;]o/ ahf/df nufgL / hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg ug]{ @^ ;'q

ltns sf]O/fnf - d]/f] nufgL 86sd_

;]o/ ahf/ hf]lvdsf] If]q xf] . oxfF k|a]z ug]{x?n] hf]lvd Aoxf]5{'
eg]/ ;f]Rg}k5{ . h;n] w]/} hf]lvd lnG5, p;n] w]/} sdfpF5 x}g, h;n]
hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf] w]/} pkfox? canDag u/]sf] x'G5, p;sf] nufgL
;'/lIft x'G5 . d]/f]nufgL 86sd k'gM k|:t't ub{5, nufgL / hf]lvd
Aoj:yfkgsf @^ ;'qM

!= ;a} sDkgLx?sf] ut aif{sf] laQLo laa/0f k|sflzt ul/;s]sf 5g\

eg] ca rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] klxnf] q}df;sf] ljQLo lja/0f k|sflzt ug]{
qmd ;'? x'g} nfu]sf] 5 . To:tf laQLo laa/0fx? cWoog ug{'xf];\ /
cfkm'n] nufgL u/]sf] sDkgLsf] af/]df hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{'xf];\ . cl3Nnf
aif{x?sf] laQLo laa/0f;Fu t'ngf ug{'xf];\ . olb ut aif{ eGbf v'b gfkmf
a9fPsf] 5}g, lgl:qmo shf{ a9]sf] 5, k|lt z]o/ cfDbfgL 36]sf] 5, hu]8f
sf]if 36]sf] 5, gfkmf af8\g;Sg] x}l;ot 5}g eg] Tof] z]o/ a]lrlbg'xf];\ .
;"rgfdf kx'Fr ePsf nufgLstf{n] sDkgLx?sf] uf]Ko ;"rgf
klxNo} yfxf kfP/ z]o/ ahf/df rnv]n ug{;S5g\ . o;/L ;"rgf r'lxP/
z]o/ d"No prflnPsf sDkgLx?df cfkm'n] nufgL a9fpg' cl3 u+eL/
x'g'xf];\ . tkfOFn] kl5 ;"rgf yfxf kfP/ z]o/ lsGg hfFbf klxNo} ;'rgf
yfxf kfP/ z]o/ lsg]sfx? a]Rg] t/v/ ul//x]sf x'g;S5G, tkfOF d+xuf]
d"Nodf z]o/ lsg]/ 3f6fdf kg{;Sg'x'G5 .
klxn] ;:tf]df z]o/ lsg]/ a;]sfx?n] efpm a9]sf] a]nfdf a]R5g
eGg] s'/f ;w} x]Ssf /fvf}+ . ahf/df z]o/sf] dfu / cfk'lt{n] d"No 36a9
u/fpF5 . z]o/ dfu w]/} x'Fbf laqm]tfx?sf] r/d cefj ePsf] ca:yfdf
d"No w]/} a9\5 eg] laqm]tfx?sf] cf]O/f] nfUbf d"No tLa| ?kdf cf]/fnf]
nfU5 . ahf/sf] of] lgod a'em]/ nufgL ug{'k5{ .
tLa| ?kdf d"No tndfly ePsf] a]nf xtfl/P/ lsga]r ubf{ 3f6f
vfg'kg]{ ca:yf klg cfpFg;S5 . ;w} xf]l;of/ agf} .
 
@= ut aif{ v'b gfkmf / k|lt z]o/ cfDbfgL a9fpg g;s]/ hu]8f sf]if
l/Qf] /x]sf jf lgl:qmo shf{ % k|ltzt eGbf a9L ePsf sDkgLx? yf/f]
ufO{ x'g\ lsgeg] ltgLx? o;kfln AofpFb}gg\ . To;nfO{ a]lrxfNg'; / gfkmf
;'/lIft ug{xf];\ . lxGb' wd{ cg';f/ ufO{ a]Rg' kfk xf]nf t/ z]o/ ahf/sf
o:tf yf/f ufO{ a]Rbf kfk x}g, cfly{s ;'v / zflGt ldNb5 . o:tf yf/f
ufO{ ga]rL /fVg'eof] eg] k/fn, 3f+;, 9'6f]sf] vr{ dfq} x'G5, b'w cyft{
nfef+z s]xL kfO{Gg .
ut aif{ pNn]vgLo ?kdf k"FhL a9fPsf sDkgLx?n] ;f]xL
cg'kftdf o; cfly{s aif{sf] klxnf] q}df;sf] laQLo laa/0fdf k|ult
u/]sf] b]vfpFg;S5g\ ls ;Sb}gg\ hfFr]/ dfq To:tf sDkgLsf] ;]o/df
nufgL ug{'xf];\ .
dh{ / PlSjlhzgdf hfg] / ;]o/ sf/f]af/ /f]lsg] sDkgLx?sf]
;]o/ ;s];Dd lsGb} glsGg'xf];\ lsgeg] /fi6«a]+sn] lbPsf] k"FhL a[l4sf]
;dol;df ;lsg ca ( dlxgf dfq afFsL /x]sfn] tL sDkgLx? a]lrP/
jf ufleP/ km]l/ ;]o/ sf/f]af/ v'Ng ;do nfUg]5, Tof] aLrdf ahf/df
x'g] ptf/ r9fjaf6 tkfOFn] kmfO{bf lng;Sg' x'g] 5}g .

