SKILL 1: SUBJECT AND VERBS

Setiap kalimat paling tidak harus memiliki satu subjek (subject) dan satu kata kerja
(verbs).

Contoh Soal :

1. .................... was ringing continuously for hours.

a. Loudly
b. In the morning
c. The phone
d. The bells

2. Newspapers ...................... every morning and every evening.

a. Delivery
b. Are delivered
c. On time
d. Regularly

3. The plane ................... landing at the airport in five minutes.

a. It is
b. It really is
c. Is descending
d. Will be

EXCERCISE 1: Tandai subjek dan verb (kata kerja) pada kalimat dibawah ini. Dan
beri tanda Correct apabila kalimat benar (terdiri dari subjek dan kalimat kerja),
Incorrect apabila kalimat salah (tidak terdiri dari subjek dan kalimat kerja).

1. My best friend always helpful with problems.

2. The bus schedule has changed since last week.

3. Accidentally dropped the glass on the floor.

4. The customer paying the clerk for the clothes.

5. The professor handed the syllabus to the students.

6. Each day practiced the piano for hours.

7. The basketball player tossed the ball into the hoop.

8. The new student in the class very talkative and friendly.

9. Walking with the children to school.

10. The whales headed south for the winter.

 SKILL 2

OBJECT OF PREPOSITIONS

 Preposition itu contohnya seperti “in, at, of, to, by, behind, on, after,
throughout, with.
 Object of prepositions merupakan kata benda atau kata ganti (he, she, it, etc)
yang tertulis setelah kata preposition (in, at, of, to, etc)
 Contoh kalimat object of prepositions:
To Mike ....................... was a big surprise
(a) really
(b) the party
(c) funny
(d) when
Kalimat diatas belum memiliki subjek, karena “To Mike” merupakan object of
prepositions. Jadi jawabannya B.

 Jadi jika ada kata benda diawal kalimat yang diikutin preposition, artinya ia
bukan subject.

EXCERCISE 2: Masing-masing kalimat mengandung satu atau lebih kata

prepositions, coba tandai mana kata preposition, subjek, dan verb. Ingat setiap
kalimat harus ada subject dan verb. beri tanda Correct apabila kalimat benar (terdiri
dari subjek dan kalimat kerja), Incorrect apabila kalimat salah (tidak terdiri dari
subjek dan kalimat kerja).

1. The name of the baby in the crib is jack

2. By the next meeting of the class need to turn in the papers.

3. Because of the heavy rain throughout the night the walkways are muddy.

4. In the morning after the concert was tired.

5. In the summer the trip to the mountains is our favorite trip.

Contoh Soal :

1. Mark Twain ............... the years after the Civil War the “Gilded Age.”

a. Called
b. Calling
c. He called
d. His calls

2. Early ................. toes instead of hooves on their feet.

 a. Horses
b. Had horses
c. Horses had
d. Horses having

3. ............... grow close to the ground in the short Arctic summer.

a. Above tundra plants

b. Tundra plants
c. Tundra plants are found
d. For tundra plants

4. In 1867, ............. Alaska from the Russians for $7,2 Million.

a. Purchased the US
b. To purchase the US
c. The US’ purchase of
d. The US Purchased

5. Between 1725 and 1750, New England witnessed an increase in the

specialization of ........

a. Occupations
b. Occupies
c. They occupied
d. It occupied them

6. The large carotid artery ............... to the main part of the brain.

a. Carrying blood
b. Blood is carried
c. Carries blood
d. Blood carries

7. ............. radio as the first practical system of wireless telegraphy.

a. Marconi’s development
b. The development by Marconi
c. Developing Marconi
d. Marconi developed

8. In 1975, the first succesful space probe to ................ beginning to send

information back to Earth.

a. Venus
b. Venus the
c. Venus was
d. Venus it was
9. The two biggest resort ..................... Arkansas are Hot Springs and Eureka
Springs.

a. In
b. Towns in
c. Towns are
d. Towns are in

10. NASA’s Lyndon B. Johnsn Space Center .............. control center for the Mercury,
gemini, and Apollo space flights
a. It was at the
b. It was the
c. Was the
d. The

SKILL 3: PRESENT PARTICIPLE (Verb-ing)

 Present participle merupakan kata yang memiliki imbuhan –ing atas suatu
kata kerja (verb). Contoh : watching, arriving, studying, etc.
 Present participle merupakan bagian kata kerja (verb) jika kata tersebut
diawali dengan to be, contoh :
“ The train is arriving at the station now” (is arriving = verb)
Arriving pada kalimat ini menjelaskan bahwa kereta sedang datang
(kata kerja)

 Present participle merupakan adjective (kata sifat) ketika kata tersebut tidak
diikuti to be, contoh :
“ The train arriving at the station now is an hour late”
(arriving = adjective), arriving disini menjelaskan sifat kereta (kereta yg
telah datang)

 Jadi, jika dalam suatu kalimat sudah ada to be dan/atau verb, artinya kata
verb lainnya bisa saja merupakan adjective.
Contoh :
The film ...................... appearing at the local theater is my fovorite
a. Now
b. Is
c. It
d. Was
Jawabannya now (adverb, keterangan waktu), karena dalam kalimat sudah
ada to be (is), jadi appearing merupakan kata sifat (bukan verb) dari
appearing. Ingat setiap kalimat harus ada satu subjek dan satu verb (to be
merupakan verb, sebelum to be biasanya kata benda ‘noun’). Akan tetapi hati-
 hati, terkadang satu soal toefl terdiri dari dua kalimat, ditunjukkan dengan kata
penghubung (and, or, then, etc.), terkait hal ini dijelaskan nanti dalam skill 5.

