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CHAPTER 7
PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT
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Introduction
The anticipated economic and population growth of Spotsylvania County will require an
increased level of public services. More population will mean more school students as well as more
health services, social services, and recreation facilities. Economic growth will require expanded
utilities, improved fire and rescue protection and coordination with the business community. The
purpose of the Public Facilities Plan is to assess the current and future public service and facility
needs and provide a plan for addressing these needs in an efficient and cost effective manner.
The County's public facilities must be carefully coordinated with land use and transportation
plans to integrate the provision of services with anticipated growth, revenues, and available funding.
The principal goals of the adopted Comprehensive Plan regarding the provision of public facilities
and utilities are:
• Provide community facilities/services to serve existing and new development in an

efficient and cost effective manner;
• Provide emergency services and law enforcement to protect citizens and allow them to
enjoy a safe and secure environment;
• Promote an integrated information system for the County, supporting the education and
the enrichment of all of its citizens;
• Serve the recreational needs of the community through a comprehensive system of
recreational facilities and programs;
• Provide a system of high quality educational opportunities that meet the future
educational needs of all citizens;
• Provide safe and adequate facilities and educational programs for the removal, disposal,
and reduction of solid waste; and
• Provide a sufficient supply of high quality drinking water and a distribution system to
serve the domestic, recreational, industrial, commercial, and fire protection needs of the
community at the most economical price possible.
It must be recognized that areas of the County are different and levels of service within these
areas will vary. Where possible, current and future needs should be addressed through existing
facilities. Where this is not possible, new facilities can be constructed. By identifying where public
schools, water or sewer lines, fire and rescue stations, and other improvements should be
constructed, the County can encourage development in appropriate areas and discourage
development in inappropriate areas. Appropriate here is meant to be consistent with adopted
policies. Coordination of County land use, transportation and public facilities development is the key
to providing equitable, efficient, and cost effective government services for current and future
County residents.
Created in concert with other County departments, The Public Facilities Plan recommends
the general timing and location of future County facilities based on desired service levels. It is
designed to function as a needs assessment supporting the establishment of specific project
priorities through the annual Capital Improvement Program. A comprehensive approach integrates
facility needs, siting criteria, and design issues with adopted land use plans and other planning
concerns. The Plan will guide the acquisition of public facility sites through the rezoning process
and advance purchase or optioning. The Public Facilities Plan does not address funding
availability, debt capacity, or other financial concerns; nor does it address facility
components, equipment, building design, and numerous other factors best left to the
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expertise of the operating departments. In addition, the location recommendations are
general and should not be interpreted as site specific.
This plan is one element of the Spotsylvania County Comprehensive Plan. As with all
components of the Comprehensive Plan, it is intended to function as guide for decision-makers;
flexibility is required when fundamental conditions change or analysis based on new data reaches
differing conclusions. The comprehensive plan and each of its components should be reviewed
and, if necessary, updated periodically based on new data and analysis.
Relationship to the Comprehensive Plan and County Growth Management Strategy:
The adoption of the Public Facilities Plan as part of the County's Comprehensive Plan
provides an important implementation tool for the County's overall growth management strategy.
Articulated through the recommendations of the Comprehensive Plan, this strategy encourages
sustainable and orderly growth in designated areas of the county while supporting the overall
desires and aspirations of the community.
A key aspect of the growth management strategy involves the appropriate timing and location
of future land development.
Relationship to the Capital Improvements Program:
The County's annual Capital Improvement Program (CIP) addresses short-term facility
planning. The CIP proposes a specific schedule for acquisition, development, enhancement or
replacement of public facilities, usually over a five (5) or six (6) year period. It shows the
arrangement of selected projects in priority order, and establishes cost estimates and anticipated
funding sources.
Organization
The Public Facilities Plan is organized into six (6) sections: 1) Public Schools; 2) Parks and
Recreation; 3) Fire and Rescue Services; 4) Libraries; 5) Solid Waste Management; and 6) Water
and Sewer Facilities.
In preparing the Public Facilities Plan, each of the above categories will be addressed in
terms of existing conditions, evaluation criteria, future expectations and future plans. In this way the
Plan will provide a baseline for future planning, evaluating existing development policies and
creating new policies where appropriate.
General Evaluation Criteria
An evaluation of existing public facilities and a determination of needs for future facilities
involves several related criteria. These criteria cannot be static or absolute because particular
needs and existing conditions vary greatly throughout the County.
Location
Location must be considered in relation to various elements of the Comprehensive Plan, such
as existing and future population distribution, zoning, major transportation arteries, topography, and
utilities. A centralized location is required for facilities that provide services to intermittent visitors
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where a time and distance factor is not critical. Decentralized locations are desirable for facilities
that serve day-to-day needs of citizens and where a time and distance factor becomes less
important.
Accessibility
The site should be accessible to major transportation routes providing the best possible
access to the greatest number of citizens expected to use the facility.
Proximity to Related and Supporting Facilities
There are advantages to the grouping of related central-type facilities within one complex or
area. Convenience to the public is thereby enhanced, operational economics are achieved, and
less land is required to provide shared facilities such as parking. Some facilities are also more
effective when located adjacent to a business district or shopping center, thereby assuring the
greatest convenience to the largest number of people. Public facilities should not be located in the
very heart of the retail core, but preferably near the periphery of the commercial center.
Condition and Obsolescence Assessment
The present state of repair for a particular facility needs to be determined. Existing building
space arrangements and special mechanical equipment requirements to meet the function needs of
the facility must be considered. The operational efficiency of the facility and its possible adaptation
to change or enlargement are factors that must be reviewed to determine the relative obsolescence
of the building plan. Poor condition and high levels of obsolescence may indicate a need for
replacement.
Capacity in Relation to Present and Future Utilization
Increased demands for services will typically require increased staff and equipment resources
with a corresponding need for additional space.
Site Adequacy
The site for each building should be adequate to provide for: (a) the space needs of the
building and any probable future additions, (b) parking space for vehicles of both visitors and
employees, and (c) sufficient landscaped open space for a satisfactory and pleasing appearance.
Supportive of Adopted Planning Policies
The proposed project should support adopted County policies and plans. Without reference to
an overall framework for development of the County, projects can be inconsistent and
counterproductive. If a project appears justified, even though it is not consistent with adopted
policies, then a change in policy should be proposed and reviewed through the planning process.
Public Facilities Plan Map
Proposed facilities which form an integral part of the County's future land use pattern are
shown on the Public Facilities Plan Map (inserted in back of document); these include the schools,
parks and recreation facilities, and various other buildings, structures and sites needed to provide
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public services. Only general locations are indicated on the map. As they are developed, smaller
area plans may indicate more specific sites when possible. The locations of public services, such as
water and sewer systems, are identified within the Water and Sewer Master Plan.
Service Area vs. Countywide Facilities
The plan reflects differing levels of review based on the type of public facility. Certain facilities
were reviewed based on geographic service areas - Fire/Rescue Stations, Schools, Parks, Solid
Waste, and Libraries. Recommendations through the year 2020 are based on service level goals as
defined by the applicable department. As a guide to timing, both short-term and long-term needs
have been addressed.
Key Objectives of the Public Facilities Plan
The Public Facilities Plan should serve as the foundation for future decisions concerning the
location and expansion of public facilities. In making these decisions, the following objectives
should be considered:
• Locate new facilities to provide convenient service to the greatest number of residents.
• Construct or expand facilities in accord with established level of service standards.
• Help guide future growth by coordinating the location of public facilities with
recommendations in the County's Comprehensive Plan.
• Use the plan as a general guide for the County's Capital Improvements Program.
• Ensure equitable distribution of public facilities between established and newly
developing areas of Spotsylvania County. Consider existing facility maintenance or
replacement needs in already developed areas of the county.
• Mitigate the impact of public facilities on adjacent planned and existing land uses.
• Acquire sites for future public facilities as soon as possible, ideally obtaining property for
facilities many years before there is a need to build.
• Use the recommendations of the plan, where feasible, to develop multiple use locations
(i.e., joint park/school sites).
• Use the recommendations of this plan to determine whether proposed public facilities are
substantially in accord with the Comprehensive Plan, as required by state law.
Methodology
Detailed demographic information provides the basis for the demand analysis included in the
Public Facilities Plan. Key building blocks include countywide population projections to the year
2030, and school enrollment projections. These projections were derived from a detailed analysis
of numerous factors affecting development potential in the county, including adopted land use
plans, approved zoning, environmental constraints, and subdivision activity.
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Projected Population Growth
Spotsylvania County
Year Population Managed Growth*
1990 57,403 -
1995 71,600 -
2000 90,395 -
2005 114,960 -
2010 134,163 126,490
2015 154,400 139,655
2020 175,402 154,190
2030 217,797 187,957
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Virginia Employment Commission, Spotsylvania County Planning Department.
*Implementation of graduated growth to reach Comprehensive Plan goal of an annual growth rate of 2%.
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Public Schools
Introduction
The Spotsylvania County Public School System offers a comprehensive program for grades pre-
Kindergarden-12, in addition to vocational education, programs for gifted students, special
education and related services, and alternative education. In addition to vocational courses offered
at the local high school, students may take career-based courses at the Spotsylvania Career and
Technical Center located adjacent to Courtland High School. The school system operates a
federally funded Title One program for children whose math and reading skills are below grade level
and houses Headstart and the Virginia Preschool Initiative (VPI) program for preschool children.
The Spotsylvania County Public School System consists of thirty (30) schools: seventeen (17)
elementary schools, seven (7) middle schools, five (5) high schools, and the Spotsylvania County
Career and Technical Center. Courthouse Academy and the GATES Center provide services to
non-traditional secondary students. In addition the Maintenance Warehouse Complex will open in
December of 2009. John J. Wright also reopened in the fall of 2008, as a center for the alternative
education and preschool programs.
During the 2006-2007 school year, 10,865 elementary and pre-k students, 5,644 middle school
students, and 7,677 high school students, for a total of 24,186 students, were enrolled in the school
system.
Facility Design and Location Standards
Location Criteria
The goal of the school system is to provide for the highest quality education for students in the
County in the most cost-effective manner.
• Provide new facilities to adequately and equitably serve all areas of the county.
• Schedule school construction to relieve overcrowding and plan for new growth before it
occurs.
• Provide up-to-date learning facilities including advances in technology and related
instructional software.
• Continue to coordinate school site planning and development with the Parks and
Recreation Department in order to maximize community recreational facilities.
• Obtain optimal locations and minimize costs through advance acquisition of suitable
sites.
• Provide locations for new schools that minimize travel distance for current as well as
future students.
• Elementary, Middle and High Schools site design should minimize impacts of the
recreational areas on adjacent residences. Sports facilities and their parking areas should
be buffered from nearby homes.
• Pursue acquisition of school sites in projected growth areas of the county as identified on
the school plan map.
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Design Criteria
The following are recommended design criteria, acreage, and facility standards for the purpose of
providing a consistent, equitable and cost effective countywide public school system.
Elementary Schools
• Sites should average in size from 20-35 acres depending on the full educational needs,
desired community recreation needs, as well as all engineering, zoning and other
requirements established or desired by the School Board or County Board of
Supervisors.
• Buildings should be a minimum of 95,000 square feet accommodating 930-950 students,
with a desirable class size limit of 22 students.
• Buildings should be constructed at a maximum height no greater than two stories.
• A multi-use/gymnasium facility should be provided at each school sized to accommodate
a regulation basketball court, bleachers, restroom facilities, and storage rooms.
• Grading for outdoor facilities to include the following community use facilities:
a. One (1) Little League/Softball Field with a 200 foot playing area with fences
for a backstop and dugouts;
b. One (1) Soccer/Football Field with minimum dimensions of 65 yards x 120
yards;
c. Restroom access;
d. Public Access Playground; and
e. Grading for parking adjacent to facilities.
Middle Schools
• Sites should range in size from 50-80 acres depending on the full educational needs,
Supervisors.
• Buildings should be a minimum of 125,000 square feet accommodating 940-960 students
with a desirable class size limit of 25 students.
• Buildings should be constructed at a minimum height no less than two stories.
• A multi-purpose room/gymnasium should be provided at each school sized to
accommodate a regulation basketball court, bleachers, restroom facilities, storage room
and locker rooms.
a. Grading for two (2) Little League/Softball Fields with a 200 foot playing
area with fences for a backstop and dugouts (prepared and funded by
Parks and Recreation);
b. Two (2) Soccer/Football Fields with minimum dimensions of 70 yards x 130
yards. One (1) with lights (prepared and funded by Parks and Recreation);
c. Access to restrooms;
d. Tennis Courts/Basketball Courts;
e. A Public Access Track; and
f. Grading for parking adjacent to facilities.
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High Schools
• Sites should range in size from 70-120 acres depending on the full educational needs,
Supervisors.
• Buildings should be a minimum of 313,000 square feet accommodating 1,900-2,100
students with a desirable class size limit of 25 students.
• Buildings should be constructed at a minimum height no less than two stories.
• In addition to the main gymnasium, a second gym (auxiliary gymnasium) should be
provided at each high school sized to accommodate a regulation basketball court,
• bleachers, restroom facilities, storage room and locker rooms.
a. Two (2) Regulation Baseball Fields with fully enclosed playing area. One
(1) with lights (funded by Parks and Recreation);
b. Two (2) Softball Fields with fully enclosed playing area. One (1) with lights;
c. Access to restrooms (funded by Parks and Recreation);
d. Tennis Courts/Basketball Courts;
e. A Public Access Track;
f. Parking adjacent to facilities;
g. One (1) Regulation Football/Soccer Field with stadium; and
h. Three (3) Multi-Purpose Football/Soccer Fields with minimum dimensions
of 70 yards x 130 yards.
Geographic Analysis
Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) data provides a basis for working through a detailed analysis to
determine the locations where residential growth is anticipated to occur to the year 2025. The
following maps depict the areas of the county in which the greatest percentage of residential growth
is projected to occur during the planning period with generalized locations for future school facilities.
Findings
For the purpose of the Public Facilities Plan, school capacity is the key Level of Service
indicator. The Plan for school system expansion is based on the County School Board school
design capacity as follows:
• Elementary Schools: 930-950 students/20-35 acres