#= cfkm'n] lsgsf] z]o/ d"No /fd|} a9]sf] 5 t/ C0f lnP/ / s;};Fu ;fk6L
dfu]/ z]o/ ahf/df nufgL ug{'ePsf] 5 eg] d"No a9]sf] z]o/ a]r]/ C0f
ltg{'xf];\ . o;/L C0f ltg{ k'Ug] z]o/ a]r]kl5 tkfOF;Fu hlQ z]o/ afFsL
x'G5, Tof] tkfOFsf] v'b gfkmf eof] . ca tkfO{nfO{ hf]lvd ;'Go a/fa/
x'g]5 . ;'Go hf]lvddf /x]sf z]o/ ga]rL kfn]/} /fVbf klg bL3{sfndf c?
w]/} kmfO{bf x'G5 . C0fdf grNg]x? cfhef]ln sd} x'G5g\ t/ C0f
Aoj:yfkg /fd|f];Fu ul/Pg eg] To;n] dfgl;s lrGtf / tgfj a9fpF5 .
C0f Aoj:yfkg /fd|/L gubf{ sltko s/f]8kltx? lwtf] lnnfd eP/
;8sdf k'u]sf klg e]l6G5g\ . To;}n] z]o/df kmfO{bf / gfkmf x'Fbf ;a}eGbf
klxn] C0f ltg]{ g} hf]lvdaf6 aRg] pQd pkfo xf] .

$= z]o/ a]Rg] ;jfndf cfkm';Fu ePsf] z]o/x?nfO{ $ efudf af8\g'xf];\

. klxnf] efudf v/fa sDkgLsf z]o/x? /fVg'xf];\ . bf];|f] efudf sdzn
 
sDkgLx? /fVg'xf];\ . t];|f] efudf xsk|b dfq} lbg] jf cfkm'n] xfn]sf]
d"Nosf] t'ngfdf sd nfef+z lbg] sDkgLx?nfO{ /fVg'xf];\ . rf}yf] efudf
/fd|f sDkgLsf ;:tf]df lslgPsf z]o/x?, vf;u/L cfO{kLcf]df k/]sf
z]o/x? o; au{df /fVg'xf];\. klxnf] efusf] z]o/ gfkmf ePsf] lbg
a]lrxfNg';\ . bf];|f] efusf z]o/x? d"No a9] klg larf/ u/]/ a]Rg'xf];\ .
t];|f] efusf sDkgLsf z]o/x?sf] k|ult ;dLIff ug{'xf];\ / w]/} d'No cfPdf
dfq a]Rg'xf];\ . rf}yf] efudf /flvPsf z]o/x? hLjge/ /fv] klg km/s
kb}{g .

%=z]o/ lsGbf xsk|b eGbf af]g; lbg] sDkgLx? 5fGg'xf];\ . clxn] /fi6«
a}+sn] tf]s]sf] r'Qmf k"FhL k'of{pFg /fd|fn] eGbf g/fd|f sDkgLn] xsk|b z]o/
hf/L ug]{ qmd tLa kf/]sf 5g\ . xsk|b hf/L ug]{ eg]sf] sDkgLn] tkfOFaf6
k};f lng] xf] t/ af]g; z]o/ sDkgLn] tkfOFnfO{ lbg] xf] . sltko sDkgLn]
b'O{ ;o k|ltzt;Dd xsk|b hf/L ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]df To;sf ;+:yfksx?n]
xsk|b xfNg] k};f h'6fpg g;s]/ z]o/ a]Rb} lx8]sf] klg kfO{Psf] 5 .
tkfOF;Fu !) j6f sDkgLsf] z]o/ 5 / tL ;a}sf] xsk|b eg{'kof]{ eg]
tkfOFsf] klg xfnt v/fa x'g] lbg cfpFg;S5 . yf]/} lsQf xsk|b eg{'kg]{
5 eg] t /sd hf]xf] ug{;Sg' xf]nf gq w]/} eP xsk|b eg{ k};f vf]Hb}sf]
x}/fg .
xfn}sf lbgx?df nufgLstf{n] xsk|b eg]{ u/L ;]o/ /fVg'sf] ;§f
;]o/wgL btf{ lstfa aGb x'g' cufa} ;]o/ laqmL u/]/ a? bf];|f] ahf/af6
lsGbf ;:tf] k/]sf] sof}+ pbfx/0f klg 5g\ . s[lif lasf; a}+s nufotsf
sDkgLx?df ToxL ePsf] 5 .
/fd|f sDkgLn] w]/} af]g; z]o/ lbP/ / yf]/} xsk|b hf/L u/]/ jf
c? ;+:yfnfO{ lsg]/ k"FhL a9fpF5g\ t/ g/fd|fn] xsk|bs} ;xf/f lng] xf] .
s'g} sDkgLn] w]/} cyf{t xfnsf] k"FhLsf] bf]Aa/ xsk|b z]o/ hf/L ug]{ lg0f{o
;fj{hlgs uof]{ eGb}df prflnP/ z]o/ glsGg'xf];\ lsgeg] tL sDkgLn]
tkfOFaf6 k};f p7fpFg nfu]sf x'g\ . sDkgLn] xsk|b hf/L ug]{ 3f]if0ff
ub}{df tTsfn Tof] z]o/ lsGg kfO{g] klg x}g, k|lqmof k'/f u/L Tof] laqmLdf
cfpg slDtdf tLg dlxgf nfU5 . /fd|f sDkgLsf] xsk|b lsGbf kmfO{b}
x'G5 t/ v/fa sDkgLx?sf] xsk|bn] vf;} nfe lbb}g, z]o/sf] d"No a9\nf
 
