Ministry of construction Construction norms of Turkmenistan CNT 3.04.

08-94
and architecture of Industrial buildings
Turkmenistan First edition

The present norms shall control all matters concerning design of industrial buildings and
spaces therein as well as laboratory buildings and spaces therein.

The present norms are not applicable to design of buildings and spaces for manufacturing
and storing explosives, appliances for explosives and underground structures.

1. GENERAL

1.1. The buildings and premises shall be classified in categories of the explosion-and-fire
and fire hazard (A, B, V, G and D) depending on the technological processes applied therein and
on the features of the matters and materials to be found (processed) therein.
The categories of buildings and premises shall be listed in the technological part of
project specifications in compliance with the standards of technological design "Determination
of categories of the explosion-and-fire and fire hazard of buildings and premises" enforced by
Ministry of internal affairs, and in accordance with the departmental codes of technological
design, or with special classifications approved in accordance with the established order.

1.2. The total gross area of a building shall be determined as the sum of areas of all
stories (including above grade ones, mechanical stories as well as semi-basement and basement
stories) measured within the interior surfaces of external walls (or between centre lines of outer
columns where there are no external walls), of tunnels, internal landings, mezzanines, of all
levels of tower type structures, ramps, galleries (the horizontal projection thereof) and passages
to other buildings**.
The area of the mechanical sub-floor space with the ceiling height of less than 1.8 m from
finished floor to projecting structures (where provision of a passage for services of utilities is not
necessary), the area above the suspended ceilings designed in accordance with Section 2.16 as
well as the area of landings for servicing crane rails, cranes, conveyers, monorails and lamps,
shall not be included into the total gross area of a building.
The area of the mechanical sub-floor space with the ceiling height of less than 1.8 m from
finished floor to projecting structures (where provision of a passage for services of utilities is not
necessary), the area above the suspended ceilings designed in accordance with Section 2.16 as
well as the area of landings for servicing crane rails, cranes, conveyers, monorails and lamps,
shall not be included into the total gross area of a building.
1.3. The automatic fire fighting and fire signalling (including fire alarm systems) shall be
provided in accordance with state and departmental building codes and lists of buildings and
premises subject to providing with the installations of the automated fire fighting, fire signalling
and fire alarm systems, approved in accordance with the established order.
_________________________________________
* Further – buildings
** Terms and definitions are given in the mandatory Appendix

Approved In force since

by the Ministry of Construction and architecture of
Turkmenistan 01 January 1995
dated 16 December 1994г. №6
 Page4 CNT 3.04.08-94

1.4. In cases when the disabled people are planned to work on the enterprise one should
observe the additional requirements stipulated in the relevant sections of norms, depending on
type of disability.
In case of creation of special places designed for the work of disabled people one should
be governed by “Unified sanitary rules for enterprises (industrial unions), workshops and places
designed for the work of disabled people and retired employees” of the Ministry of healthcare of
Turkmenistan.

2. SPACE PLANNING AND STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS

Space planning concepts

2.1. The space planning concepts of buildings and premises shall ensure the possibility of
reconstruction and modernization of the production cycle, technological processes and
conversion to manufacturing of other types of products.
2.2. In the course of designing it is necessary:
• to combine premises of different technological processes, storage, administration
and recreation premises as well as premises for the engineering and utility
equipment;
• to assume maximum building height (within the limits set forth in Section 2.7) on
the basis of the feasibility comparison of alternate layouts of the technological
processes in buildings with the different number of stories;
• to minimize the total area of the building exterior envelope;
• to optimize the area of the exterior wall openings in compliance with the
corresponding building codes on natural and artificial lighting) and with regard to
the provisions of Section 2.42;
• to design buildings without provision of natural lighting if it is allowed by the
technological conditions, sanitary and hygienic requirements and is appropriate
economically;
• to maximize the use of modular pre-fabricated construction for buildings,
structures and consolidated units of engineering and technological equipment;
• to reduce the impact of dynamic loads on building structures, technological
equipment and workers caused by the vibrating equipment and by the outside
oscillation sources.

2.3. The architectural concepts of buildings shall be adopted with regard to local urban
development, construction and climatic conditions of the area of development.
2.4. The geometry of buildings, namely structural spans, column spacing and story
height, shall meet the requirements of technological part of the project.
2.5. The ceiling height of one-story buildings (measured from the finished floor to the
underside surface of the horizontal bearing structure) shall be not less than 3 m. The ceiling
height in multi-story buildings (measured from the stairway landing of the story) to the stairway
landing of the adjacent upper story) shall be not less than 3.3 m with the exception of mechanical
stories.
2.6. The ceiling height of individual rooms (measured from the finished floor to the
underside surface of the projecting element of the ceiling structure) shall be not less than 2.2 m.
In the areas of routine passage of people as well as exit ways, the ceiling height from the finished
 CNT 3.04.08-94 Page 5