• Middle Schools: 940-960 students/50-80 acres
• High Schools: 1,900-2,100 students/70-120 acres
Recommendations
The following recommendations are general in nature. The general location of proposed
schools based on anticipated residential growth, school capacity needs and land availability are
shown on the accompanying map.
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General
• Consider realignment of Attendance Zones to best utilize existing facilities to

accommodate student population before constructing new school facilities
• Look to constructing additions to existing school facilities before constructing new school
facilities for cost efficiency purposes
• Establish new Attendance Zones based on the safest and shorter school bus routes in
order to get students to and from school in a timely fashion
• Construct new schools to provide the best educational opportunities for students by
preventing overcrowded classroom sizes, unsafe and long bus trips, etc.
• Maintain levels of service by staying consistent with state standards for classroom size by
education level and full utilization of school facilities based on building capacity
• Reduce bus travel distances for students going to and from school in a safe manner
• Reduce land costs for new schools through advance acquisition.
Short Term (2008-2013)
• Massaponax Church Road is scheduled to be addressed with respect to: the addition of
turning lanes near the entrance of Cedar Forrest Elementary School; the addition of a
traffic signal at the intersection of Route 17 and Massaponax Church Road; and the
widening and straightening of five-tenths of a mile of the road between Route 17 and
Cedar Forrest Elementary School. This road construction is a stipulation of the
Spotsylvania County Board of Supervisors as part of the Special Use Permit for
(Cedar Forrest) Elementary School #17. The deadline for this road construction project is
the fall of 2010.
• Maintenance Warehouse Complex is scheduled to open in the December of 2009. This
facility will serve as the centralized base for all maintenance personnel and equipment for
the school division and the county. In addition, this facility will house the school division’s
textbook inventory, and the school division Records Warehouse. The current
Maintenance Facility site (behind the Marshall Center), will be reconfigured to
accommodate this project.
• Ni River Middle School Addition is to be completed by the fall of 2012. This project will
add four to eight rooms with ancillary support spaces (corridors, restrooms, etc.), to this
middle school. This addition will provide space for 100 additional students.
• Thornburg Middle School Addition is to be completed by the fall of 2012. This project
will add four to eight rooms with ancillary support spaces (corridors, restrooms, etc.) to
this middle school. This addition will provide space for 100 additional students.
• Elementary School #18 is scheduled to open in the fall of 2013. This one story masonry
structure will include 38 regular classrooms, 5 special education rooms, 5 resource
rooms, a media center, cafeteria, and gymnasium. This school will encompass 90,448
square feet which includes an 8,500 square foot multipurpose room. This school facility
will be located in the west-central area of Spotsylvania County.
• Elementary School #19 is scheduled to open in the fall of 2015. This one story masonry
structure will include 38 regular classrooms, 5 special education rooms, 5 resource
rooms, a media center, cafeteria, and gymnasium. This school will encompass 90,448
square feet which includes an 8,500 square foot multipurpose room. This school facility
will be located next to Spotsylvania High School on Towles Mill Road.
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Long Term (2013-2025)
• High School #6 is slated to open in the fall of 2015. This one to two-story masonry
structure will encompass approximately 318,800 square feet including an auditorium,
auxiliary gymnasium, athletic fields, and ancillary facilities. This school facility will be
located in an area of growth (possibly the northeastern portion of Spotsylvania County).
• Middle School #8 is slated to open in the fall of 2016. This one to two-story masonry
structure will encompass approximately 128,800 square feet including an auxiliary
gymnasium, a school forum, athletic fields, and ancillary facilities. This school facility will
be located in an area of growth (possibly the northeastern portion of Spotsylvania
County).
Level of Service Standards for Public School Facilities
New development presents demands for countywide school facilities that impact the current
levels of service provided by the public school system in Spotsylvania County. It is important that
the County provide both current and future residents adequate education services. The future
residential demand for education programs and school facilities must be measured, and means
must be identified for maintaining the established countywide level of service after new
development occurs.
Existing Number of Current Growth Rate Managed Growth

Type of School
Schools by 2025 Rate by 2025
Elementary 17 21 (4) 23 (6)*
Middle 7 9 (2) 10 (3)*
High 5 7 (2) 7 (2)*
Total 29 37 (8) 40 (11)*
* Implementation of graduated growth to reach Comprehensive Plan goal of an annual growth rate of 2%. Current
Growth Rate reflects long range projections using the current growth rate of the student population not the
general county population. Also includes existing facilities.
( ) Additional school needs by 2025.
All applications for a rezoning and/or special use permit for residential dwelling units shall
contain the following information:
• Number and type(s) of dwelling unit(s) proposed

