Body System Checklist

Circulatory System

• Major functions of circulatory system

delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away wastes.

• Diagram that includes the major parts - heart, artery, vein, capillary - and list the function(s) of
each.

• Describe each of the components of blood- red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, & plasma

Red cells contain a special protein called hemoglobin, which helps carry oxygen from the lungs to the
rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs so it can be exhaled.

White blood cells are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against
both infectious disease and foreign invaders.

The normal platelet count is 150,000-350,000 per microliter of blood, but since platelets are so small,
they make up just a tiny fraction of the blood volume. The principal function of platelets is to prevent
bleeding. Red blood cells are the most numerous blood cell, about 5,000,000 per microliter.

A plasma is an ionized gas, a gas into which sufficient energy is provided to free electrons from atoms
or molecules and to allow both species, ions and electrons, to coexist.

• Describe the path blood travels through your body

Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-
poor blood from the body into the right atrium.

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Use 2 examples.

Each system relies on the other to keep the body functioning. The systems of the body includes the
circulatory, immune, skeletal, excretory, muscular, endocrine, digestive, nervous and respiratory. It is
important to understand how human body systems work together.

• Describe two diseases associated with your body system

viruses, such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia, enterovirus respiratory virus; and chronic diseases,
such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Digestive System

• Major functions of digestive system

The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption.

• Diagram that includes the major parts - mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver,
pancreas, and large intestine - and list the function(s) of each.

• Describe the path food travels throughout the digestive system.

It takes the food we ingest, breaks it down mechanically and chemically in the mouth and stomach. It
then absorbs nutrients, fats, proteins and water in the intestines before eliminating the waste through
the rectum.

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Use 2 examples.

Each system relies on the other to keep the body functioning. The systems of the body includes the
circulatory, immune, skeletal, excretory, muscular, endocrine, digestive, nervous and respiratory. It is
important to understand how human body systems work together.

Endocrine System

• Major functions of endocrine system

The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones, chemical substances
produced in the body that regulate the activity of cells or organs. These hormones regulate the body's
growth, metabolism, and sexual development and function.

• Describe what hormones are and what they do

Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. After being made in
one part of the body, they travel to other parts of the body where they help control how cells and
organs do their work.

• Diagram that includes the major parts - hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid,
adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes - and list the function(s) of each.
• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Use at least 2 examples.

Each system relies on the other to keep the body functioning. The systems of the body includes the
circulatory, immune, skeletal, excretory, muscular, endocrine, digestive, nervous and respiratory. It is
important to understand how human body systems work together.

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Diseases of the respiratory system. Diseases and conditions of the respiratory system fall into two
categories: viruses, such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia, enterovirus respiratory virus; and chronic
diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Excretory System

• Major functions of excretory system

The excretory system is the system of an organism's body that performs the function of excretion, the
bodily process of discharging wastes. The Excretory system is responsible for the elimination of wastes
produced by homeostasis.

• Diagram that includes the major parts - lungs, kidneys, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra, liver, and
skin - and list the function(s) of each.

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at least 2
examples.

Each system relies on the other to keep the body functioning. The systems of the body includes the
circulatory, immune, skeletal, excretory, muscular, endocrine, digestive, nervous and respiratory. It is
important to understand how human body systems work together.

• Find 5 fun facts about your body system.

 1. You’re already using 100% of your brain. The idea that humans only use 10% of their brain
capacity is a myth made popular by hucksters and movies.
2. You cry three types of tears: basal, reflex and emotional tears. As far as scientists can tell,
humans are the only species that cry for emotional reasons.
3. When you overeat sugary foods, you crave more of them. That’s because an overload of sugar
spikes dopamine levels and leaves you wanting more.
4. Whether you’re left-handed or right-handed, you were born that way. Today, about one-tenth
of the world’s population is left-handed.
5. Sitting for a long time is bad for your health. That’s because the human body is built for
movement. Take a deep breath, stand up and stretch!

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Diseases of the respiratory system. Diseases and conditions of the respiratory system fall into two
categories: viruses, such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia, enterovirus respiratory virus; and chronic
diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Muscular System

• Major functions of muscular system

As you have probably guessed, the main function of the muscular system is movement, but it also
helps stabilize our joints, maintain our posture and generate heat during activity. Movement of our
body can be voluntary and controlled by the skeletal muscles, or it can be involuntary and controlled
by smooth muscles.

• Describe the function and locations of each type of muscle – skeletal muscle, smooth muscle,
and cardiac muscle

The 3 types of muscle tissue are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. Cardiac muscle cells are located in the
walls of the heart, appear striated, and are under involuntary control.

