte iru.
Kono seetaa ami (編み)ha sita kedo sukosi ooki sugita.
Kore wo a mi (編み)koso sita mono no, ichido mo sode wo toosite inai.
Nan demo a mi(編み)sae sure ba, ii no da.
Kondo ha kono gara no seetaa wo a mi tai (編みたい).
Kibun'ya dakara ne…watasi no tanonda seetaa ha nakanaka a mi (編み) sou
ni nai.
Seetaa wo a mi(編み)nagara , oshaberi suru noga tanosii mitai da.
c) Seetaa wo a nd e(編んで), ano hito ni ageru nda.
Kongetsu ha seetaa wo 2 mai an da (編んだ).
Seetaa wo a n d ar i (編んだり). suru toha, kanojo no igaina ichimen da na.
Appendix 3-31
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[a ru (有る;在る)]
Appendix 3-32
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[kaku (;掻く;欠く;描く)](書く)
Appendix 3-33
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[s aku (咲く)]
Appendix 3-34
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
dekiru ka na.
Amari hayaku s aka( 咲か) re temo komaru.
b) Sakura ha 4 gatsu niha s aki( 咲き) masu yo.
Sakura ha s aki( 咲き) ha sitemo, sugu chiru kara na…
Ano hito ha sakura ga saki( 咲き) sae sure ba, yorokonde iru nda.
Sakura ni datte s aki( 咲き) tai toki to yuu mono ga arun jaa nai no.
Sakura ha mou sugu s aki(咲き) sou desu yo.
Sakura ha s aki( 咲き) nagara chiru ndesu ne.
c) sai ( 咲 い) te, patto chiru: sore de, sakura ha, isagiyosa no daimeisi ni
natte iru.
Aa, yatto sakura ga s ai( 咲い) ta .
Sakura ha huyu ni sa i(咲い) tari si nai to omou na.
Chirahora s ai( 咲い) teha iru ga, mada 2-3 bu ttee tokoro da.
Sakaura ha s ai( 咲い) temo, sugu chiru.
d) Sakura ga s aku( 咲く) to, mou sukkari haru da.
Sakura ha, s aku( 咲く) ga hayai ka, sugu chiru.
Ueno no sakura ha raishuu niha s aku( 咲く) yo.
Sou, ato isshuukan mo sure ba s aku( 咲く) ne.
Nani mo, ima s aku( 咲く) ka , ima s aku( 咲く) ka , to machiwabiru koto mo
nai jaa nai ka.
Itsu s aku( 咲く) no, uchi no sakura.
Mou sugu s aku( 咲く) kara ne.
e) Sakura ha s aku toki mo patteo s aku( 咲く).
Sakura ga s aku( 咲く) koro ni, kochira ni kuru to ii.
f) Sakura ha s ake( 咲け) ba, sugu chiru.
Sakura ga s ai( 咲い) tara , hanami ni ikou.
g) Sakura ha "saa, sak o u( 咲こう) " to omotte s aku( 咲く) wake jaa nai.
h) Sakura yo, hayaku s ai(咲) te.
Sakura yo, hayaku s ake(咲け) .
[to bu (飛ぶ;跳ぶ;翔ぶ)]
Appendix 3-35
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Kono guruupu niha 2 onsetu no gobi wo motsu dousi to, 1 onsetsu no gobi wo
motsu ichibu no dousi ga hairu.
Kono guruupu no dousi no tokuchou ha, kihonkei ga subete [-ru] no onsetsu
de owari, sono mae ni [i] no oto wo hukumu onsetsu, sunawachi { [i((い)), [ki
(き)], [si(し)], [chi(ち)], [ni(に)], [mi(み)] nado] ga kite iru koto de
aru. Koko deha, "iru(いる)", "okiru(おきる)", "kiru(きる)" to "miru(みる)" ni
tsuite gobi no henka wo simesu. Kono guruupu ni hairu dousi ha amari ooku
nai.
Appendix 3-36
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[Rei]
[ir u (居る;入る;要る;鋳る;射る;煎る;炒る)
Appendix 3-37
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[要る](要った)
a) Kono kaisha niha anata no youna jinzai ha Ira( 要 ら ) nai.
b) Demo kawari no hito ga mitsukaru made ha i ri( 要り) masu.