• Anticipated occupancy date for proposed dwelling units
Where the proposed rezoning and/or special use permit application proposes the addition of
dwelling units that may contain school-age children, the applicant shall be required to provide the
following:
• A statement from the Spotsylvania County Planning Department regarding the anticipated
shortfall between existing, projected and already funded school facilities, and the school
facility demand generated by the proposed residential development.
• Provision of a voluntary proffer for school sites and facilities, at the LOS standards
contained in the Schools Plan, so long as those sites and facilities are acceptable to both
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the Spotsylvania County Planning Department and the Spotsylvania County School
Board.
• Or, a combination of a school site, acceptable to both the Spotsylvania County Planning
Department and the Spotsylvania County School Board, and site development costs, and
the monetary difference between the value of that school site, as determined by both the
Spotsylvania County Planning Department and the Spotsylvania County School Board,
and the total monetary contribution that would otherwise be provided, as above.
Rezoning and/or special use permit applications that are found by the Spotsylvania County
Planning Department to generate a shortfall between the new demand and existing and projected
and already funded school facilities without committing to mitigation measures that are acceptable
to the Planning Department shall be found inconsistent with the Schools Plan.
The methodology for determining equitable monetary contributions for new development is
outlined in the Spotsylvania County Zoning Evaluation and Proffer Policy Guide.
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Fire and Rescue
Introduction
Fire protection and emergency medical service are indispensable services that are essential
to the quality of life of every County resident. This element of the Public Facilities Plan is mainly
concerned with the planning of fire/rescue stations in order to provide effective and efficient fire
protection and emergency medical response. Previous planning efforts related to fire/rescue
stations were the sole responsibility of the Fire, Rescue and Emergency Management (FREM)
Department. This is an attempt to integrate that planning into the comprehensive planning of all
public facilities throughout the County. This Public Facilities Plan is closely associated with the
Capital Improvements Plan adopted each year by the County Board of Supervisors.
Fire and rescue services are provided to Spotsylvania County residents and visitors through a
system comprised of both volunteer and career personnel. There are three volunteer organizations
(rescue squads and fire companies) providing services to the County. They include the
Spotsylvania Volunteer Fire and EMS Department, Chancellor Volunteer Fire and Rescue
Department and Spotsylvania Volunteer Rescue Squad. There are approximately 400 operational
volunteers spread among these agencies. Each of these agencies has its own officers to oversee
the operations of each respective organization. The volunteers are the primary providers of night
and weekend coverage. The majority of the volunteers work regular full-time jobs resulting in limited
availability of volunteers for weekday coverage. In order to fill this coverage void, as well as provide
certain specialized and administrative functions, the Spotsylvania County Department of Fire,
Rescue and Emergency Management provides career personnel who staff fire and rescue stations
during daytime hours, Monday through Friday from 4:00am until 6:00pm. The County is currently
working towards providing personnel at each station seven days per week, 24 hours per day. The
Fire and Rescue Commission has recommended a goal of staffing all stations 24 hours per day,
seven days per week by July 1, 2009 and this is supported by the Board of Supervisors.
The Fire and Rescue Commission is an advisory board that provides recommendations to the
Board of Supervisors regarding the provision of such services, training standards, rules and
regulations and related issues. The Commission is appointed by the Board of Supervisors and
consists of a minimum of one representative to be appointed from the following entities:
Spotsylvania Volunteer Fire Department; Spotsylvania Volunteer Rescue Squad; Chancellor
Volunteer Fire and Rescue Department; Spotsylvania County Department of Fire, Rescue and
Emergency Management; the County Fire Chief and one Spotsylvania County citizen unaffiliated
with any public safety agency within or outside the county.
Services provided by the department are divided into five distinct categories as follows:
1 Fire - Fire suppression, first responder program, public fire education, and
company inspection programs.
2 Rescue - Emergency medical treatment and transport and public education.
3 Emergency Management/Support Services - Plans for natural or man-made
disasters, processes Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), responds to hazardous
materials spills, investigates environmental issues (illegal dumps, spills, etc.),
coordinates search and rescue efforts, provides in house vehicle repair and
maintenance for fire and EMS vehicles and provide logistical support for the
department.
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4 Fire and EMS Administration - Provides administrative support for the entire
department.
Develops departmental budget, establishes departmental policy and procedures,
processes fire inspections, fire investigations, fire and EMS reports and
departmental related permits and administers the Revenue Recovery Program for
Spotsylvania County.
5 Fire Prevention – Performs plan review (site plan, building plan, and subdivision
plat), conducts new construction and existing occupancy inspections to ensure
compliance with applicable codes and standards, conducts investigations of fires,
issues related permits (blasting, fireworks, burning, etc.)
Existing Facilities
Currently there are 10 Fire Companies and 10 Rescue Stations spread throughout the
County. Some facilities are joint facilities and some are stand-alone facilities devoted to either fire
or rescue services. The specific stations are listed in the table below. The facilities currently housing
Fire Company 5 and Rescue 5 are being consolidated and a new joint use facility will be
constructed in the Route 3 corridor or general area in the future.
Table 1
Existing Facilities
Facility Type
Courthouse – Company 1 & Rescue 1 Fire & Rescue
Brokenburg - Company 2 Fire
Partlow – Company 3 Fire
Four Mile Fork* – Company 4 & Rescue 4 Fire & Rescue
Five Mile Fork - Company 5 Fire
Salem Church* - Company 6 & Rescue 6 Fire & Rescue
Wilderness* - Company 7 & Rescue 7 Fire & Rescue
Thornburg* - Company 8 & Rescue 8 Fire & Rescue
Belmont* - Company 9 & Rescue 9 Fire & Rescue
Salem Fields* – Company 10 & Rescue 10 Fire & Rescue
Brokenburg – Rescue 2 Rescue
Partlow – Rescue 3 Rescue
Five Mile Fork – Rescue 5 Rescue
*Indicates joint use sites
The County maintains mutual aid agreements with the City of Fredericksburg, and the
Counties of Louisa, Orange, Caroline, and Hanover. The Department of Fire, Rescue and
Emergency Management (FREM) also seeks to reduce demand for fire and rescue services
through a proactive fire prevention and safety program. The program includes numerous public
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education activities as well as a fire safety inspection program. Inspections are provided for the
public school system as well as commercial and industrial businesses through our existing
occupancy inspection program that was established in early 2007. Public education activities are
performed by on-duty staff as schedules permit and by the volunteers on nights and weekends.
Additional full time staffing would greatly enhance this program and outreach opportunities.
Table 2
Number of Calls by Fire Company / Rescue Station 2007
Fire Company / Rescue Station 1 1,760
Fire Company / Rescue Station 2 639
Fire Company / Rescue Station 10 Opening in 2008
Total 15,131*
* CY07 had a total of 16,574 emergency response calls. The additional 1,443 emergency response
calls are contributed to mutual aid responses.
The total number of emergency response calls is growing at a rate of 4-5% annually and the
total call volume is expected to exceed 25,000 calls for service by 2020. This is based primarily on
the current increase in population continuing throughout the period. This increase will require
additional stations and staffing in order to maintain or improve the current level of service.
The primary indicator of level of service in regard to fire protection is response time. The
County has recently modified its target response time goals. Previously, the targets were 8 minutes
for urbanized areas and 12 minutes for rural areas. The newly adopted targets are 6 minutes for
urban and 8 minutes for rural, with an overall average of 7 minutes countywide. The current level of
service is measured by distance from the various stations whether the station is fire or rescue only
or a joint use location. Approximately 90% of the land area of the County is within the desired five-
mile radius of a fire station. An even greater percentage of the existing structures are within the five-
mile radius due to the density of development in the Primary Development Boundary. This is a
standard commonly used by the Insurance Services Organization (ISO) a group funded by the
insurance industry to establish insurance rates on a national level.
The response area for each station varies in size due to location within the County. The areas
for the stations in the urbanized area (northeast portion of the County) are somewhat smaller than
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those in the more rural portions of the County. This again is due to residential density and
commercial intensity. The areas served by Companies 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9 and the associated Rescue
stations typically have the lower number of calls but also have responsibility for the larger land
areas. Stations 1, 4, 5, 6 and 10 have the greater number of calls (see Table 2) but relatively
smaller areas of responsibility.
Location Criteria
The following criteria should be used in determining appropriate sites for additional stations in
order to provide a consistent level of service across the County.
• Locate stations at points with quick access to a major arterial. If possible sites should be
located near two major arterials that offer both east/west and north/south travel.
• Locate new fire/rescue stations near village and mixed-use centers where possible based
on key site planning considerations such as access, safety and response time.
• Reduce response areas to a 3-mile radius for facilities within the Primary Development
Boundary in order to reduce response times.
• Response areas outside the Primary Development Boundary should have a 5-mile
radius.
• Response times will also be considered in evaluating and selecting appropriate sites.
This will ensure that the targeted response goals are being met.
Design Criteria
The following design criteria should be considered when developing a new site for emergency
response stations.
• Co-locate fire and rescue facilities for maximum efficiency. Consider co-locating with
other public facilities as well.
• Acquire sites of at least 3 acres in the urban area since there is the availability of county
water and sewer lines and 5 acres in the rural area in order to accommodate a drainfield
with a 100% reserve drainfield in order to provide for co-location of public facilities and
future expansion.
• Buildings should be a minimum of 15,000 square feet in size. Capital equipment for each
building should be provided as follows:
a) one Pumper engine

b) one Tanker
c) one brush truck
d) one ambulance
e) one ladder truck
* Make up of units will depend on the location in the County, density and target hazards
within those respective areas.
• Consider including a training room for 50-100 persons in the design of new fire/rescue
facilities unless there is a similar public facility available for the surrounding community.
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Findings
Many variables affect response time and the generation of fire/rescue calls by a given
population. Among them are geography, road networks, age and density of population, and age
and quality of the building stock. The analysis of the department focuses on future population
projections and call loading within a fire/rescue district or response zones. A threshold of 1,500 total
calls per year is used as the benchmark indicator of full capacity at any single fire/rescue station.
Certain findings may be reported as follows:
• Sizeable geographic areas within the rural parts of the County currently are outside the
preferred 5-mile radius, particularly the Shady Grove area of Livingston Voting District
and the eastern portion of the Lee Hill Voting District.
• The total number of service calls is growing at a rate of 4-5% annually and the total call
volume will likely exceed 25,000 calls for fire/rescue service by 2020.
• Four fire/rescue stations currently experience over 1,500 calls per year and thus may be
considered above capacity. This is based on the most recent figures available.
• Currently the fire/rescue stations with the highest number of calls are Courthouse (1),
Four-Mile Fork (4), Salem Church (6), and Five-Mile Fork (5).
Recommendations
The following recommendations are general in nature. The general location of proposed
emergency response stations based on anticipated growth, service area needs and land availability
are shown on the accompanying map.
General
• Develop separate response time standards for urban and rural portions of the County.
The response time goals have been set in the urban or suburban areas at 6 minutes. The
response time goals have been set in the rural areas at 8 minutes.
• Reduce land costs for new facilities through advance acquisition.
• Develop minimum levels of service, particularly response time standards and staffing
standards.
• Establish new service areas based on response time standards resulting in smaller
service areas for the fire/rescue stations located within the Primary Development
Boundary. Staff is currently using a software application, Fireview, to plug in the new
locations of the replacement stations and the new Salem Fields station (#10). The
recommended response zones (1st – 10th response zones) will be evaluated by the fire
and EMS staff and adjusted as needed.
• Construct new stations to provide coverage for those areas currently outside the
preferred five-mile service radius and to meet newly created response time standards.
The area between Massaponax and Thornburg and the area around New Post continue
to be outside of the recommended three-mile response zone even though these areas
are in the Primary Development Boundary.
• A site has been selected off Trench Hill Lane and first construction phase (burn building)
of the Regional Training Center has been completed. Additional phases will require
funding to meet the future training needs.
• Until such time, as response time data can be developed, a 3-mile service radius should
be considered as the planning standard within the Primary Development Boundary.
17
Short Term (2008-2013)
• Currently, the Shady Grove area (in the vicinity of Catharpin Rd./Robert E. Lee Dr.
intersection) of the Livingston Voting District lies outside the preferred 5-mile radius
response area. Site acquisition for this proposed site is currently underway, but funding
is limited for site acquisition.
• Reduce the response areas for the stations exceeding 1,500 calls annually. The
response areas for these stations should be reduced to 3 miles in order to promote better
response times. Of particular need are the stations in the Chancellor, Salem and Lee Hill
Voting Districts. Development of a site in the Massaponax area should be considered in
order to relieve some of the burden on Company 4.
• Finalize the associated projects in the Fire and Rescue Bond Referendum that was
approved in 2001.
• With reduced response zones, new stations will be needed in the Lee Hill Voting District
to supplement the existing station and to improve the response times in that zone. The
US Rt. 17 South Bypass area near New Post should be considered for a joint use site.
• In order to provide for better emergency preparedness a regional training facility has
been developed in conjunction with surrounding jurisdictions. Property has been
acquired for such a facility. The initial construction phase (burn building) has been
completed. Funding for the future phases is needed.
• Continued development in the Chancellor Voting District may necessitate the need for
additional facilities.
• Property needs to be secured for the replacement of the FC/RS 3 facilities into a new
joint use site.
Long Term (2013-2025)
• Development around the Lake Anna area will necessitate adequate emergency response
capability including both fire and rescue.
• The Regional Training Center will need continued funding to help develop the master
plan as developed by the regional partners.
• The land acquisition for fire/rescue joint use sites will need to occur in order to relieve the
burden on existing fire/rescue facilities. Possible locations are in the Ely’s Ford Rd./
Spotswood Furnace Rd. area and Post Oak area.
• Need to work with the Planning Department to develop a master plan for fire and EMS
facilities in the County. This will allow the placement of proposed facilities to be most
appropriately sited where development is occurring or projected to occur.
• In order to reduce costs and to promote efficiency in developing emergency service
facilities, advance land acquisition should be considered. This can be achieved either by
donation, proffer or advance purchase.
Level of Service Standards for Fire and Rescue Services Facilities
The County Capital Improvement Program shall be the fundamental basis for meeting current
needs based on the adopted level of service standards. However, new development presents
demands for fire and rescue services that affect the ability of existing facilities to meet the level of
service standards. Therefore, any new applications for rezoning or special use shall contain the
following information:
• Number of residential units proposed.
18
• Floor Area for commercial development.
• Building construction type (i.e., sprinklers, etc.).
• Name(s) and location(s) of fire and rescue station(s) serving the project area.
Re-zonings or special use permits for new development should meet the recommended LOS
standards for fire and rescue facilities. Voluntary proffers that fail to meet the standards should be
considered inconsistent with the Public Facilities Plan.
There are three LOS standards for fire and rescue currently being utilized:
• Within a 3-mile radius in the urban/suburban areas and a 5-mile radius in the rural areas.
• Number of calls per station.
• Response Time Guidelines: 6 minutes – urban, 8 minutes – rural.
It shall be determined that LOS standards have been met if the following condition is met:
• The applicant has provided a monetary contribution to fund existing or planned fire and
rescue facilities that will meet the Level of Service Standards for Fire and Rescue
Facilities with development of the proposed use. The contribution(s) will be an equitable
amount to provide for Fire and Rescue facilities at the LOS standards contained in the
Public Facilities Plan.
outlined in the Zoning Evaluation and Proffer Policy Guide for Spotsylvania County.
19
Parks and Recreation
Introduction
The park's plan combines leisure and recreational objectives with the suitable locations
necessary to provide a broad-based recreation and open space program. Parks and recreation
facilities provide visual relief from concrete and pavement, make surroundings more habitable, and
preserve and protect natural and historical resources. These facilities provide varying recreational
opportunities for people of all ages, income levels, ethnic groups and physical abilities. As
Spotsylvania County continues to grow, the significance of parks and recreation planning,
acquisition and development increases. This chapter provides detailed standards, criteria and
polices for provision of recreation facilities.
The County's Department of Parks and Recreation is responsible for maintaining all local
parks and community centers. In addition, this Department sponsors a number of organized
activities including baseball, basketball, softball, soccer and football teams, cheerleading squads
and a variety of classes, programs and special events. Due to the popularity of its organized sports
teams, this Department has identified a need for additional playing and practice fields. Future park
development in the County will be aimed at meeting these needs when possible.
Spotsylvania County is fortunate to have the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National