floor to the projecting elements of utility lines and equipment shall be not less than 2 m, while in
the areas of occasional passage of people, the ceiling height shall be not less than 1.8 m. The
clear headroom for passage of fire trucks shall be not less than 4.2 m.
2.7. The fire resistance degree, permitted number of stories and the area of a fire
compartment (hereinafter referred to as the "floor area") shall be assumed in accordance with
Table 1.
It is allowed to increase floor area specified in Table 1, by 100% if the premises are
provided with the automatic fire fighting installations, with the exception of buildings of fire
resistance degree IIIa and IIIb.
The floor area and permitted number of stories are specified for buildings with premises
of the same category. For premises of different categories located in the same building, the floor
area and the permitted number of stories shall be determined based on the dominant category of
the building which shall be established in the technological part of the project specifications in
compliance with the codes of technological design.
Total floor area of adjacent floors having a technological opening in the dividing them
floor structure, shall not exceed total floor area set forth in Table 1.
2.8. It is allowed to place premises of categories A and В with the total area of not less
than 300 m2 in one-storied buildings of fire resistance degree IVa. In such cases the said
premises shall be separated by fire resistant partitions of type 1 and fire resistant floor structures
of type 3. The external walls of these premises must be made of non-combustible or hardly
combustible materials
It is allowed to design prefabricated reusable buildings of fire resistance degree IVa and
categories A and В with the area of not more than 75 m2.
2.9. Premises of categories A and В shall be located near the external walls and on the
upper stories of multi-storeyed buildings if it complies with the technological requirements.
The placement of the premises of categories A and В in basement and semi-basement
stories is not allowed.
2.10. When production processes with the different explosion-and-fire and fire hazard are
located in the same building or premises, the necessary explosions and fire propagation
protection shall be employed, the efficiency of which shall be substantiated in the technological
part of the project specifications. If the efficiency appears to be inadequate the production
processes with the different explosion-and-fire and fire hazard must be located in separate
premises. In such cases the premises of categories А, В and V shall be separated one from
another and from premises of categories G and D and corridors by fire resistant partitions and
fire resistant floor structures of the following types:
• by fire resistant partitions of Type 1 and fire resistant floor structures (between
stories and over the basement) of Type 2 in buildings of fire resistance degree I;
• by fire resistant partitions of Type 1 in buildings of fire resistance degree II, III
and IIIb; by fire resistant partitions of Type 2 in buildings of fire resistance degree
IIIа; by fire resistant partitions of Type 2 in premises of category V in buildings
of fire resistance degree IVa; by fire resistant partitions in compliance with
Section 2.8 and fire resistant floor structures (between stories and over the
basement) of Type 3 in premises of category A or В in buildings of fire resistance
degree IVa;
• by fire resistant floor structures over the basement of Type 3 in buildings of fire
resistance degree IV;
When production processes with the identical explosion-and-fire and fire hazard are
located in a premise the necessity of their separation one from another by partitions as well as the
installation of vestibules shall be substantiated in the technological part of the project
 Page6 CNT 3.04.08-94

specifications. In such cases the installation of fire resistant partitions may not apply, unless
required otherwise by the codes of technological design.

Table 1

Category of Permitted Fire Area of a fire compartment (м2) in buildings with the
buildings or fire number resistance number of stories
compartments of degree multistoried
stories 1 2 3

A, B 6 I Not limited
A, B (except for buildings of oil 6 II Same
refinery, gas, chemical and I IIIa 5 200 - -
petrochemical industries)

A – for buildings of oil refinery, 6 II Not limited 5 200 3 500

gas, chemical or petrochemical I IIIa 3 500 - -
industries

B - for buildings of oil refinery, 6 II Not limited 10 400 7 800

gas, chemical or petrochemical I IIIa 3 500 - -
industries
8 I,II Not limited
V 3 III 5 200 3 500 2 600
2 IIIа 25 000 10 400** -
1 IIIb 15 000 - -
2* IVа 2 600 2 000 -
2 IV 2 600 2 000 -
1 V 1 200 - -
10 I,II Not limited
G 3 III 6 500 5 200 3 500
6 IIIа Not limited
1 IIIb 20 000 - -
2* IVа 6 500 5 200 -
2 IV 3 500 2 600 -
10 I,II Not limited
D 3 III 7 800 6 500 3 500
6 IIIа Not limited
1 IIIb 25 000 - -
2* IVа 10 400 7 800 -
2 IV 3 500 2 600 -
2 V 2 600 1 500 -
_______________
*. When one-storied or two-storied buildings are not higher than 18m (measured from the finished floor of
the first story to the underside of the projecting horizontal structure on supports).
** When fire hazardous premises of two-storied buildings are provided with automatic fire fighting
installations.
Notes: 1. Fire resistant zones instead of the fire resistant walls may be applied in buildings of fire
resistance degrees I, II, III and IIIa.
2. Lumber workshops with the number of mills of up to four, timber processing workshops of primary
processing of timber and timber cutting centers, may be located in two-storied buildings of fire resistance degree V
with the floor area of 600 m2
3. Premises of category В of flour-milling, grouts and mixed fodder industries may be located in buildings
of fire resistance degrees I and И with the number of stories of up to 8 inclusive.
4. Landings, circles of tower type structures and mezzanines shall be taken into account when determining
the number of stories of a building in case the area of those zones exceeds 40 % of the floor area at any level. In
such cases the requirements set for the multistoried buildings shall apply.'
5. The buildings of fire resistance degree IIIa and category V may be designed with the number of stories of
3 to 6 inclusive if the following requirements are satisfied: the enclosing elements (walls and roofs) have a zero fire
propagation limit; floor slabs have fire resistance rate of 0.75 hr; fire hazardous premises are provided with
 CNT 3.04.08-94 Page 7

automatic fire fighting installations and the premises are separated by fire resistant partitions of type 1. The area of
the buildings of three story high and higher shall not exceed 10 400 m2. The floor area of up to 50,000 m2 may be
assumed for buildings of fire resistance degree IIIa and category V, if the enclosing elements (walls and roofs) have
a zero are propagation limit, the floor slabs have fire resistance rate of 0.75 hr, the fire hazardous premises are
separated by fire resistant partitions of type 1, and premises of categories A, B and V are provided with automatic
fire fighting installations.
6. The floor area of buildings of fire resistance degree II with the timber processing, shall not exceed 7 800
m2 for two-storied buildings, and 5 200 m2 for three-storied buildings 2.
7. The laboratory buildings of fire resistance degrees I and II and category В of research laboratories of
natural sciences and engineering may be designed up to 10 stories.