Tama ni i ri( 要り) ha site mo, jou’yatoi ni suru wake ni ha ika nai no desu.
Motto hinpan ni i ri(要り) sae sure ba, jou’yatoi ni mo dekiru no desu ga
nee.
Koko deha anata no youna jinzai ha amari i ri( 要り) sou ni nai.
Watasi no youna jinzai ga ir i(要り) nagara , mattaku ki ga tsuka nai to iu
koto ha nai no desu ka.
c) Sore ha koko ni itte(要って)mo, are ha koko ni ha i ri(要り) masen.
It ta(要った), it ta( 要った) . Yappari, koko nimo it ta (要った) yo.
Konna tokoro ni mo it tari ( 要ったり) site , yoku sirabe nai to wakara nai
mono da.
Sonna mono ga itsu mademo itte(要って) ha dame da na.
Itsu mademo koko ni it te(要って) mo, hokyuu no siyou ga nai.
d) Soko ni i r u(要る) to, hitotsu kazu ga tarinaku nari souda yo.
Koko ni mo mou hitotsu i ru( 要る) ga , dou suru ne.
Are maa koko ni mo ir u(要る) yo.
Koko ni mo ir u( 要る) ne.
Sou ka, sonnani ir u( 要る) ka . Sore de, zenbu de ikutsu i ru( 要る) no.
Yappari anata ha waga sha ni i ru( 要る) kara , doko nimo ika nai de.
e) Watasi ga ir u( 要る) toki ha, itsu demo itte kudasai…tsugou tsuke masu
kara.
Yappari anata ha waga sha ni i ru( 要る) hito datta yo.
f) Hitsuyou na hito ga hitori i re( 要れ) ba , hoka ni ha dare mo ira nai.
Sonna ni takusan no onaji jinzai ga it tara(要ったら) , kaette komaru yo.
Watasi ga ir u( 要る) nara, jouyatoi ni saiyou site kudasai.
Appendix 3-38
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[kir u (着る;切る;斬る;伐る)]
[着る]
a) Kyou ha, kono huku ha ki nai (着 ない).
Kodomo ni huku wo ki sase(着 させ)nai to…
Hitori de ki ra reru(着られる) ndarou.
b) Ano ko ha hitori de ki masu(着 ます) yo.
Demo, ki ha(着 は) site mo, mada kichitto deki nai no yo. Ki sae (着 さえ)
sure ba ii tte, kanji nan dakara…
Ki tai (着 たい) you ni k i sase (着 させ)te oke ba ii ja nai ka.
Mou sorosoro chanto hitori de k i sou(着 そう) ni omou nda kedo nee…
Jibun de ki nagara(着 ながら), umaku ika nai to, hito no sei ni surun da yo.
c) Saa, hayaku huku wo ki te (着 て), kao wo aratte, sassa to sitaku si nasai.
Watasi mou huku wo ki ta(着 た) yo.
Appendix 3-39
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Chanto ki ta ne. Uragaesi ni ki tar i(着 たり) site nai kai. Hora, konna huu
ni ki teha(着 ては) dame deshou.
Kou ki te m o(着 ても) ii nda mon.
d) Konna huu ni kir u (着る) to, warawareru no yo.
Kore jaa, "kir u (着る)" ga " kir a(着ら)reru" da wa. Motto chanto ki ru (着
る)yo. Asita kara, chanto ki r u(着る)ne .
Sou ka, asita kara hitori de chanto kir u(着る)ka .
Un, asita kara hitori de chanto ki ru (着る)no. Hitori de chanto ki ru (着る)
kara, daijoubu yo.
e) Huku wo k ir u(着る)toki ha, mada tetsudatte moratta hou ga ii nja nai ka.
Uuun, Yukko hitoride ki ru (着る)tsumori da yo.
Yukko ga hitori de ki re(着れ)ba , kaasan ga tasukaru yo.
Yukko ga hitori de huku wo ki tara (着 たら), okaasan ga tasukaru no.
Sou. Omae ga hitori de kimono wo ki ru (着る)nara ne.