Battlefield Parks encompassing 5,800 acres within the County to serve some of the passive
recreation needs. Lake Anna, a 13,000-acre manmade lake, is one of Spotsylvania's most valuable
recreational resources. Water skiing, boating and swimming attracts thousands of visitors to its
shores. Anglers can take advantage of the more than 33 species of fish found in its annually
stocked waters. Lake Anna State Park with its 2,810 acres is a focal point of Lake Anna. More than
9,900 acres of the County's current land uses are public parklands. The State and Federal parks,
however, are not controlled by the County and, therefore, cannot provide some of the recreational
opportunities sought by residents.
The County Parks and Recreation Department continues to strengthen its cooperative
relationship with the school system in the design, development, use and maintenance of school
recreational facilities. This relationship is critical in the overall delivery of park and recreation
facilities Countywide and includes recreational land of 76 acres at elementary schools, 175 acres at
middle schools and 168 acres at the high school level. Elementary and middle schools make up the
majority of the school recreation space consistently available for after school community use and
represents 1.9 acres of parkland per 1,000 persons. The high school utilization policies should be
looked at more closely for additional after school community-use opportunities since they have the
possibility of representing an additional 2.6 acres of recreational land per 1,000 population.
Conversely, the County historically has not developed nor maintained any Neighborhood
Parks and presently no County park has been accounted for in this category. However, many
Neighborhood Parks exist through neighborhood homeowner's associations. There is estimated to
be approximately 1,400 acres of homeowner association owned property in the County, some of
which is utilized for Neighborhood Parks.
Existing Facilities
In order to achieve the long range goals of the Parks and Recreation Department, it is
necessary to review the inventory of current park lands and facilities to determine acceptable level
20
of service standards for park lands and facilities and to then establish a strategic plan for the
identification of new park and recreation facilities as the County grows.
In 2006, there was a total of 620 acres of County parkland operated by the Spotsylvania
County Department of Parks and Recreation. Additionally, it is estimated that there are
approximately 186 acres of School Board community park land available for community use at
elementary, middle, and high school sites.
Classification
Park and recreation areas are classified according to their service area, size, primary function
and the facilities (passive and active) that they may offer. A passive park is an outdoor facility, or
portion of an outdoor facility that is used for passive recreational activities, such as pedestrian
activities, hiking, and jobbing, or serves as or features, an historical, cultural, ecological, or
archeological attraction. A passive park does not include organized competitive activities, except
events for uses allowable within a passive park. Generally a passive park is maintained in a natural
state, except for minimal clearing for paths, trails, sitting area, walkways or auxiliary structures. In
urban settings, passive parks may have more hardscape, open lawn, and landscaped areas which
may be used for informal group activities. Examples of passive park features may include trails or
walkways for hiking, walking, horseback riding, bicycling; informal areas used for concerts, areas for
photography, nature studies, educational studies, or fishing; ecological areas and nature
interpretive programs, nature centers, and picnic areas which may include shelters, scenic
overlooks, and restrooms. An active park refers to any outdoor facility that includes the following
facilities or facility types: athletic fields, building or structures for recreational activities, concession,
community garden, courses or courts, children’s play area, dog play area, swimming area, or a bike
path. Allows for uses such as organized team sports or serves as or features a cultural, historical
or archeological attraction; and is open to the public.
Accordingly, Spotsylvania County has identified its four (4) park types as follows:
• Community Parks: Community Parks are recreation areas (.25-50 acres) that provide a
wide range of activities (i.e. sport fields, tennis courts, multi-use courts, basketball courts,
open play fields, picnic area, shelters, playground, restrooms and parking). The service
area of Community Parks is approximately 1 - 6 miles depending upon the degree of
suburbanization or rural character of the community it serves. When possible, Community
Parks should be located near its center of community service area, with good and
convenient transportation access.
A multitude of activities must be provided by this intensive use recreational facility. A

community center can be the focal point of the park. Organized activities and supervised
play are administered from this point. Other activities are grouped in the surrounding
area. Their location depends on the natural terrain, need for control and vehicular access.
Any existing natural qualities, topography, water features, trees, etc., should be
preserved as natural buffers between activity areas, as well as to protect the recreational
environment from surrounding incompatible influences. These natural elements also
should be used to provide a space for more passive forms of recreation such as nature
walks, picnicking and fishing. It can better serve a widely dispersed population than two
or three smaller sites. Community Parks usually meet most of the close-to-home
recreational needs of most localities.
21
• School-Community Use Parks: School-Community Use Parks are similar to Community
Parks in that they are larger recreation areas (approximately 10 acres) that provide the
sport fields, playgrounds, multi-purpose/basketball courts, multi-purpose rooms,
restrooms and parking as basic elements of the schools but also have been increased in
acreage to allow for passive as well as expanded active recreation facilities. They are
designed to be jointly operated and maintained by the school system and recreation
department. The service area and facility designs of the School-Community Use Parks
should coincide with the elementary and middle school service areas that are generally 2-
6 miles depending upon the degree of suburbanization or rural character of the
community they serve.
While the Spotsylvania County School Board's primary mission is providing for the
primary education of Spotsylvania school children an inherent part of the education
system is physical fitness. To this end, the School Board provides multi-purpose rooms,
gymnasiums, playgrounds, sport fields, tennis courts, basketball courts, etc. on school
grounds and by allowing for the use of its lands and facilities to the community through
the Parks and Recreation Departments affords County residents various park and
recreation opportunities. The School-Community Use Park areas range in size from 2-11
acres at elementary schools; 3-40 acres at middle schools; and 14-104 acres at high
schools.
• District Parks: District Parks are large (usually 100+ acres) specialized parks that serve a
wide geographic area of the county and provide a diverse mix of facilities such as
swimming pools and recreation centers (to which people are more willing to travel a
longer distance) as well as the multiple facilities found within Community or School-
Community Use Parks. The service area of District Parks is within 5-15 miles depending
on the level of suburbanization or rural character. Spotsylvania County owns three
District Parks: Loriella Park which is 206 acres in size, Patriot Park, which is 131 acres in
size, and the Hilldrup tract which is 65 acres in size and undeveloped. They have a
service area of approximately 5-15 miles depending upon the suburbanization or rural
character for which it serves.
District Parks should be located near the center of their service area. They should be on
or near a major collector street providing good access to the facility. The site should also
be accessible by pedestrians and bicycles.
• Special Use Parks: Special Use Parks are highly specialized recreation areas that serve
the entire county. Generally, they provide unique activities such as marinas, trails, historic
areas, golf courses, dog parks, roller skating/skateboarding, amphitheaters, or other
facilities generally not offered by the other park categories. These may exist
independently or may be developed in combination with other parks.
22
Existing Public Park & Recreation Areas
Park Active Passive Total Acres
District Parks
Hilldrup (Tract) - presently undeveloped - - 65
Loriella 61 147 208
Patriot Park 40 91 131
Subtotal District Parks 404
Community Parks
Arritt 14 12.5 26.5
Virginia Central Trail 2 3.5 5.5
Chewning 7.5 2.5 10
Cosner 9 2 11
Harrison Road 10 12 22
Lee Hill 6.5 13.5 20
Legion Fields/Marshall 22 2 24
Marshall 14 11 25
Mary Lee Carter Park 3.5 0.5 4.0
Subtotal Community Parks 148
Special Use Parks

Berkeley Community Center – 2,640 square feet 2 3 5
Chancellor Community Center – 2,210 square feet 1 0 1
Harrison Road Community Center – 2,700 square feet 1 0 1
Huntington Run Recreation Area 0 27 27
Lee Hill Community Center – 6,500 square feet - - -
Marshall Center 3 1 4
Ni River Recreation Area 1 4 5
Belmont Park 0 23 23
Todds Tavern Community Center – 1,120 square feet 2 0 2
Subtotal Special Use Parks 68
TOTAL COUNTY PARK ACREAGE 620
23
Standards
Acres Per 1,000 Population Utilizing an acres per 1,000 population standard balances the
site's size with the population in its service area to assure adequate and equal service across the
county regardless of varying population densities within suburban and rural areas.
It is also necessary to distinguish between active and/or developable park areas from
passive and/or less developable park areas for each park. The Spotsylvania Park Plan
encourages both active and passive areas within each park for the overall enjoyment of our
residents. In addition, passive areas within County owned parks help to manage critical open
space and environmentally sensitive lands throughout the County.
Parkland Acquisition Standards
The following depicts the five basic park categories in Spotsylvania County and their
associated open space standards.
Spotsylvania County Park Standards
Type Acres/1,000 Size (Acres) Service Area
Community 3 Total (2 Active/1 Passive) .25 - 50 Acres 1 - 6 Miles
School-Community Use 3 Total (2 Active/1 Passive 10 - 50 Acres** 2 - 6 Miles
District 4 Total (2 Active/2 Passive) 100+ Acres 5 - 15 Miles
Special Use Unspecified Unspecified County Wide
**School-Community Use acres are only those acres on school sites designated for recreational
use. In addition, acreage and facilities should be in proportion to the school age population they
serve.
Minimum Population within Park Service Areas
Although some areas of the County are not served by one or more kinds of parks, this does
not mean park acquisition efforts in these areas are necessarily warranted. Before a commitment
is made to the acquisition of any given park facility, a minimum population base is to be projected
within the facility's service radius within 20 years. This is important to ensure that the facility will
be sufficiently utilized and the acres per 1,000 population standard is not exceeded even if a
facility of the minimum size is acquired and developed.
Based on standards for minimum site size and acres per 1,000 population, the following
minimum populations must be projected within a proposed park's exclusive service area within 20
years before park acquisition is warranted.
24
Park Category Minimum Population Required
Community 7,000
District 25,000
Park Acquisition Standards
2000 2005 BY 2020

SPOTSYLVANIA 2000 2000
PARK TYPE NEEDS NEEDS NEEDS
STANDARD DEMAND INVENTORY
(90,300) (110,500) (201,000)
.25 – 50 acres 11 Parks 9 Parks 4 Parks 7 Parks 15 Parks
Community 3 acres / 1000
270 acres 142 acres 128 acres 189 acres 461 acres
pop.
5 – 50 acres X 26 Schools X X X
School-Community
(Elementary/Middle) 3 acres / 1000
270 acres 378 acres X X 225 acres
pop.
100 + acres 3 3 X X 3
District Parks 4 acres / 1000
324 acres 427 acres X 442 acres 377 acres
pop.
25
Facility Standards
As with park land needs, standards for recreation facilities should be formulated to plan for
recreation needs and serve as a basis for capital planning as well as proffer guidelines. The
following chart shows the recommended County facility standards that have been derived from
national and state standards.
NATIONAL SPOTSYLVANIA
FACILITY STATE STANDARD
STANDARD STANDARD
Baseball Field 1/5,000 1/6,000 1/3,000
(Lighted Regulation) - - (1/30,000)
(Lighted Little League) - - (1/30,000)
Basketball 1/5,000 1/5,000 1/5,000
(Indoor) - - (1/5,000)
(Outdoor) - - (1/10,000)
Bike/Fitness Trails 1 System/Region 3.5 Miles/1,000 1 Mile/1,000
Community Center - - 1/15,000
Field Hockey - - 1/20,000
Football 1/20,000 1/10,000 1/10,000
Golf - 9 Holes/25,000 9 Holes/25,000
Horseshoes - - 1/10,000
Indoor Recreation Center/