2.11. Air-tight vestibules with the permanent air pressurization in compliance with CNT
3.05.02-94 shall be provided for openings in fire resistant partitions dividing premises of
categories A and В from premises of other categories, corridors and staircases. The enclosing
structures of the pressurized vestibules shall be designed in accordance with Fire Code. It is not
allowed to install a shared vestibule for two or more premises of the said categories.
2.12. When designing openings in fire resistant walls and partitions, provided that the
openings can not be closed by fire resistant doors or gates, the open (without doors or gates)
vestibules shall be arranged for the communication between the adjacent premises of categories
V, G and D in places of these openings. The vestibules shall be not less than 4 m deep equipped
with automatic fire fighting installations on a stretch of 4 m with the volumetric water discharge
of 1 l/s per 1 m2 of the vestibule floor area. The enclosing structures of the vestibules shall be fire
resistant with the fire resistance rate of 0.75 hr.
2.13. If it is necessary to arrange openings (which can not be closed by fire resistant
doors or gates) in floor structures of buildings of categories А, В and V as well as in fire resistant
partitions which separate premises of categories A and В from other premises, the premises shall
be protected from the fire propagation and the penetration (to the adjacent stories) of
combustible gases, of easy- combustible and combustible liquids, dusts and fibres which can
form the explosion hazardous concentrations. The efficiency of such measures shall be
substantiated in the technological part of the project specifications.
2.14. The basements with premises of category V located therein, combustible and non-
combustible material warehouses shall be divided by fire resistant partitions of Type 1 into
sections with the area not exceeding 3000 m2 each. The section width (measured from the
external wall) shall not exceed 30 m. Windows 0.75 m wide and 1.2 m high shall be designed in
such premises. The total area of the windows shall be equal to 0.2 % of the floor area of the
premises. At least two windows shall be provided in premises with the area of over 1000 m2.
The floor structures over the basements must have the fire resistance rate of not less than 0.75 hr
Premises of category V with the area of 700 m2 and more located in basements with exits
directly to the outside, shall be provided with automatic fire fighting installations while those
with the area of less than 700 m2 shall be equipped with automatic fire signalling. If the
basements have no exits directly to the outside, the premises of category V with the area of 300
m2 and more shall be provided with automatic fire fighting installations while those with the area
of less than 300 m2 shall be equipped with automatic fire signalling.
The corridors shall be not less than 2 m wide and must have exits directly to the outside
or through separated staircases. The premises shall be separated from corridors by fire resistant
partitions of Type 1.
The basements with premises of category V which cannot be located near the external
walls due to the technological restrictions shall be split into sections with the area not exceeding
1,500 m2 each with the provision of the smoke exhaust in accordance with CNT 3.05.02-94.
2.15. The fire smoke exhaust from premises and corridors shall be arranged in
compliance with CNT 3.05.02-94.
 Page8 CNT 3.04.08-94

Corridors in buildings of category А, В or V shall be split into sections 60 m long by fire

resistant partitions of Type 2 with doors of Type 3.
2.16. In industrial premises where the maintaining of steady parameters of the air is
required by the technological process, additional horizontal enclosing elements may be
constructed for the placement of the engineering and utility equipment and networks in the space
over them, as follows:
suspended (or boarded) ceilings when the networks access by the maintenance personnel
is not required. Hatches and vertical steel ladders may be used for servicing the utility networks;
mechanical stories when the passages (with the ceiling height in accordance with Section
2.6) are required for servicing the engineering and utility equipment, networks and auxiliary
technological appliances located in the space.
The suspended ceilings may not be designed for premises of category A and B.
The structural design of suspended ceilings shall be performed in compliance with Fire
Code. The decking of the suspended ceilings and insulation of pipelines and air ducts located
over the suspended ceilings shall be constructed of non-combustible materials in buildings with
the steel profile boarding and rolled-strip or asphalt mastic roofing
When utility networks (air ducts, pipelines and cable buses with more than 12 cables) are
placed into the space over the suspended ceilings with insulation made of non-combustible or
hardly combustible materials, the automatic fire fighting shall be arranged. In case the cable
buses with 5 to 12 cables and electric wiring with such insulation are laid in the space over the
suspended ceilings, the automatic fire signaling shall be installed. If cables in steel pipelines,
water lines and air ducts with non-combustible insulation are placed in the space over the
suspended ceilings, the arrangement of the automatic fire fighting or fire signaling is not
necessary.
When utility networks (air ducts, pipelines and cable buses with more than 12 cables) are
placed into the space over the suspended ceilings with insulation made of non-combustible or
hardly combustible materials, the automatic fire fighting shall be arranged. In case the cable
buses with 5 to 12 cables and electric wiring with such insulation are laid in the space over the
suspended ceilings, the automatic fire signalling shall be installed. If cables in steel pipelines,
water lines and air ducts with non-combustible insulation are placed in the space over the
suspended ceilings, the arrangement of the automatic fire fighting or fire signalling is not
necessary.
2.17. The lead-ins of railways to buildings shall be provided in accordance with the
technological part of design. The entrance of locomotives of all types may not be arranged into
premises of category A and В while the entrance of steam-engines and diesel locomotives is also
prohibited to premises of category V with ceiling and floor structures made of combustible
materials.
2.18. The top of the railway rails shall match the elevation of the finished floor.
2.19. The storage depots of raw materials, prepared and final products located in
industrial buildings as well as loading platforms (ramps) shall be designed in accordance with
the requirements of CNT “Storage Structures”.
2.20. The passenger elevators shall be designed in multistoried buildings over 15 m high
(measuring from the land leveling elevation to the floor level of the upper floor, except for the
services stories) when permanent work places or the equipment which needs servicing more than
three times per shift are located at the elevation over +15 m above grade. The freight elevators
shall be installed in accordance with the technological part of design.
The number and the load-carrying capacity of elevators shall be adopted depending on
the freight and passenger traffic. In case the number of workers (in the most populous shift) is
not more than 30 on all stories located over the elevation +15 m above grade, only one elevator
may be installed.
 CNT 3.04.08-94 Page 9