Jaa, watasi kitto hitori de kiy o u (着よう).
Saa, ii kara, kore wo kit e(着 て). Sosite uwagi wo k i nasai (着 なさい).
“Mou gakkou ni agatta no dakara kimono gurai ha hitori de chanto kiy o(着
よ)” to otousan ha itteru yo.
Mada chiisai kara "chanto kir o (着 ろ )" to ittemo, nakanaka umaku ha
kira reru(着られる) mon jaa nai sa.
Hiete mairi masita, Himesama. Uchikake nato ki mase(着 ませ).
[切る]
a) Ima ha katana de hito ha kir a(切ら)nai .
Konna namakurana katana deha hito ha kire (切れ)nai yo.
Katana de hito wo ki ra se (切らせ) tari sitara tsumi ni naru nda yo.
Akkan nara kira nai to hantai ni ki ra (切ら)re ru darou.
b) Ano ko nara sonna toki ni ha gyaku ni aite wo ki ri (切り)masu yo.
Demo, ki ri(切り)ha site mo, mada sore hodo hukade ha owase rare nai yo.
Kiri (切り)sae sure ba ii tte, kanji nan dakara…
Sakana ya niku nara kiri (切り)tai you ni ki ra (切ら)sete oke ba ii ja nai ka.
Katana wo motase tari sitara hito datte ki ri (切り)sou ni omou nda kedo
nee… Jibun de kir i(切り)nagara , hito no sei ni sitari surun desu yo.
c) Saa, hayaku niku wo kit te (切 って), nabe wo aratte, sassa to sitaku si
nasai.
Watasi mou niku wo kit ta(切った)yo.
Chanto kit ta (切 っ た)ne. Kawa goto kit tari(切 っ たり)site nai kai. Hora,
konna huu ni kit te(切って)ha dame deshou.
Kou kit temo(切っても)ii nda mon.
Appendix 3-40
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
d) Konna huu ni niku wo kir u(切る)to, oisiku nasa sou ni mieru no yo.
Kore jaa, "kir u (切る)" ga kiite akireru yo. Motto kir i(切り)kata wo renshuu
site, asita kara, chanto ki ru (切る)ne .
Sou ka, asita kara hitori de chanto kir u(切る)ka .
Un, asita kara hitori de chanto kir u (切 る )no. Hitori de chanto kir u(切
る)kara, daijoubu yo.
e) Niku wo kir u (切る)toki ha, mada tetsudatte moratta hou ga ii ja nai no ka.
Uuun, Yukko hitoride ki ru (切る)tsumori yo.
Yukko ga hitori de ki re(切れ)ba , kaasan ga tasukaru yo.
Yukko ga hitori de niku wo kit tara (切ったら), okaasan ga tasukaru no.
Sou. Omae ga hitori de niku ya yasai wo k ir u(切る)nara ne.
Jaa, watasi kitto hitori de ki ro u(切ろう).
Saa, ii kara, kore wo kit te(切って). Sosite tsugi ni sakana wo kir i nasai.
Mada chiisai kara "chanto ki re (切 れ )" to ittemo, nakanaka umaku ha
kire(切れ)nai mon da yo.
[mi r u (見る;観る;覧る;看る;診る;視る)]
a) Watasi ha metta ni telebi wo mi nai (見 ない).
Konna tsumara nai bangumi wo kodomo tachi ni mi saseru(見 させる)
wake ni ika nai yo. Mattaku mi rareta(見 られた) mon jaa nai.
b) Demo, watasi ha telobi wo m i masu(見 ます) yo.
kodomo no koro ha, telebi no aru uchi ni, yoku mi ni(見 に) itta mon
desu yo.
Sore ha, tama niha watasi mo nyuusu ya dokyumentarii (☞ documentary)
nado wo mi ha (見 は) suru ga ne…
Kudara nai bangumi wo mi sae (見 さえ) si nakere ba, mi tai(見 たい)
mono wo mir e(見れ) ba ii ndesu yo.
Otona ga m ire (見れ)ba , kodomo mo mi sou (見 そう)da kara ne. Kudaran
bangumi ha ike nai yo.