- - 1/50,000
Pool Complex
Lacrosse - - 1/25,000
Playgrounds 1/5,000 - 1/5,000
Soccer 1/10,000 1/5,000 1/3,000
Softball 1/5,000 1/3,000 1/5,000

(Lighted Adult) - - (1/30,000)
Swimming Pool 1/20,000 1/15,000 1/20,000
Tennis 1/2,000 1/2,000 1/2,000

(Lighted) - - (1/10,000)
26
Findings
• The combined inventory of school board property available for after school use together
with Spotsylvania County Parks totals 910 acres or 7.6 acres per 1,000 population
versus the recommended 10 acres per 1,000 population.
• Based on County adopted standards, the most pressing current need for additional
park land exists for the acquisition of four community size (10-50 acres) parks totaling
128 acres.
• Based on County adopted standards, the most pressing current needs for additional
park and recreation facilities can be accommodated on already acquired acreage on
the Belmont Park, Patriot Park and Hilldrup Tracts and surplus school property.
• The Spotsylvania School System provision of recreation field areas has helped balance
the need for community size parks.
Recommendations
Because of this plan's strategy for homeowner association provided neighborhood park
facilities together with the uniqueness of sites associated with special use parks, the following
short and long term recommendations focus on the current and future needs for public parks
including community, school/community use and district parks. Additionally, the joint work of the
County Board of Supervisors and the School Board has led to innovative and cost effective
approaches to school facility design that serves both the educational needs of our students as
well as new facility standards that maximize the cost effectiveness of school construction for after
school use.
The following are general recommendations for the provision of local public park areas. The
general location of proposed public park areas based on land acquisition needs, service area
needs and the population served are shown on the enclosed park map.
General
• Encourage VDOT to construct bicycle lanes and/or paths in conjunction with road
widening projects.
• Formally adopt a school/park and recreation policy that would include the following:
a. Provide for specific facility standards and designs for all community type
use facilities at new school sites.
b. Provide for the Park & Recreation Department's operational &
maintenance agreements.
c. Provide for an agreed upon short and long range plan for the
improvement and expansion of community use facilities, where feasible,
at existing school sites including use of available high school lands.
d. Future site acquisitions by either the School Board or the Parks &
Recreation Department will be considered for joint or complementary
use.
• Consider additional public/private partnerships or any other joint opportunities in the

delivery of park and recreation service delivery similar to the YMCA/School Board/
County partnership at the Patriot Park District Park.
• Provide an annual CIP submission of needed facilities based on adopted standards.
27
Short Term 2008 – 2013
By the year 2008 the Patriot Park District Park should be completed. Minor infrastructure items
(shelters, dog parks, etc.) should be added as needed.
By the year 2008 the Hunting Run Recreation Area should be in full operation as a passive park
with access to fishing. Trails and environmental interpretation stations should be added as
deemed appropriate.
By the year 2009 the development of a master plan for the Hilldrup property should be developed
for the two construction phases for 2010 and 2011.
In the year 2009 field upgrades are scheduled to occur to school athletic fields to improve their
current design for use by the public.
In the years 2013 and 2014 five community parks should be developed in the county.
An emphasis should be placed on the current utilization of the parks with installation of artificial
lighting to enhance the availability of current athletic fields.
An emphasis should be placed on the acquisition and development of the planned school
construction so to include the provision for additional school/community use facilities. This can
continue to assist the offset of the County goal of ten park acres per 1,000 population.
The current availability of surplus vacant or underutilized land at existing school sites should be
considered for the many parks and recreation facility needs of County residents. Development of
such park and recreation facilities at the existing school sport facilities at all schools.
Long Term 2013-2025
The acquisition and development of Community parks and District parks should occur based on
population estimates.
The acquisition and development of all new schools should include the provision for
school/community use facilities.
Level of Service Standards for Parks and Recreation Space
New development presents demands for Countywide parks and open space facilities. It is
important that Spotsylvania County provide both current and future residents adequate recreation
services that meet current and future demand according to established levels of service. The
future demand for parks, open space, and recreation facilities must be measured, and means
must be identified for maintaining the established Countywide level of service for these important
services after new development occurs.
All applications for a rezoning or special use permit for residential dwelling units shall
contain the following information:
• Number of dwelling units proposed.
28
• Number of new residents anticipated in the proposed residential development.
• Names, locations and type of parks and park facilities serving the project area.
It shall be determined that LOS standards have been met if the following conditions are
met:
• The applicant can dedicate a park site or park sites, dedicate park facilities, provide
adequate recreation sites and /or facilities on-site to address the identified shortfall, or
funding for parks and park facilities, or a combination of one or more of these
alternative mitigation measures, so long as that the voluntary proffers are acceptable to
the Spotsylvania County Parks and Recreation Department. Alternatively the applicant
can provide a monetary contribution in an equitable amount to provide park and
recreation facilities, at the established LOS standards contained in the Parks and Open
Space Plan.
Rezoning and/or special use permit applications that are found by the County to generate a
shortfall between the new demand and existing and projected and already funded parks and park
facilities without committing to mitigation measures that are acceptable to the County shall be
found inconsistent with the Parks and Open Space Plan.
outlined in the zoning evaluation and Proffer Policy Guide for Spotsylvania County.
29
Library Facilities
Introduction
The Central Rappahannock Regional Library (CRRL) is a regional public library system
serving the City of Fredericksburg and the Counties of Spotsylvania, Stafford, and Westmoreland.
It is governed by a seven-member Library Board appointed by the participating jurisdictions. The
regional library was established in 1969 by the Commonwealth of Virginia as a model system to
demonstrate the value of regional resource sharing between cooperating jurisdictions.
The CRRL system consists of a Headquarters facility, six (6) branches, and a bookmobile,
connected by daily courier service and an extensive regional catalog and database system. The
Headquarters houses special collections for the system including Virginiana, Law, and the
regional Library of Congress Collection for the visually impaired. The administration is also
located in the Headquarters, as well as centralized acquisitions, outreach, cataloging, account
services, graphics, network services, and the circulation department. Two (2) of the branches are
located within Spotsylvania County. The C. Melvin Snow Branch was opened in 1998 and the
Salem Church Branch was opened in 1994.
Existing Facilities
Below is a listing of the existing library facilities directly serving Spotsylvania County and
their capacities in terms of overall floor space together with the current total of materials at each
branch, as well as the system holdings available to Spotsylvania residents.
Branch Gross Sq. Ft. of Floor Space Total Books/ Materials
A. Spotsylvania Courthouse
4,500 42,611
(Snow Library)
B. Salem Church 25,000 ∗ 99,968
C. Central Library 12,300 ** 231,544

Total Library Facilities in Prox-
imity (includes Fredericksburg 41,800 374,123
and Spotsylvania)
Findings
• The current square feet of floor space for Spotsylvania Library facilities including Snow,
Salem Church (including the upcoming addition of 10,000 sq. ft.), and one third of the
Headquarters, is 41, 800 sq. ft.
• The current overall level of service is 0.34 square foot per capita for Spotsylvania
County Library facilities based on the 2007 population estimate of 123,645.
∗
In 2005 Spotsylvania voters approved a 4.3 million dollar referendum to ad 10,000 sq. ft. to the Salem
Church Branch. This addition, expected to be completed in 2008, will bring the Salem Church Branch to a
total of 25,000 sq. ft.
**
The Headquarters facility, used jointly by residents in the City of Fredericksburg, Stafford, and
Spotsylvania Counties is 36,900 sq. ft. For purposes of space analysis, 12,300 sq. ft. is attributed to the
total square footage of each jurisdiction.
30
Standards
The recommended minimum standards for Virginia Public Libraries are approved and
adopted by the Virginia State Library and are adopted by the Central Rappahannock Regional
Library Board. These standards are the recommended standards for localities in the
Commonwealth for the provision of library services in each locality. Spotsylvania County citizens
benefit from participation in the Central Rappahannock Regional Library system and as such
have the opportunity to access the collections, resources, staff expertise, technology, and
databases of a much larger library. The system was recognized in American Libraries Magazine
as one of the top ten public libraries in the nation of its size in the cost efficient delivery of a broad
range of user services.
Level of Service
The Library of Virginia Board Summary of Standards:
1. Service Criteria
A. Collection 2 to 4 books/materials per capita
B. Buildings 0.6 to 1 square foot per capita
C. Location (Rural) 15 - 30 minute drive (15 - 20 mile radius)
D. Location (Urban/Suburban) 5 - 15 minute drive (2 - 6 mile radius)
The selection of sites for library facilities should take into consideration geographic
obstacles to transportation. All buildings should be on or near heavily traveled roads, or in or near
shopping areas and be clearly visible to traffic.
2. Space Requirements
The following guidelines should be used in determining space requirements:
• Aggregate size of all buildings in the system should equal at least 0.6 square feet
per person living in the jurisdiction served.
• Adequate space should be provided for planning activities (e.g., children's story
hour, community meeting space and computer stations.)
• Include sufficient space within its service area to stay within the following
thresholds:
• A minimum of 4 check-out per square foot per month in any single
facility
• A maximum of 1 patron visit per square foot per month to any single
facility
• A maximum of 5 books per square foot housed in any single full
service facility.
Beyond these thresholds, library space in the community should be increased, either through
additional facilities or expansion of existing facilities, as appropriate.
31
3. Location Criteria
The goal of the library system is to provide County citizens convenient access to high-
quality library services at a minimum overall service level of 0.6 square feet of floor space per
capita. The following are location objectives:
• Provide new facilities to adequately and equitably serve all areas of the County.
Schedule library land acquisition and/or construction to respond to both current unmet
demand and new growth when it occurs.
• Provide locations for libraries that are within a 5 to 15-minute drive within the Primary
Development boundary and within a 15 to 30-minute drive within the rural area of the
County.
• Sites should be located along main travel corridors with consideration of minimizing
users’ drive time. The site should be chosen to support the mission of providing library
material and services to the greatest number of people.
• Generally library sites should be at least 5 acres in size to allow for a full size branch
and adequate parking.
• An alternative to construction of new facilities is to establish new libraries in leased
commercial spaces such as shopping centers. In Fredericksburg and other locations,
public libraries serve as anchor stores and can draw one to two thousand patrons a
day. Branches could be located within the proposed mixed-use development areas
proposed on the County’s Future Land Use Map.
4. Site Selection
Library site selection should follow a reasonable and systematic process for comparative
analysis of potential sites using the following criteria:
1. Convenience and accessibility to the maximum number of users.
2. Sufficient land for the building (including future expansion), landscaping and
parking.
3. High visibility from major vehicular and pedestrian access routes.
4. Proximity to compatible traffic-generating land uses, with evaluation similar to
the needs for commercial retail business.
5. Topography and soil conditions.
6. Possibility of hidden obstacles below grade, such as buried foundations of
previous structures, toxic wastes, fuel tanks, etc.
7. Availability.
8. Cost of site acquisition and preparation.
5. Parking Requirements
Library facilities should have adequate parking to accommodate library users and staff at
peak service times. Guidelines include:
1. At a minimum, there should be 5 parking spaces per thousand square
feet of building space. Suburban locations, particularly those with large
meeting rooms, should be 7 parking spaces per thousand square feet of
library space.
2. At a minimum, there should be one space for handicapped parking for
every 25 spaces.
3. Library parking should be well lit for the security of library users and staff.
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4. Library parking should be located adjacent to the library building to
provide maximum convenience for the library user.
5. Space and traffic flow for drive up book drops should be provided
adjacent to the staff work areas.
6. Space for a public bus stop, visiting school buses, and passenger pickup
and drop off should be allotted in the front of the building.
7. Adequate space for courier trucks and semi unloading adjacent to a
loading dock by the staff works areas should be included.
8. Pedestrian walkways, sidewalks, street crossings, and curbs should be
incorporated into the surrounding landscape.
6. Recommendations
For the purposes of the Public Facilities Plan, library floor space is the key level of service
indicator. The plan for library system expansion is based on the County’s overall floor space
needs of 0.6 square feet per capita, together with the location criteria of a 15-30 mile radius for
rural residents and a 2-6 mile radius for urban/suburban residents. The following
recommendations are based on this analysis.
Current
There is a current unmet demand for approximately 29,716 square feet of library facility
space based on Spotsylvania County's current population of 119,194 persons.
Short Term 2007-2012
• A new 30,000 square foot branch in the Lee Hill/Massaponax area should be
constructed to meet unmet needs by 2012.
• If the new 30,000 square foot Lee Hill/Massaponax branch opens by the year 2012,
unmet needs will be approximately 7,160 square feet based on the 2012 population
projection of 131,600 for Spotsylvania.
Long Term 2012-2030
With the Lee Hill/Massaponax Branch, by the year 2030 a total expansion of 40,974 square
feet of public library space will still be needed based on the Spotsylvania population projection of
187,957.
• In addition to the construction of a new Lee Hill/Massaponax area (minimum 30,000