• Diagram that includes the major muscles in the body - biceps, oblique abdominis, sartorius,
deltoid, orbicularis oculi, sternomastoid, gastrocnemius, pectoral, temporalis, gluteus maximus,
quadriceps, tibialis, masseter, rectus abdominis, and triceps

• Describe how muscles work in pairs to make parts of the body move using the biceps and triceps
as an example.
When one muscle is contracted, the other muscle from the pair is always elongated. For example, the
biceps and triceps muscles work together to allow you to bend and straighten your elbow. When you
want to bend your elbow, your biceps muscle contracts, and, at the same time, the triceps muscle
relaxes.

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at least 2
examples.

Each system relies on the other to keep the body functioning. The systems of the body includes the
circulatory, immune, skeletal, excretory, muscular, endocrine, digestive, nervous and respiratory. It is
important to understand how human body systems work together.

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Diseases of the respiratory system. Diseases and conditions of the respiratory system fall into two
categories: viruses, such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia, enterovirus respiratory virus; and chronic
diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Nervous System

• Description and major functions of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves in the body that lie outside of the spinal cord
and the brain. These nerves carry information to and from the central nervous system to provide
complex body functions. Sensory cells are involved in taking information from the periphery to the
central nervous system.

• Diagram that includes the major parts - brain, spinal cord, nerves, and neurons - and list the
function(s) of each.

• Describe the path a nerve impulse travels throughout your body from stimulus to response.

When a stimulus is received by a sensory neuron, the impulse is carried through fibrous extensions
called dendrites to the cell body.

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at least 2
examples.

Each system relies on the other to keep the body functioning. The systems of the body includes the
circulatory, immune, skeletal, excretory, muscular, endocrine, digestive, nervous and respiratory. It is
important to understand how human body systems work together.

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Diseases of the respiratory system. Diseases and conditions of the respiratory system fall into two
categories: viruses, such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia, enterovirus respiratory virus; and chronic
diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Respiratory System

• Major functions of respiratory system

The bloodstream delivers oxygen to cells and removes waste carbon dioxide through internal
respiration, another key function of the respiratory system. In this respiratory process, red blood cells
carry oxygen absorbed from the lungs around the body, through the vasculature.

• Diagram that includes the major parts - trachea, lungs, diaphragm, epiglottis, larynx, vocal cords
- and list the function(s) of each.

• Describe the “breathing” process.

When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. This
increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand. The intercostal muscles
between your ribs also help enlarge the chest cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage both upward
and outward when you inhale.

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at least 2
examples.

Each system relies on the other to keep the body functioning. The systems of the body includes the
circulatory, immune, skeletal, excretory, muscular, endocrine, digestive, nervous and respiratory. It is
important to understand how human body systems work together.

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Diseases of the respiratory system. Diseases and conditions of the respiratory system fall into two
categories: viruses, such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia, enterovirus respiratory virus; and chronic
diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Skeletal System

• Major functions of skeletal system

The adult human skeletal system consists of 206 bones, as well as a network of tendons, ligaments and
cartilage that connects them. The skeletal system performs vital functions — support, movement,
protection, blood cell production, calcium storage and endocrine regulation — that enable us to
survive.

• Diagram that includes the major parts -bones, ligaments, and tendon - and list the function(s) of
each. NOTE: Your diagram should also include the following bones in the body: cranium, clavicle,
humerus, scapula, sternum, rib, vertebra, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis (may list
parts), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, and metatarsals.

• Describe each of the following joints and where they are located: hinge, pivot, and ball-and-
socket. You may include other joints as well.

The six types of synovial joints are the pivot, hinge, saddle, plane, condyloid, and ball-and-socket
joints. Saddle and plane joints are found in your hands. The saddle joint makes your thumb opposable,
while the plane joints allow your small wrist bones to shift in relation to one another.

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at least 2
examples.

Each system relies on the other to keep the body functioning. The systems of the body includes the
circulatory, immune, skeletal, excretory, muscular, endocrine, digestive, nervous and respiratory. It is
important to understand how human body systems work together.

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Diseases of the respiratory system. Diseases and conditions of the respiratory system fall into two
categories: viruses, such as influenza, bacterial pneumonia, enterovirus respiratory virus; and chronic
diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
 1. What is homeostasis? Why is it important?
Answer: Humans' internal body temperature is a great example of homeostasis. When an individual is
healthy, his or her body temperature retains a temperature 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Cells
depend on the body environment to live and function. Homeostasis keeps the body environment
under control and keeps the conditions right for cells to live and function. Without the right body
conditions, certain processes (eg osmosis) and proteins (eg enzymes) will not function properly.