Pressurized vestibules with the permanent air pressure of 20 Pa (2 kgs/m2) shall be

designed in front of elevators in premises of category A and B. Vestibules with the air pressure
of 20 Pa (2 kgs/m2) shall be installed in basement stories in front of elevators. The vestibule
doors from the elevator shaft side shall be made of non-combustible materials without glazing.
The permanent air pressure of 20 Pa (2 kgs/m2) shall be maintained in machine rooms of
elevators in buildings of category A and B.
If on the second floor or higher there will be the premises for work of disabled people on
wheel-chairs, one should consider the passenger elevator in case of impossibility to arrange
workplaces for disabled people on the first floor. The elevator cabin should have the following
sizes not less than: width -1,1 m, depth - 2,1 m, door frame width – 0,85 m.
2.21. The elevator lobbies shall be designed in buildings with the height from the
sidewalk elevation to the finished floor level of the upper story not exceeding 30 m. The lobbies
shall be separated from other premises and corridors by fire resistant partitions of Type 1 and by
fire fighting doors of Type 2. In case the pressurized vestibules are not available at the exits from
the elevators, the air pressurization during the fire shall be maintained in accordance with CNT
3.05.02-94.

Emergency evacuation of people from buildings and premises

2.22. The egress routes may not be arranged through premises of category A and В and
through vestibule locks attached to them as well as through industrial premises in buildings of
fire resistance degrees III, IV, IVa and V.
It is allowed to provide one exit (without the arrangement of the second one) through
premises of categories A and В from premises on the same story where the engineering and
utility equipment is placed and where the permanent stay of people is eliminated. In such case
the distance from the most remote point of the premises with the engineering and utility
equipment to the emergency exit from the premises of category A and В shall not exceed 25 m.
2.23. The exits from staircases located in built-in structures and inserts not more than
four stories high with premises of categories G and D may be arranged through premises of
category G or D to the outside provided that the exits are located on two opposite sides of the
built-in structure or insert (in case the built-in structure or insert divides the building into
separate portions).
2.24. The exits from premises located on mezzanines and inserts (or built-in structures) in
buildings of fire resistance degrees I, П and IIIa as well as on mezzanines of prefabricated
reusable buildings of categories G and D and fire resistance degree IVa intended for the location
of the engineering and utility equipment of buildings (provided that there are no permanent work
places therein) may be arranged towards the interior open steel stairways located in premises of
categories V, G and D and designed in accordance with Section 2.59 (as far as the slope and
flight width are concerned). The distance from the most remote point of the premises with the
engineering and utility equipment to the emergency exit from the building shall not exceed the
values set forth in Table 2 (counting the stairway route length to be equal to the triple height
thereof). When the said stairways are located in premises of categories V, such premises as well
as fire hazardous premises on mezzanines and inserts (or built-in structures) shall be provided
with the automatic fire fighting installations. It is allowed to provide one exit (without the
arrangement of the second one) to the interior or external open steel stairway from premises
where the distance from the most remote point of the premises to the exit to the staircase does
not exceed 25 m.
 Page10 CNT 3.04.08-94

2.25. The gates for the railway trucks as well as sliding and overhead coiling gates for
any kind of transport shall not be taken into account as the emergency exits.
2.26. It is allowed to provide one emergency exit (without the arrangement of the second
one);
a) from any story of a building of fire resistance degree I or II with the number of above-
ground stories of not more than four with premises of category D and the number of workers in
the most populous shift of not more than five on each story while the floor area shall not exceed
300 m2;
b) from premises located on any story (except for basement and semi-basement ones)
provided that the exit leads to two emergency exits from the story while the distance from the
most remote point of the premises to the exit there from does not exceed 25 m and the number of
workers in the most populous shift does not exceed;
• 5 persons in premises of categories A and B;
• 25 persons in premises of category V;
• 50 persons in premises of categories G and D;
c) to the external steel stairway complying with the requirements of Section 2.59, from
premises of category D with the area of not more than 300 m and the number of workers in the
most populous shift of not more than five located on any story (except for the first one).
The enclosing structures of the stairway shall be made of non-combustible materials. The
distance from the most remote point of the premises to the exit to the stairway shall not exceed
25 m;
d) from one-story prefabricated reusable buildings of categories A and В with the area of
not more than 54 m2 or not more than 108 m2 for other categories. The number of workers in the
most populous shift shall not exceed five in buildings of categories A and В and 25 in buildings
of categories V, G and D. At least 25 % of windows in such buildings should have the possibility
to be opened outside and shall not have protecting meshes and/or grids.
e) to the interior or external steel stairway complying with the requirements of Section
2.59 (as far as the slope and flight width are concerned) from any story of a multi-storeyed
(multi-circle) building of fire resistance degree Ша and category D with the height from the
sidewalk elevation to the finished floor level of the upper story (circle) not exceeding 30 m and
the floor area not exceeding 300 m2. The number of workers in the most populous shift shall not
be more than five and the distance from the most remote point of the premise to the exit to the
stairway shall not exceed 25 m. The enclosing structures of the stairway shall be made of non-
combustible materials. It is allowed (with the exception of premises of category D) to locate the
electric engineering premises (signalling panels, control panels and boards, switchboard centres)
in the building. The exit to the roof may be arranged from the upper landing of the interior
stairway through a fire resistant hatch with the size of not less than 0.6 x 0.8 m using a fixed
steel ladder.
2.27. An external steel stairway complying with the requirements of Section 2.59 may be
used as the second exit from the second and higher stories of a building with the height from the
sidewalk elevation to the finished floor level of the upper story not exceeding 30 m when the
number of workers in the most populous shift does not exceed:
• 15 persons in multi-storeyed buildings with premises of any category;
• 50 persons in two-storied buildings with premises of category V;
• 100 persons in two-storied buildings with premises of categories G and D.
2.28. At least two emergency exits shall be provided from basement and semi-basement
stories with the area of more than 300 m2 as well as from each portion thereof which comply
with Section 2.14. The emergency exits from basement stories with premises of categories G and
 CNT 3.04.08-94 Page 11