square feet) that will be needed, priority consideration should be given for:
1. A Route 3 West/Chancellor area facility (30,000 square feet)
2. An expanded facility for the existing Snow Branch, adding 13,000 square feet
for a total of 16,000 square feet.
3. A Lake Anna facility (minimum of 5,000 square feet)
4. A Berkeley/Livingston area facility (minimum 5,000 square feet)
5. Due to the long range population growth projections an additional library
facility should be considered for the Thornburg area (minimum of 20,000
square feet).
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Solid Waste Collection & Disposal
Introduction
The Spotsylvania County Department of Public Works prepares a Solid Waste

Management Plan every five years in accordance with the Virginia State Code. This plan deals
with all aspects of solid waste management from operation of the landfill, to the development of
convenience sites, and to the development of recycling and other educational programs. The
objectives of this plan are to protect the health, safety and the welfare of the citizens of
Spotsylvania by providing for and planning for the present and future solid waste disposal needs
for the County. It is the intent of the County to provide these services as efficiently and
economically as possible. The plan minimizes the amount of solid waste disposed of in the
County's landfill by providing an integrated plan of recycling and education. This will serve to
maximize the life span of the existing landfill and promote the effective and efficient use of limited
natural resources. The information contained in this section is derived from that plan.
Existing Facilities
Spotsylvania County operates one landfill facility in the southern part of the County. It is
located north of State Route 602 and east of State Route 208 approximately 3 miles southeast of
Brokenburg. The entire site covers approximately 538 acres, with 250 acres ultimately proposed
for disposal of municipal solid waste. Currently 85 acres are permitted for use as a landfill under
the authority of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. This is designated as Phase 1.
Of the 85 acres permitted as Phase 1, 55 acres will be actual disposal area with the
remainder to be used for roads, drainage area, and buffers. The facility is designed with a
capacity of 5.4 million cubic yards. This total includes 310,000 cubic yards of final cover (cap,
cushion, and topsoil), 220,000 cubic yards of liner and drainage layers, 968,000 cubic yards of
daily and intermediate cover and 3.87 million cubic yards of waste. The current waste stream is
approximately 60,000 tons annually or 164 tons per day. Under current volumes (164 tons per
day) site life will be approximately 16 years.
A second disposal facility, the Berkeley debris landfill was closed in the fall of 1994 under
the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality regulations. A synthetic cap covers the landfill
area and methane gas vents are in place. The site has wells for monitoring potential ground water
contamination. Berkeley now operates as a convenience site only.
A third area in the County of significant importance to solid waste disposal is the Chancellor
Public Use area. This facility collects approximately 30,000 tons of waste per year. This is the
County's primary yardwaste collection and mulch production facility. In 2006 approximately
10,200 tons of mulch were generated.
Spotsylvania County maintains a comprehensive solid waste disposal program that

includes the disposal of household, commercial and industrial waste. The residential component
of the stream comprises approximately 70% of the waste that is placed in the landfill. The
remainder consists of business/commercial/industrial waste (30%). Pursuant to Virginia State
Code sanitary landfills are forbidden to accept certain specific wastes. When a landfill receives a
permit, it is specifically designed for each municipality. The County Code further bans specific
waste from being placed in the landfill (Table 1).
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Table 1
Waste Materials Diverted from the Landfill
Aluminum Phone Books
Anti-freeze Propane
Cardboard Scrap Metals
Glass Tires
Newsprint Used Clothing
Magazines White Ledger Paper
Motor Oil Yard Waste
Plastics Household Hazardous Waste
Currently, residents of the County are provided with 13 drop off or convenience sites,
including the landfill itself, located at various locations throughout the County. The sites have
designated areas for household waste as well as specific containers for different recyclable
materials. Table 2 identifies the individual convenience sites. Along with the convenience sites
there are four collection or green box sites spread throughout the County. The convenience sites
are different from the collection or green box sites in that they have attendants. The green box
sites or collection sites are merely those sites with dumpsters available for the public to utilize for
the disposal of household waste as well as some recyclables. These collection sites are located
in the Belmont area, off US Rt. 522, the Pigeon Creek area and at the Dickinson Sawmill.
Table 2
Spotsylvania County Convenience Sites
Convenience Site Location

The Barn Lewiston Road
Belmont Belmont Road
Berkeley Public Use Area Standfield Road
Chancellor Public Use Area Harrison Road
Chewning Park Post Oak Rd
Cole Hill Creek Partlow Road
Lee Hill Lee Hill School Drive
Livingston Landfill Massey Road
Marshall Park Massaponax Church Road
Mine Road Mine Road
Post Oak Post Oak Road
Todds Tavern Brock Road
Wilderness Orange Plank Road
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Spotsylvania County has been providing voluntary drop off facilities for recycling since
1989. Spotsylvania County built a recycling center in 1992 at a cost of $63,000. The center is
equipped with a loading dock, horizontal bailer and other equipment necessary to process
material to market specifications. Currently the cost of operating the recycling center is only
slightly more than the revenue generated although the County aggressively pursues markets for
these recyclable materials. Besides contracting with brokerage houses and multi-product
processors the County also identifies and contracts with end-users of the various recycled
materials.
Per development of the Biosolids Management Plan, Spotsylvania County adopted the
composting process as the choice method to stabilize its biosolids. In 2001, the County
committed to composting their biosolids, which also requires some materials from the mulching
program. The composting facility is located at the Livingston Landfill and encompasses
approximately two acres of the County’s property. The composting process for the Spotsylvania
County Livingston Landfill Compost Site is the aerated static pile (ASP
Tree trimmings, logs and brush are collected at the public convenience sites and
periodically ground to provide the bulking agent required for the composting program. In 2003,
the compost was registered with the United States Compost Seal of Testing Assurance Program.
This program certifies through rigorous testing that the product not only achieves class A criteria
according to the US EPA Part 503 regulations, but that it meets growing standards of quality for
attributes such as particle size, stability, and soluble salt content to name a few. In that same
year, the product was registered as a fertilizer with the Virginia Department of Agriculture. The
compost was later trademarked as Livingston’s Blend and marketed/distributed with information
regarding proper applications.
Future Expectations
Continued growth in the County whether it is commercial, industrial or residential will put
additional pressure on the existing landfill and the convenience sites. While the current waste
stream directed to the landfill is 164 tons per day it will undoubtedly increase along with the
increase in development. It is estimated that the waste stream will be approximately 172 tons per
day by the year 2012 provided the waste stream grows at a similar rate as the population. This
will still allow the landfill to remain open well into the next century.
Additional population will require additional convenience sites that are convenient and
readily accessible to the population concentrations. The existing convenience sites may need to
be expanded and the remaining collection sites will need to be closed and replaced with
convenience sites although not necessarily on a one for one basis.
Location Criteria
The existing landfill will suffice for the next 25 years approximately and thus will not need
replacement for at least that period. Convenience sites should be located according to the
following criteria.
• Convenience sites should be located so that travel distance for users is kept to a
minimum, preferably not more than five miles. Maintaining the five-mile service area
will aid in improving the curbside recycling and trash pick-up.
• Convenience sites should not be located on arterial or major collector roads.
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• Convenience sites should be located at joint use sites such as fire/rescue stations or
other public facilities.
• Convenience sites should be located on roads readily accessible to the large vehicles
required to service them.
Design Criteria
• Convenience sites should be a minimum of two acres in area in order to accommodate

parking, stacking and staging areas as well as the waste collection facilities. The sites
should be of adequate size to expand if necessary.
• Sites should be located in areas that will allow for adequate screening of the facilities
from adjacent land uses.
Findings
• The existing landfill has a remaining life span of approximately 30 years and additional
landfill capacity should not be needed until after 2015.
• The State mandates a recycling rate of 25%. Combining household and business rates
Spotsylvania currently recycles 31% of the waste generated.
• Household waste makes up approximately 70% of the waste stream directed to the
landfill. Commercial, industrial and business make up the remaining 30%.
Recommendations
The following are recommendations for the provision of adequate solid waste facilities. The
general location of any future solid waste facilities based on unmet demand, service area needs
and increases in development density are shown on the accompanying solid waste facility map.
Short term (2007-2012)
• The existing wood waste recycling area should be relocated at the existing site or
moved to a new site to allow for expansion and efficient operation.
Long term (2007-2022)
• An additional convenience site should be developed in the Massaponax area, replacing