ls eGg] cfz dfq} xf] . To;}n] xsk|bsf] xNnfdf prflng / a's{';L{ df/]/
d'No a9]sf z]o/ lsGg cfh} 5f8\g'xf]:, gq l/nfoan 8]Enkd]G6 a}+sdf
nufgLstf{n] kfP h:t}} wf]sf vfg' knf{ .

^= z]o/ lsGbf cl3Nnf] aif{ eGbf ut aif{ v'b gfkmf / k|lt z]o/ cfDbfgL
pNn]vgLo ?kdf a9fPsf -k|lt z]o/ slDtdf @) b]lv #) ?k}ofF_, r'Qmf
k"FhL w]/} ePsf, hu]8f sf]if r'Qmf k"FhLsf] xf/fxf/L jf To;sf] cf3f sd
eP klg 7Ls} 5, lgl:qmo shf{ % k|ltzt eGbf sd ePsf, z]o/sf] efpm
& ;o eGbf sd ePsf, d"No cfDbfgL cg'kft @% u'0ff eGbf sd ePsf,
8'a]sf] C0f p7fP/ / ;Dklt a]r]/ x}g, Aofh cfDbfgL, ;+rfng d'gfkmf /
lgoldt sf/f]af/af6 w]/} sdfPsf, k"FhLsf]if !! k|ltzt eGbf dfly ePsf,
af]g; z]o/af6} k"FhL a[l4 ug]{ Ifdtf /fVg], cl3Nnf aif{x?df nfef+z
lat/0fsf] b/ a9fpFb} cfPsf / ut aif{sf] nfef+z klg a9fP/} lbg] ;+s]t
lbPsf, ;+rfnsx? /fd|f / ;+:yfut ;'zf;g ePsf, dh{df uP/ nfdf]
;do z]o/ sf/f]af/ /f]lsg] ;+efjgf gePsf sDkgLx?sf] z]o/ lsGg'xf];\
. hf]lvd axg Ifdtf ePsf o:tf /fd|f / ;:tf sDkgLx? z]o/ ahf/df
y'k|} 5g\ .

&= cfhsf] ef]ln bf]Aa/ kmfO{bf x'G5 eg]/ x}g, slDtdf tLg aif{sf nflu
nufgL ub}{5' eg]/ ;f]Rg'xf];\ . tkfO{ z]o/ sf/f]af/L x}g, nufgLstf{ xf] .
tkfOFn] ug]{ bL3{sfnLg nufgL g} xf] / o;/L nufgL ul/Pdf cfkm'n]
lsg]sf] z]o/sf] d"No tTsfn 36] klg bL3{sfndf To;n] lbg] nffef+zaf6
kmfO{bf g} x'G5 eg]/ ;f]Rg'xf];\ . cfO{kLcf] xfNbf k/]sf jf ;:tf]df lslgPsf
z]o/ cflQP/ a]Rg' kb}{g . k};fsf] cfaZostf eP, /fd|f] sDkgLsf] z]o/
;xh ?kdf a]r/] uhf]{ 6fg{ ;Sg] ;+efjgf t ;w} x'g] u5{ . z]o/ a}+sdf
lwtf] /fv]/ shf{ klg kfO{G5 .

*= xNnfsf e/df nufgL ub}{ gug{'xf];\ . z]o/ ahf/df cg]s xNnf rN5g\
. To:tf xNnfsf] k5fl8 ;Totf slQ 5 eg]/ hfRg'xf];\ . ;xL 7xl/Pdf
dfq kTofpg'xf]:, To;sf] k|efj cfFsng ug{'xf];\ / clg s] ug]{ eg]/
ljj]sk"0f{ lg0f{o ug{'xf];\ .
 