Telebi wo mi nagara(見 ながら), shokuji wo suru nomo yoku nai. Kazoku
no aida no kaiwa ga naku naru.
c) Mi te(見 て), kandou dekiru mono dattara, ii deshou .
Nani wo mi ta(見 た)noka, wakara nai you na mono ga oosugiru nda yo.
Mi tari (見 たり), kii tari suru koto ha juuyou desu yo. Telebi ga aru kara,
katei de sore ga dekiru ndesu kara.
Nani mo kamo mi teha(見 ては) ike nai toha, iwa nai kedo, mi temo(見 て
も)seisin no eiyou ni nara nai mono ha mi nai (見 ない)ni kosita koto ha nai
no sa.
d) Sore ni ichido mir u to , kuse ni nari yasu. Tabako ya sake to onaji da yo.
Appendix 3-41
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[Rei]
[ake ru (開ける;空ける;明ける)]
a) Omote no mon ha ake(開け)nai.
Appendix 3-42
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[kake ru (掛ける;架ける;賭ける;駆ける;欠ける;書ける)]
Appendix 3-43
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Appendix 3-44
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[s aker u (避ける;裂ける)]
a) Kare ha, kiken mo aete sak e(避け)nai .
Kiken ha s ake(避け)sase te kudasai.
Kiken ha s ake(避け)rareru.
b) Kiken ha s ake(避け)masu yo.
Kiken wo sake (避け)ha suru ga, s ake-kire(避け切れ)nai koto mo aru.
Watasi ha, kiken wo s ake (避け)koso sure, aete okasa nai.
Kiken wo sake (避け)sae sure ba, nani mo mondai ha ani.
Negawaku ha, sonna kiken ha sak e(避け)tai .
Aitsu ha dou mo kiken wo sake (避け)sou ni nai.
Minna kiken wo s ake(避け)nagara , zensin sita.
c) Kiken ha s ake(避け)te toore.
Rakuseki no kiken ha sak e(避け)ta .
Ano otoko ha ichi'ichi kiken wo sak e(避け)tari sinai otoko da.
Ichi'ichi kiken wo s ake(避け)teha irare nai.
Hitotsu sak e(避け)temo, mata tsugi no kiken ga machikamaete ita.
d) Sonna kiken ha s ake ru (避ける) ga ii.
Watasi dattara donna kiken mo sake r u(避ける)yo.
Watasi mo kiken ha minna sake r u(避ける)ne.
Kiken wo okasa nai to inochi ga tasukara nai baai mo, yahari s aker u (避け
る)ka.
Donna baai mo kiken ha s ake ru (避ける)no da.
Toni kaku, watasi ha donna kiken mo s aker u(避ける)kara ne.
e) Kiken wo sake ru (避ける)hito ga okubyoumono toha ie nai.
Sker u (避ける)tsumori de, sake’ kire nai kiken mo aru.
f) Donna kiken mo umaku s ake re (避けれ) ba ii.
Kono nansho wo umaku s ake (避ける)tara , ato ha raku da.
g) Kiken ha dekiru dake s akey o u(避けよう).
h) Kiken ha s ake(避け)te.
Kiken ha s ake(避け)nasai.
Kimitachi kiken ha s ake(避け)tamae .
Shokun, kiken ha sak er o(避けろ).
Sono youna gukou ha s ake y o (避けよ).
Tono sono youna koto ha tsutomete s ake (避け)mase.
Appendix 3-45
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[ya me ru (止める;辞める;罷める)
Appendix 3-46
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[Rei]: (来る)
Appendix 3-47
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[Rei]:
(為る<する>)
a) Watasi nara sona koto ha si nai(し ない) na.
Kuchidasi s ur u na (するな) to iware temo, kuchidasi s e zu(せ ず) niha
irare nai yo.
Kare ni sa se(さ せ) tara, nani mo kamo mucha-kucha ni s a reru(さ れる)
zo.
b) Matte kudasai. Sugu si masu(し ます) kara.
Appendix 3-48
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
Appendix 3-49
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
いませ).
(☞ “s ur u ” no teineina hyougenn.)