the existing Mine Road and Lee Hill Convenience Sites.
An additional site should be developed in the Chancellor area generally west of Five-Mile Fork.
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Water and Sewer Facilities
Overview
The Water and Sewer Master Plan, adopted in 2002 as an Element of the Comprehensive
Plan, identifies areas for expansion and establishes a timeline for implementation. It is an axiom
of planning that development follows water and sewer lines, as well as roads. When these
facilities are upgraded in response to growth pressures, their improvement can stimulate further
development. That development will increase demands on schools, recreation programs,
emergency services, and other services in a continuing cycle of growth, demand, service
provision, and more growth.
Ensuring that the provision of community facilities and public services is phased with
demand is a major aim of any Comprehensive Planning process. Spotsylvania County, like many
rapidly growing municipalities, faces a dual challenge regarding the provision of community
services. Recent growth has created service deficiencies which must be accommodated.
However, development intensity and location are directly linked to the availability of services. The
true challenge to Spotsylvania County in the future will be to balance this relationship through
policies which will allow growth to occur commensurate with the provision of community services.
One of the most effective tools for directing the timing and location of growth is the
establishment of a Primary Development Boundary to define the area within which public
utilities will be provided. Utility services will not be provided by the County outside of the Primary
Development Boundary, where development is discouraged. By establishing a Primary
Development Boundary, the County will encourage more efficient use of the land while preserving
the rural character of those portions of the County outside the boundary. The Primary
Development Boundary encompasses the Primary Settlement District, Jackson Gateway and
Courthouse Development Districts as delineated in the Spotsylvania County Comprehensive
Plan. This boundary is not permanent and can be adjusted when conditions warrant in
conjunction with a formal Comprehensive Plan Amendment.
Rezonings outside of the Primary Development Boundary and other properties desiring to
connect to public sewer and/or water shall require a Comprehensive Plan amendment, except for
instances pursuant to Spotsylvania County Utility Ordinance (Spotsylvania County Code Section
22-282).
The extension of service pursuant to the above mentioned Utility Ordinance shall not be
justification to support a rezoning either to the property served or to the vacant land passed by
through such extension regardless of utility line location.
Existing Water Service
The Spotsylvania County water system, serving about 27,000 customers with drinking
water in the County and providing bulk water to the City of Fredericksburg, has undergone
dramatic changes since the acceptance of the original 1994 Water/Sewer Master Plan. Over the
course of the past eleven years the County, in partnership with the City of Fredericksburg, has
developed a regional water supply, treatment and distribution system to serve the five pressure
zones in Spotsylvania County and three zones in the City of Fredericksburg. This action
represents a fundamental shift in water production and delivery within both municipalities.
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The County’s water distribution system has seen significant growth in recent years,
especially with the installation and operation of the Motts Run Water Treatment Plant (WTP). This
plant, owned by Spotsylvania County, serves both the County and the City of Fredericksburg, and
when placed into service significantly altered the operation of both systems.
Prior to the opening of the Motts Run WTP, Spotsylvania County operated the Ni Water
Treatment Facility. To augment water supply and distribution, the County received water from the
City of Fredericksburg Kenmore WTP, at three separate connections: Route 3 pump station, the
Lafayette Boulevard pressure reducing valve (PRV), and the Route 1 interconnection.
In the spring of 2000, the County placed the Motts Run WTP into service concurrent to the
City of Fredericksburg decommissioning the Kenmore WTP located along the Rappahannock
River. The City currently receives its primary water supply from the Motts Run Plant through a
connection at Fall Hill Avenue and continues to maintain two emergency connections to Stafford
County. The County currently manages water production and distribution at both the Ni and Motts
Run Treatment Facilities and has discontinued use of the Route 3 connection.
Spotsylvania County water system consists of the following principal features:
Ni Reservoir
The Ni Reservoir, the raw water supply to the adjacent Ni Water Treatment Plant, was
constructed in 1974 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil and Conservation Service. The
reservoir has a volume of 750 million gallons covering approximately 417 acres. The safe yield,
as defined by the Virginia Water Control Board, is 4.0 mgd annual average withdrawal. Safe yield
was re-calculated in 1999 during the 1998-1999 drought at 4.3 mgd; however, the 1998-1999
drought was not confirmed to be the drought of record.
The class 2 earth-fill dam at the Ni Reservoir is 45 feet high, and 1440 feet long. The dam
principle spillway is at an elevation of 237.5 feet, while the emergency spillway is at 247.7 feet.
Ni Water Treatment Plant
The Ni WTP was initially constructed in 1974 with a 1.0 mgd capacity; expanded in 1977 to
2.0 mgd; expanded again in 1981 to 4.0 mgd, and in 1993 underwent final expansion to its
current capacity of 6.0 mgd.
The Ni WTP includes a rapid mix facility, three parallel upflow clarification processes (1.0-
mgd Surburban, 2.0-mgd Crane-Cochran, and 3.0-mgd Superpulsator); mixed media filtration,
and clearwell storage. Carbon can be added to the raw water by a carbon feed. All raw water is
treated with lime and potassium permanganate, and polymer and liquid alum are added to the
rapid mix basin as a coagulant aid. Fluoride, chlorine and corrosion inhibitor are added at the
clearwell.
The clearwell storage consists of three separate rectangular facilities containing a total
volume of 0.4 million gallons. Raw water pumping consists of four 2-mgd raw water pumps, with
one used as a backup. The finished water pumping consists of four pumps - at 1300 gpm. An
additional 1400 gpm pump is stored and maintained at the plant to be utilized if one of the
installed pumps goes out of service for a prolonged period. Wastewater sludge generated at this
facility is pumped to the Massaponax WWTP, while the backwash water decant is dechlorinated
and returned to the Ni River below the dam.
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Before the Motts Run Water Treatment Plant was placed into service in 2000, the Ni WTP
served as the primary water supply to the County through a 16-inch main in the Five Mile Fork
pressure zone along Gordon Road.
Motts Run Reservoir
The Motts Run Reservoir was built in 1971, and was upgraded and improved in 2001. The
reservoir is located adjacent to the Rappahannock River; prior to 1995 it was owned and
maintained solely by the City of Fredericksburg. Currently, the reservoir is owned by the City of
Fredericksburg, but is jointly operated by the City of Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County.
The total reservoir volume, prior to modifications, is 1.3 billion gallons.
The existing dam is of earth-fill construction is approximately 100 feet in height and spans
700 feet in length. Planned modifications to the dam include replacement of two 10-inch intake
tower gates with two 24-inch sluice gates, slip lining the existing 48-inch conduit with 700 feet of
36-inch steel pipe, upgrading the emergency spillway, reshaping the dam, armoring the dam side
to reduce erosion, raising the crest of the dam 3.5 feet, and installing a blanket drain system on
the downstream side. Upon completion of the dam modifications, the reservoir will be capable of
supplying raw water to the Motts Run WTP or receiving water to be stored from the
Rappahannock Rive raw water pump station and intake. Safe yield of this reservoir varies based
on natural inflow assumptions, inflow pumping rates, and sedimentation and recreational storage
requirements. Applying conservative criteria and assumptions the safe yield has been estimated
to be between 3.5 and 4.0 mgd. The past safe yield studies of this reservoir are discussed in
Section 7.4 of this report.
Motts Run Water Treatment Plant and Intake on the Rappahannock River
The Motts Run water treatment facility and Rappahannock River raw water pumping station
were completed in the spring of 2000, as part of the County’s current water supply expansion
project. The current treatment plant capacity is 12 mgd expandable to 24 mgd.
The Rappahannock River Intake facilities consist of a 36-inch diameter raw water conduit
from a header system of three (expandable to four) cylindrical shoreline well screens to the raw
water pumping station. The riverbank inlet includes both de-icing and automatic air bursting
systems to maintain consistent intake flows. The raw water pumping station, located adjacent to
the intake has a Rappahannock River withdrawal capacity of 28 mgd. Raw water can either be
pumped to the Motts Run WTP via vertical turbine pumps or to the Motts Run Reservoir through
two 10-mgd vertical turbine pumps. As an alternative, water can also be released from the Motts
Run Reservoir into the Rappahannock River upstream of the intake structure or can be piped
directly to the raw water pumping station to be treated at the plant.
The Motts Run water treatment facility includes two contact basins and rapid mixers where
potassium permanganate, lime, carbon, polymer, and alum can be added. Clarification occurs
through four Actiflo flocculation and high rate settling systems. Five mixed media filters are
topped with GAC. The plant has 2.3-mg clearwell storage. Additional chemical feed systems
include chlorine for disinfection, caustic soda for pH adjustment, fluoridation, and corrosion
inhibitor. Wastewater sludge generated at this facility is pumped to the City of Fredericksburg
sanitary sewer system, while the supernatant from the sediment basins is dechlorinated with
sulfur dioxide and returned to the Motts Run Reservoir. The finished water high service pumping
station is atop the clearwell and houses six vertical turbine pumps. Three 3-mgd pumps provide
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water to the City of Frederickburg, and three pumps (two at 3-mgd and one at 6-mgd) provide
water to Spotsylvania County.
The Motts Run WTP serves Spotsylvania County through 7,500 feet of 30-inch
transmission main and the City of Fredericksburg through 10,000 feet of 24-inch main. The Motts
Run WTP Spotsylvania County high service pump station ties into the Five Mile Fork Zone at
Route 3 and the Battlefield Zone through a newly constructed 24-inch transmission main. The
City of Fredericksburg high service enters the Courtland Zone at the Fall Hill Avenue PRV vault.
Hunting Run Side-Stream Storage Reservoir and Intake on the Rapidan River
The Hunting Run water supply dam and side-stream reservoir was completed in November
of 2002. The total reservoir volume at normal pool elevation is 3.053 billion gallons and the safe
yield is 8 mgd. Water is released into the Rapidan River to supplement the Rappahannock River
during periods of low flow to allow continued river intake for the Motts Run WTP.
The Rapidan River intake facility consists of three screens and a 36-inch raw water conduit
to the raw water pumping station. The riverbank inlet includes both de-icing and automatic air
bursting systems. Raw water is pumped to the Hunting Run reservoir by three 8-mgd pumps. The
intake is fully automated and controlled from both the Ni WTP and the Motts Run WTP. During
water release from the reservoir, water travels through the same 36-inch water conduit back into
the Rapidan River, which drains to the Rappahannock River, and is then used as source water for
the Motts Run WTP through the Rappahannock River intake.
The Hunting Run reservoir dam will be a composite roller-compacted-concrete (RCC) and
earthfill construction. The proposed dam will be 2,300 feet long and 90 feet high with the top
elevation of the earth-fill at 259 feet, and the top elevation of the RCC at 259.8 feet at completion.
The spillway is 100 feet long with a 110-foot excavation height.
Five Mile Fork Pressure Zone
The Five Mile Fork pressure zone is supplied by the Motts Run WTP in the north, and by
the Ni WTP in the southwest. The Five Mile Fork zone is served by the 100,000 gallon Five Mile
Fork elevated storage tank (overflow elevation 481 feet). This elevated tank is being replaced
with a one million gallon Sawhill elevated tank in between the Ni River Middle and Wilderness
Elementary Schools. The hydraulic grade line (HGL) in this pressure zone will be controlled by
the Sawhill Tank at 481 feet.
American Central Pressure Zone
Development along the old American Central Railroad line, between the Fawn Lake
Subdivision and Brock Road Elementary School, receives its finished water supply through the
American Central booster pump station below Brock Road Elementary School, along the 12-inch
American Central water line. This area is higher than the 481 Five Mile Fork pressure zone and
is constantly boosted pressure to 531 feet by the water station. A new American Central
Elevated Tank has been designed to be located near Brock Road Elementary School at the 531
foot grade line.
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Battlefield Pressure Zone
The Battlefield pressure zone is supplied from the Five Mile Fork zone by three pressure
reducing valves (PRV). This zone normally operates at approximately 431 feet. This pressure
zone is served by the 250,000 gallon Battlefield Tank, the 250,000 gallon Courthouse Tank, the
250,000 gallon Tallant Tank, the 250,000 gallon Thornburg Tank, and the 1,000,000 gallon
Courtland Tank. The 2,000,000 gallon Mine Road ground storage tank and booster pumping
station can also provide water to this zone. A water transmission main, varying between 24- and
30-inches, has been completed from Motts Water Treatment Plant along Cherry, Harrison and
Leavells Roads, to Courthouse Road. The 24-inch line will be continued along Leavells Road
through Lee’s Park to Route 1. Additional storage between Thornburg and Four Mile Fork is
being evaluated to support development activities.
City Pressure Zone
The City pressure is owned and operated by Spotsylvania County, but is supplied through
two connections with the City of Fredericksburg Courtland pressure zone. The first connection is
a PRV located along Lafayette Boulevard (control grade 395 feet). The other connection is a 4-
inch diameter pipe segment along Route 1, which acts as a pressure reducing device. There are
currently no storage facilities within the City pressure zone.
Mine Road Pressure Zone
Water enters the Mine Road Zone from a PRV off the Battlefield Zone at Route 635 (control
grade 270 feet). In the past, the Mine Road Zone was served by the Lansdowne connection to
the City of Fredericksburg, but that connection is currently closed. The Mine Road pressure zone
contains a 2.0mg Mine Road ground storage tank (overflow elevation 267.33). When the tank fills,
overflow can be pumped to the Battlefield Zone. During the summer of 1999, an emergency 6-
inch connection was made to the City of Fredericksburg Zone at Artillery Ridge, which can be
supply approximately 800-gpm to the Mine Road tank for pumping to the Battlefield Zone.
Water Distribution System
The Spotsylvania County water distribution system consists of approximately 120 miles of
piping ranging in size up to 30 inches. Piping materials are typically polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for 6-
and 8-inch pipes and ductile iron pipe (DIP) for pipes greater than 8-inches in diameter. Also,
pipes installed between 1960 and 1979 are mostly cast iron, while pipes installed after 1980 are
mostly ductile iron.
The water distribution system is mapped on the County GIS system. New facilities are
updated on the GIS system to provide for Miss Utility locating, design of proposed extensions for
development and utility operations. System improvements are outlined in the Utility CIP and
coordinated with development activities. The Spotsylvania County and City of Fredericksburg
water distribution systems are combined for the purposes of hydraulic modeling.
City of Fredericksburg Distribution System
The City of Fredericksburg water distribution system is supplied by a 24-inch transmission