(= z]o/ ahf/ qmdzM psfnf] nfUb} ubf{ klxn] z]o/ lsg]/ a;]sfx?
a9]sf] d"Nodf z]o/ a]Rb} hfG5G, ahf/ a9]sf] xNnf rf/}lt/ km}lnPkl5
gofF / ;fgf nufgLstf{x? ahf/ k|a]z ug]{ qmd klg tLa| x'G5 . k'/fgf /
klxNo} z]o/ lsg]/ a;]sfx? a9]sf] d"Nodf z]o/ a]r]/ aflx/ lg:sG5G,
gofF / ;fgf nufgLstf{sf] xftdf dx+uf] z]o/ k5{ . t/ ahf/ ;w} al9
klg /xb}g, pRrtd laGb'df k'u]kl5 l:y/ x'G5 jf tnlt/ emg{ yfN5 t/
Tof] pRrtd laGb' s'g xf] eg]/ s;}n] eGg ;Sb}g . To;}n] cfkm' slt
hf]lvddf 5' eg]/ nufgLstf{ :jo+n] olsg ug{'k5{ .

!)= z]o/ ahf/df s'gsf] d"No w]/} a9]sf] 5 eg]/ nufgL ug]{ x}g, s'gsf]
d"No a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g, cjd"Nogsf] ca:yfdf 5 / a9\g'kg]{ cfwf/ klg
5 eg]/ vf]hL u/L nufgL ug{'k5{ . sltko sdhf]/ sDkgLx?sf] z]o/
;+Vof ahf/df sd x'G5, cfwf/e't ca:yf klg lgs} sdhf]/ x'G5 t/
d"No eg] b}lgs !) k|ltztn] al9/x]sf] x'G5, To;d} nufgL ubf{ sdfO{g]
/x]5 eGg] ;f]r]/ nufgL ul/of] eg] kml;G5 lsgeg] To:tf sDkgLx?sf]
z]o/ l;ldt AolQmsf] xftdf x'G5 / pgLx?n] z]o/ lsGg 5f8\g] lalQs}
km]l/ !) k|ltztn] d"No tn emg{ yfN5 . gofF / ;fgf nufgLstf{x? o:tf
sDkgLx?af6 ;b}a 6f9f /xg'k5{ .

!!= c? nufgLstf{, z]o/ bnfn, cgnfO{g jf c? s'g} ;+rf/ dfWodsf]

;Nnfxdf dfq tkfOFn] nufgL ug{'ePsf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ cfh} /f]s]/ cfˆgf]
lg0f{odf nufgL ug]{ ug{'xf];\ .;Nnfx ;a}sf] lng';, lg0f{o cfkm'n] ug{';\ .
tkfOFn] ug]{ nufgLdf tkfOFsf] lg0f{o g} d'Vo xf], olb c?sf] axsfp /
nx}nx}df sdhf]/ ca:yfsf sDkgLx?sf] z]o/df nufgL ug{'eof] /
8'Ag'eof] eg] sf]xL klg p4f/ ug{ cfpg] 5}gg\ .
kqklqsf jf cgnfO{gx?df cfpg] ;dfrf/af6 klg tTsfn}
cft+lst gx'g'; lsgeg] ;a} ;dfrf/ ;To x'Fb}gg\ . ;dfrf/nfO{ tYo;Fu
;fIffTsf/ u/fpg'xf];\ jf:tljstf cfkm} yfxf kfO{G5 .

 
!@= ;]o/ lsGg] larf/ ubf{ /fd|f !) j6f sDkgL 5fGg'xf];\ / ;dfg 9+un]
nufgL ug{'xf];\ . cfkm';Fu ePsf] ;a} k};f nufP/ Ps}rf]6L Pp6} sDkgLsf]
z]o/ glsGg'xf];\ . /fd|f sDkgLx? 5fg]/ kf]6{kmf]lnof] agfpg'xf];\ / To:tf
sDkgLx?sf] z]o/ yf]/} yf]/} lsGg'xf];\ . Pp6f sDkgL 3f6fdf uof] eg]
klg csf]{ sDkgLn] lbg] k|ltkmnn] tkfO{nfO{ gfkmfdf n}hfg;S5 . . z]o/
lsg]/ klg s]xL k};f cfkm';Fu ;w} hu]8f /fVg'xf];\ . ;:tf]df /fd|f]
sDkgLsf] z]o/ lsGg] df}sf ahf/df hlxn] klg cfO{/xG5 .

!#= ahf/ 36]sf] a]nf z]o/ lsGg'xf];\ / a9]sf] ahf/df a]Rg'xf];\ . ahf/
a9\b} hfFbf qmdz a9]sf] d'Nodf a]r]/ gfkmf ;'/lIft ug{af6 gr'Sg'xf];\ .
g]kfnsf w]/} ;fgf / gofF nufgLstf{df ahf/ 36]sf] a]nfdf z]o/ a]Rg
xtfl/g] / a9]sf] a]nfdf d"No dfly uP/ z]o/ lsGg] k|a[lQ 5, To;af6
tkfOF rfFxL d'Qm x'g'xf];\ .