{* “mase(ませ)” ha jodousi “masu” no koui wo unagasu teineina meileikei.
Re: “Ki ma se , mise masho, urando wo akete ”(Tosamin’you yori in’you)}
*******
Appendix 3-50
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[Tsukawareru hyougen]
* Anshin-suru(安心する)
* Ando-suru(安堵する)
・ * Kakugo-suru(覚悟する)
・ * Kankei-suru(関係する)
・ * Kansatsu-suru(観察する)
・ * Kan’nen-suru(観念する)
・ * Kanmei-suru(感銘する)
・ * Kangei-suru(歓迎する)
・ * Kangen-suru(換言する;還元する;諌言する)
・ * Kitai-suru(期待する)
・ * Sansei-suru(賛成する)
・ * Sanran-suru(散乱する;産卵する)
・ * Shinpai-suru(心配する)
・ * Sundan-suru(寸断する)
・ * Sengan-suru(洗顔する)
・ * Sengen-suru(宣言する)
・ * Senden-suru(宣伝する)
・ * Senjou-suru(洗浄する)
・ * Sonshou-suru(損傷する)
・ * Shoukai-suru(紹介する)
・ * Shoudan-suru(商談する)
・ * Shoubai-suru(商売する)
・ * Shuutoku-suru(習得する)
・ * Tan’nou-suru(堪能する)
・ * Tanren-suru(鍛練する)
・
・ * Teian-suru(提案する)
Appendix 3-51
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
・ * Toumen-suru(当面する)
・ * Nangi-suru(難儀する)
・ * Nouhin-suru(納品する)
・ * Handan-suru(判断する)
・ * Hanketsu-suru(判決する)
・ * Hanmei-suru(判明する)
・ * Hibou-suru(誹謗する)
・ * Huntou-suru(奮闘する)
・ * Hukushuu-suru(復習する;復讐する)
・ * Henkou-suru(変更する)
・ * Henshin-suru(返信する;変身する;変心する;偏心する)
・ * Henshuu-suru(編集する)
・ * Hensou-suru(返送する;変装する)
・ * Honsou-suru(奔走する)
・ * Housou-suru(包装する;放送する)
・ * Hosoku-suru(補足する;捕捉する)
・
・ * Manshin-suru(慢心する)
・ * Meigen-suru(明言する)
・ * Menkai-suru(面会する)
・ * Mensetsu-suru(面接する)
・ * Menseki-siri(免責する)
・ * Mendan-suru(面談する)
・ * Monshin-suru(問診する)
・ * Yakusoku-suru(約束する)
・ * Yayu-suru(揶揄する)
・ * Yoshuu-suru(予習する)
・ * Ranbou-suru(乱暴する)
・ * Ranshin-suru(乱心する)
・ * Renraku-suru(連絡する)
・ * Renshuu-suru(練習する)
・ * Rongi-suru(論議する)
・ * Ronbaku-suru(論駁-する)
・ * Ronpa-suru(論破する)
・ * Wakai-suru(和解する)
・ * Gaisan-suru(概算する)
・ * Gakushuu-suru(学習する)
・ * Gisou-suru(偽装する;艤装する)
・ * Giron-suru(議論する)
Appendix 3-52
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
・ * Gurou-suru(愚弄する)
・ * Geigou-suru(迎合する)
・ * Gouryuu-suru(合流する)
・ * Gouyuu-suru (豪遊する)
・ * Zange-suru(懺悔する)
・ * Danshou-suru(談笑する)
・ * Danzoku-suru(断続する)
・ * Danpan-suru(談判する)
・ * Densen-suru(伝染する)
・ * Dengon-suru(伝言する)
・ * Denpan-suru(伝搬する)
・ * Donka-suru(鈍化する)
・ * Bengaku-suru(勉学する)
・ * Kyouiku-suru(教育する)
・ * Kyouka-suru(強化する;教化する)
・ * Chousen-suru(挑戦する)
・ * Chuushou-suru(嘲笑する)
・ * Juutai-suru(渋滞する)
・ * Juujitsu-suru(充実する)
・ * Juutou-suru(充当する)
・
・ * Benkyou-suru(勉強する)
*******
[Ika no rei ha nichijouteki ni tsukawarete iru mono no, juubun ni narete izu,
iwakan ga aru tsukaware kata no rei de, “ni” ya “wo” nado no Joshi wo kaishite
tsukau houga nozomashii.]