D may be provided into premises of the same category located on the first story. The emergency
exits from basement stories with premises of category V (including basements with oil storage
and electrical equipment) shall be provided through the separated staircases which have the exits
directly to the outside. It is allowed to use the common staircases with the arrangement of the
separate exit from the staircase to the outside which shall be divided by a fire resistant partition
of Type 1 to the height of two stair flights.
At least two exits (doors) shall be arranged from premises of category V with the area of
more than 1000 m2. The exits shall be located so that the dead ends should not exceed 25m.
The emergency exits from basement stories with premises of category V which are not
adjacent to the external walls may be arranged to the first stories where premises of categories G
and D are located. In such cases the stairways leading to the first story shall be enclosed by fire
resistant partitions while the vestibules with the air pressurization in the time of fire shall be
installed in the basement in front of the stairway.
The exits from basements with premises of categories V, G and D shall be located
outside of the working zone of hoisting machines.
2.29. The distance from the most remote work station to the nearest emergency exit from
the premises directly to the outside, or to a staircase, shall not exceed the values set forth in
Table 2.
2.30. The interior tower type structures and landings shall have be provided with not less
than two open steel stairways. It is allowed to provide one stairway if the floor area of each circle
of the tower type structure does not exceed 108 m2 for premises of categories A and В and 400
m2 for premises of categories V, G and D.
The distance from the most remote point of landings and tower type structures to the exit
from the building shall not exceed the values specified in Table 2 counting the open stairway
route length from the landings and tower type structures to be equal to the triple height of the
stairway flights.
The emergency exits from the landings and tower type structure circles which have the
area exceeding 40 % of the floor area at any elevation, and where the permanent work places are
located, shall be provided through staircases.

Table 2

Distance, m, at density of escapees in common passage, in

Room volume in Room category Fire resistance persons/m2
m3 degree of building
Up to 1 over1 to 3 over 3 to 5

Up to 15 А, B I, II, IIIa 40 25 15
V I, II, III, IIIa 100 60 40
IIIb, IV 70 40 30
V 50 30 20
30 А,B I, II, IIIa 60 35 25
V I, II, III, IIIa 145 85 60
IIIb, IV 100 60 40
40 А,B I, II, IIIa 80 50 35
V I, II, III, IIIa 160 95 65
IIIb, IV 110 65 45
50 А,B I, II, IIIa 120 70 50
V I, II, III, IIIa 180 105 75
60 and more А,B I, II, IIIa 140 85 60
 Page12 CNT 3.04.08-94

60 V I, II, III, IIIa 200 110 85

80 and more V I, II, III, IIIa 240 140 100
irrespective G, D I, II, III, IIIa Not limited
of volume IIIb, IV 160 95 65
V 120 70 50

Notes: 1. The escapees density is determined as the total number of escapees in the common
emergency passage divided by the area of the passage.
2. For premises with the area exceeding 1000 m2 the distance specified in Table 2 includes the
length of the route along the corridor to the exit to the outside or to a staircase.
3. The distance for premises of categories A and В is set forth with regard to the area of the
spread of easy-combustible or combustible liquids of 50 m2; when other area of the spread is observed
the distances presented in Table 2 shall be multiplied by the factor equaling 50/F where F is the probable
area of the spread determined in the technological part of design.
4. In case of intermediate values of the premises volume, the distances are determined by means
of interpolation.
5. The distances are set forth for buildings up to 6 m high (the building height for one-storied
buildings is measured to the lower part of the truss). When the ceiling height exceeds 6 m the distance is
increased: by 20 % for premises 12 m high, by 30 % for premises 18 m high and by 40 % for premises 24
m high but not more than 140 m for premises of categories A and В and 240 m for premises of category V
while the linear interpolation shall be applied for premises of the intermediate height.
One of the emergency exits may be arranged to the external stairway designed in compliance
with Section 2.59.