!$= a9]sf] ahf/df z]o/ a]r]kl5 tTsfn} csf]{ z]o/ glsgL xfNg'; /
s]xL lbg kv{g'xf];\ . ahf/ 36\g] df}sf s'/]/ a:g'xf];\ . ha ahf/ Pp6f
laGb';Dd 36\5, ta yf]/} yf]/} z]o/ lsGb} hfg'xf]:, hlt tn ahf/ hfG5,
TolQ w]/} lsGb} hfg'xf];\ . km]l/ ahf/ dfly hfg yfN5, a]Rg] qmd ;'?
ug{'xf];\ . tkfOFn] tLg aif{sf nflu eg]/ lsg]sf] z]o/ 5 eg] klg d"No
w]/} a9]df a]r]/ gfkmf ;'/lIft ug{'xf];\ .

!%= z]o/ ahf/sf] a9fO{ / 36fO{df k|efj kfg]{ s'/fx? laleGg x'g;S5g\
. b]zsf] cy{tGq, /fhgLlt, cdg r}g, o'4, czflGt, ljklQ, lgodgsf/L
lgsfox?sf] sbd, ahf/df nufgL ug]{x?sf] cfTdan / dgf]a[lQ, a}+s
Aofh, c? If]qdf nufgL hfg] ca:yf, ahf/ ;'wf/ / la:tf/sf sbdx?,
;fd'lxs nufgL sf]if / ;+:yfut nufgLstf{x?sf] a9\bf] pkl:ylt,
sDkgLx?sf] ca:yf nufotsf s'/fx?n] z]o/ ahf/df k|efj kfg]{ u5{ .
slxn] sfFxL s] sf/0fn] z]o/ ahf/ 36\of] jf a9\of] eGg] sf/0f g} kQf
nufpFg ;lsGg . c? s'/f h]h:tf] eP klg nufgLstf{sf] dgf]an d'Vo
s'/f xf], cfd nufgLstf{x?sf] dgf]an v:sg] / a9\g] s'/fsf] cfFsng
klg af/Daf/ ul//xg'k5{ .
 
!^= z]o/ ahf/ hf]lvdsf] If]q xf] . z]o/ ahf/df nufgL u/]/ s/f]8klt
eO{G5 eGg] zLif{s dfq k9]/ / gf/fsf] e/df nufgL ug]{ x}g . sDkgLsf]
cfwf/e't ca:yf a'em]/ nufgL ug]{ xf] . a'l4 k'of{O{Pg, ;'/lIft z]o/df
nufgL ul/Pg eg] To;af6 s+ufn klg aGg'kg]{ /x]5 eGg] lautsf sof}+
36gfaf6 kf7 l;s]/ nufgLsf] lg0f{o ug{'k5{ . cNk 1fg hxfF klg
xflgsf/s x'g;S5, cWoogzLn aGg'xf]:, la1tf xfl;n ug{'xf];\ /
nufgLsf] lg0f{o ug{'xf];\ .

!&= w]/} dxTjfsf+IfL gaGg'xf];\ . clxn]sf] z]o/ ahf/df klg w]/}

dxTjfsf+IfL eP/ s/f]8f} nufgL u/]sf nufgLstf{x? k5'tf] dflg/x]sf 5g\
/ cfkm'n] lsg]sf] z]o/sf] efpm dfq} cfP klg a]r]/ csf]{ z]o/df nufgL
uy]+ jf aflx/ lg:sGy] eg]/ df}sf kv]{/ s'g]{x? 5g\ . pgLx?n] prflnP/
dx+uf] d"Nodf To:tf sDkgLsf] z]o/ lsg]sf lyP h;sf] clxn] d'No 36]sf]
5 / z]o/sf] efpm km]l/ ToxL lsg]sf] laGb'df k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g, 3f6f
wfGgu/L nfef+z kfpg] 5fF6 klg 5}g . s]xLn] 3f6} vfP/ klg ;]o/ a]r]/
aflx/ lgl:sPsf klg 5g\ To;f]f ug{ cfaZos lyPg . /fd|f] sDkgL eGb}df
dx+uf] d'Nodf z]o/ lsGbf klg o:t} lgolt ef]Ug'k5{ . sd;] sd tkfOF
rfFxL To;af6 aRg'xf];\ .