main from the Motts Run WTP to a PRV (control grade 425 feet) located along Fall Hill Avenue.
The Courtland Zone is the first to receive water, with a zone HGL of 395 feet. The Courtland Zone
has two tanks, one with a volume of 200,000 gallons and a second with a volume of 1.5 million
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gallons; both have overflow elevations at approximately 395 feet. As previously discussed, the
Courtland Zone supplies the Spotsylvania County City pressure zone through a PRV located on
Lafayette Boulevard and through a 4inch pipe segment along Route 1. The College pressure
zone is fed from the Courtland Zone through two PRV that reduce the pressure to approximately
268 feet, off which the College tank floats. The Downtown pressure zone is fed through the newly
installed Lafayette PRV (control grade 195 feet) located adjacent to the out-of-service Lafayette
pump station.
Existing Sewer Service
Spotsylvania County sewerage system consists of the following principal features:
Massaponax Wastewater Treatment Plant
The Massaponax WWTP was constructed in 1975 with 3.0-mgd capacity. It was expanded
in 1991 to 6.0-mgd capacity. A 2005 expansion to a high level BNR (biological nutrient removal)
8-mgd capacity is complete and operational. The plug flow BNR activated sludge process
includes deeper and more efficient aeration basins with anoxic/oxic zone fine pore aeration and
high performance clarifiers. Efficient odor control systems have been added in key areas such as
the headworks.
The wastewater treatment plant serves the Massaponax Creek drainage basin and
includes the pump-over from the American Central sewage collection system and a small part of
the upper Hazel Run drainage basin which is also pumped into the Massaponax Creek basin.
Facilities are in place to enable sewage from the Deep Run drainage basin to be pumped to the
Massaponax Creek drainage basin. Deep Run wastewater may also be treated at the FMC
WWTP. Construction has been completed for the Courthouse Area Sewage Pumping Station that
conveys sewage from the Courthouse Area to the Massaponax Creek interceptor.
FMC Wastewater Treatment Plant
The original FMC industrial WWTP began operation in 1967 to treat up to 8-mgd of process
wastewater from the production of cellophane. In 1978, the FMC Corporation viscose plant
ceased production and the industrial WWTP shut down and was abandoned. The plant was
purchased by the County in 1980 and in 1985 the plant was upgraded for municipal wastewater
treatment service for a design flow of 2.619-mgd. Sand filters were added in 1992 to increase
WWTP capacity to 4-mgd. In 1995 the FMC WWTP was further upgraded to enable the plant to
achieve new TKN limits at a 4-mgd capacity.
The FMC WWTP consists of preliminary treatment with screening and grit removal, lime
addition, biological treatment with extended aeration activated sludge, followed by clairification,
alum or polymer addition, tertiary filters, chlorination/dechlorination, and post aeration prior to
discharge. The solids handling includes aerobic digestion, thickening, belt filter press, centrifuge
as backup to the press, and final removal to the landfill.
The FMC WWTP has no gravity service area. Sewage from the City of Fredericksburg is
pumped to the plant. This includes a flow equal to that from the Hazel Run drainage basin that
flows by gravity into the City of Fredericksburg wastewater collection system. In addition, the City
has an option to pump an additional 1.5-mgd flow to the FMC WWTP. In addition, the FMC plant
receives flow from the Bowman Industrial Park and can receive discharge from the Deep Run
sewage pumping station.
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A 5.4-mgd upgrade to the FMC WWTP to achieve enhanced nutrient removal is under
design. A regional sewer operation with the City of Fredericksburg is being considered which
would increase the phased 5.4-mgd to 9.9-mgd with the decommissioning of the City’s 4.5-mgd
plant.
Thornburg Wastewater Treatment Plant
The Thornburg WWTP was constructed in 1972 with 60,000-gdp capacity. The WWTP was
expanded in 1990 to 345,000-gpd capacity. The Thornburg sewage collection system consists of
approximately 12,000 feet of 8-inch and 12-inch gravity sewer and 2,000 feet of 6-inch force
main. Service area includes travel-trade along the west side of the Thornburg Interchange of
Interstate 95 at Route 606 and residential and commercial customers along U.S. Route 1, Route
606 and Route 632 near the intersection of Route 1 and Route 606. Additionally, an industrial site
on the southeast corner of the interchanged is served by an 8-inch gravity sewer, 200-gpm
pumping station, and 6-inch force main that passes westward under Interstate 95.
Sewers and Interceptors
The sewer system is broken into collection sewers and four major interceptors. The
interceptors are defined by the drainage basins that they serve: Massaponax Creek, Hazel Run,
Deep Run, and Long Branch (which is a part of the Hazel Run drainage basin). The sewer
system includes 410 miles of gravity sewer and 30 miles of force main.
The Massponax Interceptor Replacement Sewer is a major capitol improvement project

that will replace the near capacity existing sewer along Massaponax Creek. The new interceptor
will parallel the existing sewer for approximately 18 miles (96,450 ft) along Massaponax Creek
from our Massaponax Wastewater Treatment Plant to the area of Route 3. The total construction
costs will exceed $50 million. The project is divided into 4 phases and a section entitled the
Thornburg Gravity Sewer Interceptor. The new sewer interceptors will range in size from 18” to
54” diameter pipe. Phase I and the Thornburg Gravity Sewer section of the project will be
completed at the end of August 2007. Phase II is under construction and due to be complete in
late summer of 2008. Phase III is expected to be bid in September of 2007 while Phase IV will be
bid in the spring of 2008. The entire project is schedule to be completed by 2010.
A regional pump station to serve the Jackson Gateway service area is being designed and
construction will be phased as needed based on demand.
All Spotsylvania County sewers and interceptors have been mapped on the County GIS
system.
Goals and Objectives
Goal: Provide a sufficient supply of high quality drinking water and a distribution system to serve
the domestic, recreational, industrial, commercial, and fire protection needs of the community at
the most economical price possible.
Objective: Supplement the existing supply of potable water and fire flow for Spotsylvania County
citizens.
44
Implementation Methods:
Utilize the Water/Sewer Master Plan to develop a comprehensive approach for the development
of new/ additional water sources.
Utilize the Water/Sewer Master Plan to develop a Capital Improvement Program so as to phase
water supply and fire flow improvements for designated County growth areas in a timely and cost
effective manner.
Continue to promote a Water Conservation Program throughout the County and protect the
County’s surface and groundwater supplies for the benefit of all.
Ensure that all new private development’s utility infrastructure is consistent with the Water/Sewer
Master Plan with the adoption and enforcement of ordinances and design guidelines.
Provide for a pro-rata cost sharing program with developers to find water improvements.
Goal: Provide for the adequacy of all new and existing sewage treatment that meets the needs of
the community in an environmentally safe manner and only in targeted growth areas of the
County.
Objective: Locate new or upgraded sewer facilities to support orderly and efficient development
within the Primary Settlement, Jackson Gateway and Courthouse Development Districts.
Implementation Methods:
Utilize the Water/Sewer Master Plan to provide a phased, prioritized program for the extension of
the County sewer system to identified development districts.
Utilize the Water/Sewer Master Plan to develop a Capital Improvement Program so to phase
sewer treatment improvements for designated County growth areas in a timely and cost efficient
manner.
Ensure that all new private development utility infrastructure is consistent with the Water/Sewer
Master Plan with the adoption and enforcement of ordinance and design guidelines.
Provide for a pro-rata cost sharing program with developers to fund sewer improvements.
45

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CHAPTER 7

PUBLIC FACILITIES ELEMENT

• Provide community facilities/services to serve existing and new development in an

Relationship to the Comprehensive Plan and County Growth Management Strategy:

Relationship to the Capital Improvements Program:

General Evaluation Criteria

Proximity to Related and Supporting Facilities

Condition and Obsolescence Assessment

Capacity in Relation to Present and Future Utilization

Supportive of Adopted Planning Policies

Public Facilities Plan Map

Service Area vs. Countywide Facilities

Key Objectives of the Public Facilities Plan

Year Population Managed Growth*

2010 134,163 126,490

2015 154,400 139,655

2020 175,402 154,190

2030 217,797 187,957

Facility Design and Location Standards

• Elementary Schools: 930-950 students/20-35 acres

• Consider realignment of Attendance Zones to best utilize existing facilities to

Short Term (2008-2013)

Level of Service Standards for Public School Facilities

Existing Number of Current Growth Rate Managed Growth

Elementary 17 21 (4) 23 (6)*

Middle 7 9 (2) 10 (3)*

High 5 7 (2) 7 (2)*

Total 29 37 (8) 40 (11)*

• Number and type(s) of dwelling unit(s) proposed

*Indicates joint use sites

Fire Company / Rescue Station 1 1,760

Fire Company / Rescue Station 2 639

Fire Company / Rescue Station 3 456

Fire Company / Rescue Station 4 5,021

Fire Company / Rescue Station 5 1,862

Fire Company / Rescue Station 6 3,448

Fire Company / Rescue Station 7 651

Fire Company / Rescue Station 8 917

Fire Company / Rescue Station 9 377

Fire Company / Rescue Station 10 Opening in 2008

a) one Pumper engine

Long Term (2013-2025)

Level of Service Standards for Fire and Rescue Services Facilities

• Number of residential units proposed.

Spotsylvania County is fortunate to have the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National

A multitude of activities must be provided by this intensive use recreational facility. A

Park Active Passive Total Acres

Hilldrup (Tract) - presently undeveloped - - 65

Loriella 61 147 208

Patriot Park 40 91 131

Subtotal District Parks 404

Arritt 14 12.5 26.5

Virginia Central Trail 2 3.5 5.5

Chewning 7.5 2.5 10

Lee Hill 6.5 13.5 20

Mary Lee Carter Park 3.5 0.5 4.0

Subtotal Community Parks 148

Special Use Parks

Chancellor Community Center – 2,210 square feet 1 0 1

Harrison Road Community Center – 2,700 square feet 1 0 1

Huntington Run Recreation Area 0 27 27

Lee Hill Community Center – 6,500 square feet - - -