2.31. The distance from the most remote work station to the nearest emergency exit of
one-storied or two-storied buildings of fire resistance degree IVa, where the combustible
polymer thermal insulation is used, shall not exceed:
• 50 m in one-storied buildings with premises of category V; 80 m in buildings with
premises of categories G and D;
• 40 m in two-storied buildings with premises of category V; 60 m in buildings with
premises of categories G and D.
The above specified distances may be increased by 50% if the premises floor area
occupied by equipment equals to or exceeds 75 m2 per 1 worker in the most populous shift
In case the above specified distances can not be provided in two-storied buildings with
premises of categories V, G and D, the emergency exits spaced at 72 m along the building
perimeter shall be arranged in external walls. The stairway flight width (depending on the
number of people escaping from the second story) as well as the door, corridor and passage
width on the egress route shall be determined on the basis of 0.6 m per 100 escapees.
2.32. The distance along the corridor from the door of the most remote room with the
area of not more than 1,000 m2 to the nearest exit to the outside or to a staircase shall not exceed
the value set forth in Table 3.
If premises of different categories are located on the same story, the distance along the
corridor from the door of the most remote room to the nearest exit to the outside or to a staircase
shall be determined as the distance specified for the most hazardous category.
2.33. The emergency exit (or door) width from premises shall be determined on the basis
of the number of escapees passing through the exit and the number of persons per 1 m of the exit
(door) width specified in Table 4 but not less than 0.9m if the disabled people with
musculoskeletal system disorder are working there.
2.34. The emergency exit (or door) width from a corridor to the outside or to a staircase,
shall be adopted on the basis of the number of escapees passing through the exit and the number
of persons per 1 m of the exit (door) width specified in Table 5. The width shall be not less than
 CNT 3.04.08-94 Page 13

0.8 m; but not less than 0.9m if the disabled people with musculoskeletal system disorder are
working there.
2.35. The stairway flight width shall be not less than the designed emergency exit (or
door) width from a story with the widest door to the staircase and shall be equal to at least 1 m.
The passage and stairway width to individual work stations may be reduced to 0.7 m. The
passage and stairway width with not more than 50 persons passing through may be reduced to
0.9 m.
If there are disabled people with musculoskeletal system disorders, the stairway flight
width shall be not less than 1.2 m.
2.36. The smoke-free staircases of Type 3 with the natural lighting and constant air
pressurization in vestibules, shall be designed in buildings of categories A and В. The ordinary
staircases of Type 1 may be installed in such buildings when the latter have the height from the
sidewalk elevation to the finished floor level of the upper story not exceeding 30 m and premises
of categories A and В have the exits to corridors through vestibule locks.
2.37. The ordinary staircases of Type 1 shall be installed in buildings of category V when
they have the height from the sidewalk elevation to the finished floor level of the upper story
which does not exceed 30 m. Up to 50 % of staircases in such buildings may be designed as
smoke-free ones of type 3 with the air pressurization in vestibules in case of fire. When such
building is higher than 30 m, all staircases shall be smoke-free ones of Type 2 with the natural
lighting.
2.38. The ordinary staircases of Type 1 with the natural lighting through windows in
external walls shall be installed in buildings of categories G and D. Up to 50 % of staircases in
such buildings may be designed as smoke-free ones of type 3 without the natural lighting but with
the air pressurization in vestibules in case of fire.
When such buildings are higher than 30 m from the sidewalk elevation to the Finished
floor level of the upper story, the staircases of Type I with the natural lighting shall be divided
into compartments by a solid fire resistant partition engaging two flights for a full height of a
story every 20 m of the building height. Compartments shall connect through a foyer arranged
outside of the staircase volume).
2.39. The smoke-free staircases shall have the emergency lighting.
The smoke-free staircases of Type 2 shall be divided into compartments by a solid fire
resistant partition engaging two flights for a full height of a story every 30 m of the building
height in buildings of categories G and D; every 20 m in buildings of category V (Compartments
shall connect through a foyer arranged outside of the staircase volume).
2.40. The width of vestibules and pressurized vestibules shall exceed the opening width
by at least 0.5 m (i.e. 0.25 m on both sides of the opening). Their depth shall exceed the door
board width or gate width by not less than 0.2 m and shall be not less than 1.2 m.
If there are disabled people on wheel-chairs the width of vestibules and pressurized
vestibules shall be not less than 1.8 m.
 Page14 CNT 3.04.08-94

Table 3

Distance along corridor (m) to exit to

Location of exit Room Fire resistance the outside or to staircase at escapees
category degree of density in common passage
2
building (persons/m )
Up to 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5
Between two exits А, B I, II, IIIa 60 50 40 35
to the outside or
between staircases V I , II, III, IIIa 120 95 80 65

IIIb, IV 85 65 55 45

V 60 50 40 35

G, D I , II, III, IIIa 180 140 120 100

IIIb, IV 125 100 85 70

V 90 70 60 50

Into dead corridor Irrespective of I , II, III, IIIa 30 25 20 15

category IIIb, IV 20 15 15 10

V 15 10 10 8

Notes: The escapees density in a corridor is determined as the total number of people who
escape from a room to the corridor. The designed width is adopted with regard to the requirements of
Fire Code.

Table 4

Room volume Room category Fire resistance degree of Number of people per 1 m of
thousand m 3 building emergency exit (or door)
15 А, B I, II, IIIа 45
V I, II, III, IIIа, 110
IIIb, IV 75
V 55
30 А, B I, II, IIIа 65
V I, II, III, IIIа, 155
IIIb, IV 110
40 А, V I, II, IIIа 85
V I, II, III, IIIа, 175
IIIb, IV 120
50 А, B I, II, IIIа 130
V I, II, III, IIIа, 195
IIIb, 135
60 and more А, B I, II, IIIа 150
60 V I, II, III, IIIа, 220
IIIb, 155
80 and more V I, II, III, IIIа 260
 CNT 3.04.08-94 Page 15

Irrespective of volume G, D I, II, III, IIIа, 260

IIIb, IV 180
V 130

Notes: 1. The number of people per 1 m of the exit width for intermediate values of the premise
volume is determined by means of interpolation.
2. The number of people per 1 m of the emergency exit (or door) width for premise with the
height exceeding 6 m shall be increased: by 20 % for premises 12 m high, by 30 % for premises 18 m
high, and by 40 % for premises 24 m high while the interpolation shall be applied for premises of the
intermediate height.