!*= g]K;] a9]sf]df xif{ a9fOF ug]{ / 36]sf]df lrGtf ug]{ afgL 5f8\g'xf];\ .
cfkm'n] lsg]sf] z]o/sf] d"No slt a9\of] jf 36\of] eGg] s'/fdf al9 s]lG›t
x'g'xf];\ . sltko ;dodf g]K;] a9] klg tkfOFn] lsgsf] z]o/sf] efpm
3l6/x]sf] x'G5 / g]K;] 36] klg tkfFOsf] z]o/sf] d"No laleGg sf/0fn]
;ls{6 nfu]/ a9]sf] x'G5 .
z]o/ a]r]/ gfkmf ;'/lIft u/]kl5 cfkm'n] a]r]sf] z]o/sf] efpm c?
a9\g ;S5 / z]o/sf] d"No a9\b} uPsf] a]nf ga]rL /fVbf d'No 36]/ km]l/
tn cfpg;S5 . z]o/ a]r]/ gfkmf ;'/lIft u/L k5'tfpg] ls z]o/ ga]rL
/fVbf d"No 36]/ 3f6f vfO{ k5'tfpg] < z]o/sf] d"No a9\bf ga]rL /fv]/
km]l/ d'No 36L k5'tfpg' eGbf gfkmf ;'/lIft u/]/ d'No a9]df k5'tfpg'
/fd|f] xf] .
 
!(= ;|f]t gv'n]sf], x'08L jf cGo ca}w tj/n] cfPsf] /sd k|of]u u/]/
z]o/ ahf/df nufgL gug{'xf];\ lsgeg] To;sf] ;|f]t k'li6 ug{;Sg' ePg
eg] tkfOFnfO{ ;Dklt z'l4s/0fsf] d'4f nfUg;S5 . o:tf d'4fx?
cGt{/fli6«o rf;f]sf klg x'g;S5g\ . ;fgf] nf]en] 7"nf] emd]nf / ckm7]/f]df
kg{ ;lsG5 eGg] x]Ssf ;b}a /fVg'xf];\ / z]o/ lsga]r ubf{sf] /sd n]gb]g
a}+sdfkm{t dfq ug{'xf];\ .

@)= z]o/ sf/f]af/ ubf{ /fd|f] Aoj:yfkg ePsf] / la:jfl;nf] z]o/

bnfnsf] sfof{no /f]Hg'xf];\ . sltko bnfnx?n] lgodgsf/L lgsfosf]
lgb]{zg kfngf gubf{ sf/afxL ef]u]/ z]o/ sf/f]af/ g} /f]Ssf x'g] u/]sf]
klg x'g;S5 . To:tfsf] sfof{nodf uP/ k|of]ustf{sf] gfd / sf/f]af/
sf]8 btf{ u/fpg' ePsf] 5 eg] bnfnnfO{ sf/f]af/af6 a+lrt ul/bfsf]
df/ tkfOFn] klg v]Kg'k5{, z]o/ lsga]r ug{ kfO{Gg .

@!= z]o/ ahf/ eGbf aflx/ z]o/ lsga]r ub}{ gug{'xf];\ . clxn] ;a} z]o/
sf/f]af/ g]K;]sf] sf/f]af/ k|0ffnLdfkm{t sfuh/lxt ta/n] x'g] x'Fbf aflx/
sfuhL d'r'Nsf p7fP/ ul/Psf] z]o/ lsga]r / n]gb]g sfd nfUb}gg\ /
To;sf] sfg'gL cfwf/ klg x'Gg . ;'lr[st sDkgLsf] z]o/ gePdf s'/}
;lsof], ;'lrs[t sDkgLsf] eP klg sfuhL lnvtsf cfwf/df tkfOFn]
lsg]sf] z]o/ tkfOFsf] gfddf cef}lts vftfdf Nofpg cg]s emd]nf
x'g;S5 . To:tf]df km:b} gkm:g'xf];\ .

@@=s:tf] z]o/df nufgL ug]{ eGg] kof{Kt 1fg / cg'ej 5}g eg] ;fd'lxs
nufgL sf]ifx?sf] z]o/ lsga]rsf] dfl;s k|lta]bg x]g{'xf];\ / pgLx?n]
s:tf s:tf z]o/x? a9L ;+Vofdf lslg/x]sf 5g\ eGg] a'em]/ k5\ofpg'xf];\
. ;fd'lxs nufgL sf]ifx?n] la1x?sf] 6f]nLaf6 cWoog u/fP/ s:tf
sDkgLdf nufgL ug]{ / hf]lvd s;/L Go'gLs/0f ug]{ eGg] of]hgf agfPsf
x'G5g\ . ;fd'lxs nufgL sf]ifsf] kf]6{kmf]lnof] cWoogsf] cfwf/df cfkm}n]
kf]6{kmf]lnof] agfP/ nufgL ug{ ;lsGg eg] ;fd'lxs nufgL sf]ifx?s}
 