Appendix 3-53
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
[Ika no rei ha, motomoto “suru” to iu doushi ni tsunageru beki meishi deha
nai ga omoni bungaku ya tetsugaku ni tazusawaru mono no aidade
tsukawarete hanseiki ijou ninaru.]
* Tetsugaku-suru(哲学する)
* Bungaku-suru(文学する)
* Kagaku suru(科学する)
* Nanpa-suru (ナンパする)
[Ika ha, josei seiki no hizokuna meishou nitudzu keru yourei de, izen ha midari
ni kuchi ni subeki deha nai hyougen to omowarete ita ga, saikin ha ooppirani
tukawarete iru.]
* Omanko suru.(おまんこする)
* Omeko suru.(おめこする)
* Ososo suru.(おそそする)
* Bobo suru.(ぼぼする)
* Ecchi (H) suru.(エッチする)
[(注): “Ecchi” ha seikou wo imisuru ingo de “iyarasii koto”, “hazubeki koto”, “waisetsu na koto
no daimeisi no youna yougo de ari, imada nipponjin ga seiai wo sonoyouna waisetsuna
Appendix 3-54
DOUSI NO KIHON TEKI N A KA TACHI
(Daihyou rei)
* Denwa-suru(電話する)
☞ Denwa wo kakeru.(電話を掛ける)
* Unaden suru(ウナ電する)
☞ Sikyuu denpou wo utsu.
* Meelu-suru(メールする)(Meelu = E-mail)
☞ E-meelu wo okuru. (Eメールを送る)
* Chatto-suru(チャットする)(Chatto = Chat)
☞ Chatto moodo de kousin suru.
* Fakkusu-suru(ファックスする)(Fakkusu = Faximilli/Fax)
☞ Fakkusu de messeeji/jouhou wo okuru.
*******
Appendix 3-55
Editorial Postscript
to the last version of Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs
( Nihongo Jodousi Katsuyou Jiten Henshuu Kouki)
It has taken more than one year to review and improve the contents of this
Dictionary. But the author doesn t satisfied with the result of time-consuming editorial
work, because there has been brought up a lot of new idea not only to enrich the
contents but also polish the style of the Dictionary to make it easier and valuable for
users to utilize it, while reviewing and editing the Dictionary.
For example it should be done to highlight every elements of word on the levels of
sound like as conjugating parts of verbs and or auxiliary verbs and other linguistic
elements followed by and/or following to the said entry words which appear in examples
of usage, using bold-italic face, bold face, italic face and/or underlines. It was appeared
in fact that making such efforts for tens of thousands of words which appear in the
examples is too much difficult and time-consuming to achieve and it could take more
times than two or three years to finish. So the author abandoned to realize such an idea
although such is referred in the Preface.
Should it be better for foreign users that the more numbers of examples of usage
might be given for every entry word. But also such idea couldn t be realized due to the
limits of space and time given.
The author should have an opportunity to improve this Dictionary whenever if it
becomes possible and it may come up to the willing of author to do so, taking into
account the desires and expectation of users and above-said ideas as well.
The author always appreciates it and feel it happy if every user feeds back his/her
opinions and suggestions to him that have come up while using this Dictionary.
Ei Cohen
In Tokyo, June 15, 2010
Editorial Postscript
to the last version of Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs
( Nihongo Jodousi Katsuyou Jiten Henshuu Kouki)
Ei Cohen
Toukyou nite, 2010 nen 5 gatsu 7 ka.
Usage of Japanese Auxiliary Verbs and
Tips in using Japanese verbs”
– Electronic Version on PDF fails
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Representation:
All author s right for this work should belong personally to Ei Cohen as well
as his Persona Office Telintalk. Anyone may not be utilized, whole or in part,
any part of this work, in any form, electronically or in published hard copy,
without prior consent of
the author, in exception to the case it is referred to in any kind of works and
notified about referred parts to the author.