Table 5
Number of people per 1 m of width
Room category Fire resistance degree of building of emergency exit (or door) from
corridor
А, B I, II, III, IIIа 85
V I, II, III, IIIа, 175
IIIb, IV 120
V 85
G,D I, II, III, IIIа, 260
IIIb, IV 180
V 130

STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS

General

2.41. Standard structures and finished prefabricated products shall be applied when
designing buildings, including the structures which are supplied in complete sets and building
kits (modules).
2.42. Easily releasable elements of enclosing structures shall be provided for premises of
categories A and B.
The window and lantern glazing shall be used as the easily releasable elements. In case
the glazing surface is insufficient, the prefabricated panel-type roofing elements with thermal
insulation may be considered as the easily releasable elements. The area of the easily releasable
elements shall be determined by means of calculations. In case of the absence of the data for
calculations, the area shall be not less than 0.05 m per 1 m3 of the building volume for premises
of category A and 0.03 m2 for premises of category B.
Notes: 1. The window glass may be considered as the easily releasable element when the
thickness thereof is 3, 4 and 5 mm and the area is not less than 0.8; 1 and 1.5 m2 respectively.
The wired glass may not be considered as the easily releasable element.
2. The roiled carpets covering the easily releasable elements shall be cut into pieces with
the area of not more than 180 m2 each.
3. The design load caused by the easily releasable element mass of roofs shall not exceed
0.7 kPa (70 kgs/m2).
 Page16 CNT 3.04.08-94

2.43. Galleries, landings and stairways for servicing cargo-lifting cranes shall be
designed in compliance with the regulations for safe operation of cargo-lifting cranes approved
by the state authorities of engineering supervision of Turkmenistan.
2.44. Stationary installations ensuring the safe implementation of the repair and cleaning
of windows and lanterns may be applied when use of floor-seated movable or portable
equipment (ladders, rolling landings, telescopic hoists) is not possible due to the restrictions
caused by the location of the technological equipment and the overall building height. The
application of such installations shall be addressed in the technological part of the project
specifications.
2.45. The areas of floor structures and technological decks with mechanisms, installations
and equipment which use the easy-combustible, combustible or toxic liquids, shall have the solid
edging parapets or trays made of non-combustible materials. The parapet height and the area
between the parapets, or the area of trays shall be established in the technological part of designs.

BUILDING ROOFS

2.46. The heated buildings shall be designed with the internally installed storm water
down spouts.
The heated buildings with the height of not more than 10 m may be designed without the
internally installed storm water down spouts if the roof width (with the unilateral slope) does not
exceed 36 m.
2.47. The non-heated buildings shall be designed without the internally installed storm
water down spouts. The multi-storeyed non-heated buildings may be designed with the internally
installed storm water down spouts if the technological heat emission ensures the temperature
above 0 °C inside the building, or if the economically justified application of the heating of water
collecting drains, risers and disposal pipes.
2.48. The guardrails shall be installed along the perimeter of the roof in accordance with
Fire Code. The parapet may be used as the guardrail in buildings with the internally installed
storm water down spouts. If the parapet height is less than 0.6 m it shall be supplemented by the
railing to the total height of 0.6 m above the roof level.

Skylights

2.49. The necessity of the installation of skylights and the type thereof (fully glazed,
square-shaped skylights, aeration skylights, etc.) shall be determined based on specifics of the
technological process, on sanitary, hygienic and environmental requirements with regard to the
climatic conditions of the site and seismic requirements.
2.50. The skylights shall be of non-blown-up type. The skylight length shall not exceed
120 m. The space between the neighbouring skylight edges and between the skylight edge and the
external wall shall be not less than 6 m. The opening of the skylight leafs shall be mechanically
driven (with the switching-on button of the drive placed near the exit from the premises) while
the manual drive shall also be arranged.
The fully glazed operable skylights which can be taken into account when calculating the
smoke exhaust, shall be located uniformly throughout the roof area.
 CNT 3.04.08-94 Page 17

2.51. The protecting gauze screen shall be installed under the glazing (made of silicate
glass sheets, glass blocks, corrugated glass) of the fully glazed skylights as well as along the
interior side of glazing of the aeration skylights.
2.52. Fully glazed skylights with the transparent glazing made of polymer materials
(acrylic plastic, polyester fibreglass, etc.) may be applied only in premises of categories G and D
of buildings of fire resistance degrees I and II. In such cases the roof shall be made of non-
combustible or slow combustible materials and of rolled blanket roofing protected by a layer of
gravel. The total area of the transparent glazing of such skylights shall not exceed 15 % of the
total roof area while the opening area of one skylight shall not be more than 10 m" and the
specific mass of the transparent glazing shall not exceed 20 kg/m2.
The clear width between the fully glazed skylights with transparent glazing made of
polymer materials shall be not less than 4 m for the lighting opening area of up to 5 m2, and not
less than 5 m for the area of 5 to 10 m2.
If a number of fully glazed skylights are joined together, they shall be considered as one
skylight. The above specified restrictions shall be applied to it as to one skylight.
The fire resistant inserts of at least 6 m wide shall be installed (along and across the roof)
every 54 m between the fully glazed skylights which have the transparent glazing made of
polymer materials. The horizontal distance from the fire resistant walls to the skylights with the
transparent glazing made of polymer materials shall be not less than 5 m.