O{sfO{ vl/b u/]/ a:g'xf];\ . tkfOFsf] k};fn] pgLx?n] z]o/ lsG5g\ /
hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg u/L z]o/ ahf/af6 gfkmf u/]/ tkfOFnfO{ kfFr aif{kl5
O{sfO{ vl/bdf nufgL u/]sf] eGbf w]/} k};f lkmtf{ lbg]5g\ . tkfOFn] aflif{s
?kdf nfef+z kfpg] s'/f klg x'G5 / rfx]sf] a]nfdf To:tf O{sfO{x? z]o/
ahf/df ;lhn} laqmL ug{ klg ;Sg'x'G5 .
gofF / ;fgf nufgLstf{n] sDkgLx?n] lgZsfzg ug]{ ;fwf/0f z]o/
cyf{t cfO{kLcf]df nufgL ug{' t emg\ ;'/lIft pkfo xf] . t/ cfhef]ln
;fwf/0f z]o/ lgZsfzg ug]{ sDkgLx?sf] laqmLdf cfpg] z]o/ ;+Vof yf]/}
x'g] / z]o/ dfu yg]{ nufgLstf{ w]/} x'g] ePsfn] lr¶f k|0ffnLaf6 z]o/
afF8kmfF6 x'g] u/]sf] 5 / w]/} /sd km;fpg' klg a]sf/ b]lvPsf] 5 . o:tf]
a]nf cfkm' / cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf gfddf yf]/} /sdsf] cfa]bg ug{'xf]:, ;fgf]
/ yf]/} lsQf ;fwf/0f z]o/ lgZsfzg ug]{ sDkgLsf] cfO{kLcf] cfa]bgdf
w]/} /sd km;fP/ kmfO{bf 5}g .
;+rfnsx?n] abdf;L ul//x]sf / ;+:yfut ;'zf;gsf] ca:yf
bogLo /x]sf sltko sDkgLx?n] ;fwf/0f ;]o/ lgZsfzg ubf{ pQ]lht
eP/ nufgL gug{'xf]:, To:tf sDkgLn] tkfOFnfO{ kl5 cˆ7]/f]df kfg{;S5G,
nfef+z kfpg t s] ;]o/df xfn]sf] k};f g} p7fpFg nfdf] ;do s'g{'k/{\g]
x'g;S5 . ;fwf/0f ;]o/df nufgL ug{'cl3 ;a} s'/f /fd|/L a'‰g'xf];\ .

@#= /fd|f sDkgLsf] ;fwf/0f z]o/ lgZsfzg x'Fbf tkfOFn] k|lt lsQf Ps
;o ?k}ofFdf lsGg] ca;/ kfpg' ePsf] lyof] eg] To:tf sDkgLsf] z]o/
d"No hlQ dx+uf] eP klg ga]rL /fVbf g} kmfO{bf x'G5 . ;'?df nufgL
ul/Psf] Ps;o ?k}ofFsf] z]o/n] af]g; / gub nfef+z k|fKt ubf{ / z]o/sf]
xfnsf] d"No lx;fj ubf{ tkfO{nfO{ sof}+ u'0ff kmfO{bf eO{;s]sf] 5 / cfufdL
lbgdf c? w]/} nfe x'g]5 . a]Rg g} dg nfUof] jf k};fsf] rsf]{ cfaZostf
eof] eg] af]g; / xsk|b jfkt k|fKt ePsf s]xL z]o/x? a]Rbf 7Ls} x'G5
.

@$= lautdf v/fa ca:yfdf k'u]/ qmdzM ;'wf/ x'Fb} u/]sf sDkgLx?sf]
z]o/ d"No tn 5 eg] To:tf sDkgLx?df klg yf]/} nufgL u/]/ /fVbf
elaiodf kmfO{bf x'g;S5 .
 
@%= dfs]{6 8]Ay dfq} x]/]/ z]o/ lsGg] / a]Rg] sfo{ gug{'xf];\ . sltko
36gfx?df v/fa sDkgLsf] z]o/ a]Rg'kbf{ dfs]{6 8]Aysf] lsGg]tkm{ sd
d"Nodf z]o/ lsGg a;]sf] z]o/ ;+Vof w]/} b]vfO{G5 / a9L d"Nodf lsGg
a;]sf] z]o/ ;+Vof sd /fv]/ z]o/sf] efpm a9fO{G5 . o:tf] a]nf a]Rgdf
/flvPsf z]o/ ;+Vof clt Go'g jf sd x'G5 . yf]/} lsQf /fv]/ a9L d"No
b]vfO{Psf] kfO{G5 . z]o/sf] s[lqd cefj l;h{gf u/fP/ dfu / cfk'lt{sf]
lgodnfO{ k|efljt kf/L sd;n z]o/ dx+uf]df a]Rg]x? klg x'G5g\ .
csf]{tkm{ /fd|f] sDkgLsf] z]o/ lsGg]x?n] laqmLdf w]/} lsQf b]vfP/
lsGg a;]sf] tkm{ z]o/ g} gb]vfO{ ;:tf]df z]o/ p7fpg] v]n u/]sf x'G5g\
. dfs]{6 8]Ay ;a{;fwf/0f nufgLstf{sf] kx'Frdf k'u]kl5 To;df e|d l;h{gf
ug]{ sfdx? klg ePsf 5g\ . o:tf ckfs[lts sf/f]af/af6 gofF / ;fgf
nufgLstf{x? aRg'k5{ .

