Experiment No :-

SCHMITT TRIGGER CIRCUIT

AIM :- To study and design Schmitt trigger and it’s waveforms.

APPARATUS AND COMPONENTS :-

SR. COMPONENT SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

NO.
1 IC 741 -------- 1
2 Oscilloscope -------- 1
3 Resistors 5kΩ,2kΩ Each One
4 Connecting Wires Single Stranded As Per Requirement
5 Breadboard -------- 1
6 Dual Power Supply -------- 1
7 Function Generator -------- 1

THEORY :-
Schmitt trigger is a comparator circuit with hysteresis implemented by applying
positive feedback to the non-inverting input of a comparatoror differential amplifier.
It is an active circuit which converts an analog input signal to a digital output signal.
The circuit is named a “trigger” because the output retains its value until the input
changes sufficiently to trigger a change.
The circuit is named inverting since the output voltage always has an opposite
voltage when it is out of the hysteresis cycle (when the input voltage is above the
high threshold or below the low thresholds). However, if the input voltage is within
the hysteresis cycle(between the high and low thresholds), the circuit can be
inverting as wall as non-inverting. The output voltage is undefined, it depends on the
last state and the circuit behaves as an elementary latch.
To compare the two versions, the circuit operation will be considered at the same
conditions as above. If the Schmitt trigger is currently in the high state, the output
will be at the positive power supply rail(+VS). The output voltage V+ of the voltage
divider is:
Vut = [R1*(+Vsat)]/(R1+R2)

The comparator will switch when V in=V+. so Vin must exceed above this voltage to
get the output to switch.
Once the comparator output has switched to -Vs, the threshold becomes
Vit = [R1*(-Vsat)]/(R1+R2)

Schmitt triggers are typically used in open loop configurations for noise immunity
and closed loop configurations to implement generators.
PROCEDURE :-
1. Connect the circuit as per the diagram.
2. Apply the supply voltages of +13V to pin 7 and pin 4 of IC 741 respectively.
3. Apply the inputs V1 and V2.
4. Apply two different signals (DC) to the inputs.
5. Vary the input voltages and note down the corresponding output at pin 6 of
the IC 741.
6. Notice the output.

PRACTICAL OUTPUT :-
CALCULATIONS :-
OUTPUT :-

CONCLUSION :-
Thus, the Schmitt trigger is designed, and we observed the output on DSO
successfully.