EXCERCISE 3: Masing-masing kalimat terdiri dari satu atau lebih present participle.
Tandai yang mana present participle (tandai juga apakah present participle termasuk
adjective atau verbs). Tentukan juga mana subject dan verb. Tentukan apakah
kalimat dibawah ini CORRECT atau INCORRECT (kalimat dinyatakan salah apabila
memiliki dua verb, tidak ada verb, tidak ada subject). Adjective biasanya diikuti
dengan “The” dan “kata benda/noun”, karena adjective menjelaskan sifat dari
sebuah benda. Contoh = the fast moving clouds (awan yang bergerak cepat)

1. The crying baby needs to be picked up.

2. The clothes are lying on the floor should go into the washing machine.
3. Most of the striking workers are walking the picket line.
4. The setting sun creating a rainbow of colors in the sky.
5. For her birthday, the child is getting a talking doll.

SKILL 4: PAST PARTICIPLE

 Penjelasan hampir sama seperti present participle (Verb-ing), tetapi past

participle merupakan Verb 3 dan Verb 2 (menggunakan ed, atau kata ganti
lainnya seperti find jadi found (V2).
a. Verb 2 = ed/ kata ganti lain seperti found, ate, etc + tanpa to be
b. Verb 3 = ed/ kata ganti lain dalam V3 + To be
- To be untuk V3 terdiri dari : kalimat pasif (am, is, are, was, were) dan
kalimat aktif (has, have, had)
 Akan tetapi bentuk verb-ed bisa menjadi (i) kalimat simple past tense biasa,
(ii) past participle dari verb, (iii) adjective.
 Contoh past participle merupakan verb (biasanya diikuti to be dan have, has,
had) :
- The mailman has left a letter in the mailbox. (kalimat aktif V3)
- The classes were taught by Professor Smith. (Kalimat pasif V3)
 Contoh past participle merupakan adjective (tanpa to be dan atau have, etc) :
- The letter left in the mailbox was for me.
- The classes taught by professor smith were very interisting.
EXCERCISE 4: Masing-masing kalimat terdiri dari satu atau lebih past participle.
Tandai yang mana past participle (tandai juga apakah past participle termasuk
adjective atau verbs). Tentukan juga mana subject dan verb. Tentukan apakah
kalimat dibawah ini CORRECT atau INCORRECT (kalimat dinyatakan salah apabila
memiliki dua verb, tidak ada verb, tidak ada subject). Kata Adjective biasanya diikuti
dengan “The” (bagian awalnya) dan “kata benda/noun” (bagian akhirnya) seperti The
lost exam (lost adalah adjective, dan exam adalah noun), karena adjective
menjelaskan sifat dari sebuah benda.

1. The food is served in this restaurant is delicious.

2. The plane landed on the deserted runway.
3. The unexpected guests arrived just at dinnertime.
4. The courses are listed in catalogue are required courses.
5. The photographs developed yesterday showed Sam and his friends.

SOAL LATIHAN SKILL 3&4

1. The first ............. appeared during the last period of the dinosaurs’ reign.
a. Flowers are plants
b. Plants have flowers
c. Plants flowers
d. Flowering plants

2. The earliest medicines ................. from plants of various sorts.

a. Obtaining
b. They obtained
c. Were obtained
d. They were obtained
3. Simple sails were made from canvas .................... over a frame.
a. A stretch
b. Stretched
c. Was stretched
d. It was stretched
4. Pluto’s moon Charon .................. in a slightly elliptical path around the planet.
a. Moving
b. Is moving
c. It was moving
 d. In its movement
5. Techniques of breath control form an essential part of any ............ program to
improve the voice.
a. It trains
b. Train
c. Trains
d. Training
6. Robert E. Lee ............... the Confederate army to General Grant in 1865 at the
Appomattox Courthouse.
a. Surrenderred
b. Be surrendered
c. Surrendering
d. Surrender
7. The pituitary gland, ............. the brain, releases hormones to control other glands.
a. Found below
b. It is found below
c. Its foundation below
d. Finds itself below
8. At around two years of age, many children regularly produce sentences ..............
three of four words.
a. Are containing
b. Containing
c. Contain
d. Contains
9. Multinational companies .................... it increasingly important to employ
internationally acceptable brand names.
a. Finding
b. Are finding
c. They find
d. They are finding
10. The cornea is located under the conjuctiva, on ................. of the eye.
a. The part is exposed
b. Exposed the part
c. The exposed part
d. Exposes the part