@^= z]o/ ahf/df a'em]/ nufgL ug{' rfFxL /fd|f] s'/f xf] t/ cfkm'n] ub}{
cfPsf] Aofkf/ Aoj;fo, gf]s/L ;a} 5f8]/ nfUg] d'v{tf rfFxL gug{'xf];\ .
o;/L ;a} Wofg z]o/ ahf/d} nufpg'eof] eg] tkfOFsf] Aofkf/ Aoj;fosf]
sf/f]af/ rf}k§ x'G5 / gf]s/L klg ;d:ofdf kg{;S5 . ef]ln z]o/ ahf/df
;d:of cfpg] lalQs} hLjg u'hf/fsf] ljsNk vf]Hg' kbf{ cg]s tgfa
em]Ng'k5{ . bL3{sfnLg lx;fan] ul/Psf] ;'/lIft z]o/ nufgLdf lbglbg}
36a9\ x'g] ahf/ x]/]/ lrGtf ug{'kg]{ / xf}l;g' kg]{ cfaZostf 5}g . t/
sDkgLn] hf/L ug]{ ;"rgf / k|ult laa/0f rfFxL yfxf kfO{/fVg'k5{ .

lgisif{
;'/lIft nufgL ul/Psf] ca:yfdf g]kfnsf] z]o/ ahf/df cfufdL
lbgx?df u'dfpg] eGbf sdfpg ;lsg] ;+efjgf g} a9L 5 . sfuhL
k|df0fkqsf] o'u ;dfKt eP/ k"0f{ cef}lts z]o/ lsga]r, z]o/ k|df0f kq
gfd;f/Ldf x'Fb} cfPsf] hfem]nsf] ;dflKt, rf/ sfo{ lbgdf lsGg]sf] l8Dof6
vftfdf z]o/ hDdf x'g] / z]o/ a]r]sf] rf/ sfo{ lbgdf nufgLstf{sf]
xftdf k};f x'g], ;+:yfut nufgLstf{ / ;fd'lxs nufgL sf]ifx?sf] a9\bf]
 
pkl:ylt, gofF lgZsfzg ePsf] ;fwf/0f z]o/ klg ca l;w} l8Dof6
vftfdf cfpg] h:tf P]ltxfl;s ;'wf/ sbdx?n] nufgLstf{df
cfTdla:jf; a9fPsf] 5 / z]o/ ahf/nfO{ prfO{df k'of{Psf] 5 .
a}+sx?df kof{Kt t/ntf, cGoq nufgL hfg g;Sg] ca:yf,
nufgLstf{x?df km}nbf] r]tgfn] klg ahf/ la:tf/nfO{ cf8 lbPsf] 5 .
z]o/ bnfn sldzg 36]kl5 nufgLstf{df c? xf};nf a9]sf] xf], o;af6
sf/f]af/ /sd klg ce'tk"j{ ?kdf a9]sf] 5 .
afl0fHo a}+sx?nfO{ a|f]s/ nfO{;]G;, cgnfO{g 6«]l88=, lSnol/8=
a}+s ylkg], lhNnf lhNnfdf a|f]s/sf] zfvf la:tf/ x'g], c? w]/}
nufgLstf{x? z]o/ ahf/df hf]l8g], z]o/ bnfn dfkm{t z]o/ lwtf] shf{
pknAw x'g], ahf/ la:tf/sf c? w]/} s'/f x'g] ;+efjgf /x]sfn] ;'/lIft
nufgL ug]{x?sf] lbg ;'gf}nf] 5 . t/ c;'/lIft nufgL ul/P aiff}{;Dd
k5'tfP/ a:g'kg]{ s'/fdf klg plQs} Wofg lbg' cfaZos b]lvG5 .
;]o/ ahf/ cfkm}df hf]lvdsf] If]q xf] . s'g a]nf s] x'G5 / To;sf]
k|efj ;]o/ ahf/df s:tf] k5{ eGg} ;lsGg . clxn] w]/} /fd|f] ;+efjgf
b]lvPsf] ;]o/ ahf/ ;w} o:t} /xnf sbfkL eGg ;lsGg .
csf]{ tkm{ ;]o/ ahf/df ghfg]sf gofF / ;fgf nufgLstf{ dfq}
km:5g eGg] klg x}g . ahf/sf af/]df /fd|f] bVvn /fVg] / c?nfO{
k9fpg]x? klg Aofkfl/s ;f]r /fVbf g/fd|/L km;]sf b]lvG5g\ . To;}n]
nufgL ;'/Iffsf nflu ahf/df k|a]z ug]{ ;a}n] hf]lvd af]s]s} x'G5g\ .
h;n] hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg u5{, p hf]luG5, g;Sg]x? km:5g\ t/ w}o{tf
eof] eg] km;]sfx? klg kmfO{bf u/]/ Ps lbg dfly cfpF5g\ .

:kli6s/0fM of] ;fdfu|L z]o/ ahf/sf gofF nufgLstf{x?sf] ;r]tgfsf

nflu xf], z]o/ ahf/ 36fpg], a9fpg] s'/f;Fu o;sf] s'g} ;DaGw 5}g .