Wall and partitions

2.53. The external and interior walls of heated and non-heated buildings may be
constructed of prefabricated panels or sheets. The joint sealing shall be arranged in external
walls.
Enclosed structures without the thermal insulation may be applied for buildings and
premises with the evident heat excess of more than 50 W/m3, arranging (when necessary) the local
heating of places with the permanent stay of workers.
Partitions shall be constructed of prefabricated panels, or as a framework filled in with
board or sheet materials.
2.54. The window openings which are not intended for ventilation and smoke exhaust,
shall be filled in with non-operable glazed sashes or with the corrugated glass. The operable leafs
in interior sashes shall be provided in window openings with double or triple glazing for cleaning
purposes. The sashes designated for ventilation and smoke exhaust shall be provided with the
mechanically driven closer.
2.55. The sealing of joints between the glazing and the sash as well as the gasket ledge
sealing shall be provided in premises with moist or wet processes for the elimination of the moist
air penetration into the inter-glass space. The places of connection of walls and windows in such
premises shall be protected against the moisture by means of water disposing and the vapor-
insulation of slopes.
2.56. The standard gates shall be installed. The possibility of the manual control shall be
also ensured for remotely operated or automatic gates. The gate clear opening shall exceed the
size of a fully loaded vehicle by at least 0.2 m in height and by 0.6 m in width.
 Page18 CNT 3.04.08-94

Stairs

2.57. The slope of stair flights shall be 1:2. The tread width shall be 0.2 m. The slope of
stair flights in basement stories and lofts may be adopted as 1:1.5 while the tread width shall be
0.26 m.
2.58. The interior open stair slope (in the absence of walls enclosing stair) shall not be
steeper than 1:1. The slope of open stairs leading to individual work stations may be increased up
to 2:1.
Vertical stairs 0.6 m wide may be designed for the visual inspection of the equipment if
the climbing height does not exceed 10 m.
2.59. The external open steel stairs designed for the emergency escape of people shall not
be steeper than 1:1 and narrower than 0.7 m. The stairs shall have landings at the level of the
emergency exits as well as the railing at least 1.2 m high. Such stairs shall be mounted on blind
(without windows) walls whenever possible. Stairs shall have fire resistance rate of not less than
0.5 hr and the fire propagation limit equalling to zero, and shall be placed at a distance of not less
than 1 m from the window openings.
2.60. One exit to the roof for buildings with the height of 10 m or more (measured from
the sidewalk elevation to the cornice or the parapet top) shall be designed for every complete or
incomplete 40,000 m2 of the roof area:
In one-storied buildings without the emergency stairways, the exit shall be arranged
through the external open steel stairs designed in compliance with Section 2.59;
in multistoried buildings the exit shall be provided from the staircase.
The external open steel stairs designed in compliance with Section 2.59 for the exit to the
roof may be designed in buildings with the height not exceeding 30 m (measured from the
sidewalk elevation to the finished floor level of the upper story) in case the arrangement of the
staircase within the height of the upper story for the exit to the roof is not feasible.
It is allowed not to arrange the exit to the roof in one-storied buildings with the roof area
of not more than 100 m2.
2.61. The external steel fire escape ladders designed in accordance with Fire Code shall
be installed on buildings with the height exceeding 10 m (measured from the sidewalk elevation
to the cornice or the parapet top) as well as on the elevation drops and on the roofs of aeration
skylights.
When determining the number and location of the external steel fire escape ladders, the
external stairways for the emergency escape of people (see Section 2.59) as well as for the exit to
the roof (see Section 2.60) shall also be taken into account.
 CNT 3.04.08-94 Page 19

3. WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE.

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

3.1. While working on design of water supply and sewerage, heating, ventilation and air
conditioning the following normative documents shall be used:

CNT 3.05.02-94 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”

CNT 3.05.04-94. “Heat supply networks”
CNT 2.04.01-98 “Indoor plumbing and sewerage system of buildings”
CNT 2.04.03-98 “Sewerage. Public utilities.”
CNT 2.04.02-2000 “Water supply. Public utilities”.
CNT 2.04.19-2000 “Power supply of industrial buildings”
 Page20 CNT 3.04.08-94

APPENDIX
Mandatory

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Mezzanine is a landing inside of a building where premises of various use (industrial,

administrative, service ones or premises intended for the engineering and utility equipment) are
located.

Insert (or built-in structure) in a one-story industrial building is a two-storied or

multistoried part of a building located within the entire one-story building height and width (in
case of the insert), or within a part of the height and width (in case of the built-in structure) and
separated by enclosing structures.

Utility equipment of a building is a system of devices, mechanisms, machines and

networks which ensures the supply and disposal of liquids, gases and electric energy (water
supply, gas supply, heating, electric, sewage disposal and ventilation equipment).

Prefabricated reusable building or structure – building or structure of complete

delivery, the structure that makes possible to re-locate it.

Landing is a one-story structure (without walls) located inside or outside of a building,

resting on independent supports, building structures or equipment and intended for the
maintenance or repair of the equipment.

Tower type structure is a multi-storied framework structure (without walls) freely

standing inside or outside of a building and intended for the placement and servicing of
the technological and other equipment.
 CNT 3.04.08-94 Page 21

CONTENTS

1. GENERAL…………....……………………………………………………….……3
2. SPACE PLANNING AND STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS
Space planning concepts ………………………………………………………………….4
Emergency evacuation of people from buildings and premises…………………………….9
Structural concepts
General……………………………………………………………………………………..16
Building roofs.……..…………………………………………………………………….....16
Skylights……..……………………………………………………………………………..17
Walls and partitions....…………………………………………………………………...…18
Stairs.......…………………………………………………………………………………...18
3. WATER SUPPLY AND SEWAGE
HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING………………………………..19
Appendix. Obligatory
Terms and definitions …..…………………………………………………………………..20