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SQL Server
INVESTIGATION WORK

Oscar Alfonso Cobian Manzano | 5°D | 17/08/2018

Summary
TOPIC PAGE

What is SQL Server? 2

SQL Server Technologies 2

Antecedents 3

SQL on Linux 4

Azure SQL Database 5

Tools to run queries and manage databases 5

Conclusions 6

References 6

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What SQL Server is?
SQL Server is a central part of the Microsoft data platform. SQL Server is an industry
leader in operational database management systems (ODBMS).

SQL SERVER TECHNOLOGIES

Database Engine
The Database Engine is the core service for storing, processing, and securing data. The
Database Engine provides controlled access and rapid transaction processing to meet the
requirements of the most demanding data consuming applications within your enterprise.
The Database Engine also provides rich support for sustaining high availability.

Machine Learning Services

Microsoft Machine Learning Services supports integration of machine learning, using the
popular R and Python languages, into enterprise workflows.

Machine Learning Services (In-Database) integrates R and Python with SQL Server,
making it easy to build, retrain, and score models by calling stored procedures. Microsoft
Machine Learning Server provides enterprise-scale support for R and Python, without
requiring SQL Server.

Integration Services
Integration Services is a platform for building high performance data integration
solutions, including packages that provide extract, transform, and load (ETL) processing
for data warehousing.

Analysis Services
Analysis Services is an analytical data platform and toolset for personal, team, and
corporate business intelligence. Servers and client designers support traditional OLAP
solutions, new tabular modeling solutions, as well as self-service analytics and
collaboration using Power Pivot, Excel, and a SharePoint Server environment. Analysis
Services also includes Data Mining so that you can uncover the patterns and relationships
hidden inside large volumes of data.

Replication
Replication is a set of technologies for copying and distributing data and database objects
from one database to another, and then synchronizing between databases to maintain

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consistency. By using replication, you can distribute data to different locations and to
remote or mobile users by means of local and wide area networks, dial-up connections,
wireless connections, and the Internet.

Data Quality Services

SQL Server Data Quality Services (DQS) provides you with a knowledge-driven data
cleansing solution. DQS enables you to build a knowledge base, and then use that
knowledge base to perform data correction and deduplication on your data, using both
computer-assisted and interactive means. You can use cloud-based reference data
services, and you can build a data management solution that integrates DQS with SQL
Server Integration Services and Master Data Services.

Master Data Services

Master Data Services is the SQL Server solution for master data management. A solution
built on Master Data Services helps ensure that reporting and analysis is based on the
right information. Using Master Data Services, you create a central repository for your
master data and maintain an auditable, securable record of that data as it changes over
time.

Antecedents
In 1988 jun 12th, Microsoft joined Ashton-Tate and Sybase to create a variant of Invixium
Sybase SQL Server for IBM OS/2 (then developed jointly with Microsoft), which was
released the following year. This was the first version of Microsoft SQL Server, and served
as Microsoft's entry to the enterprise-level database market, competing against Oracle,
IBM, and later, Sybase. SQL Server 4.2 was shipped in 1992, bundled with OS/2 version 1.3,
followed by version 4.21 for Windows NT, released alongside Windows NT 3.1. SQL Server
6.0 was the first version designed for NT, and did not include any direction from Sybase.

SQL Server 7.0 was a major re-write (C++) of the older Sybase engine, which was coded in
C. Data pages were enlarged from 2k bytes to 8k bytes. Extents thereby grew from 16k
bytes to 64k bytes. User Mode Scheduling (UMS) was introduced to handle SQL Server
threads better than Windows pre-emptive multi-threading.

SQL Server 2000 also introduced many T-SQL language enhancements, such as table
variables, user-defined functions, indexed views, INSTEAD OF triggers, cascading
referential constraints and some basic XML support.

SQL Server 2005 (formerly codenamed "Yukon") released in November 2005. It included
native support for managing XML data, in addition to relational data. For this purpose, it
defined an xml data type that could be used either as a data type in database columns or
as literals in queries. XML columns can be associated with XSD schemas; XML data being

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stored is verified against the schema. XML is converted to an internal binary data type
before being stored in the database. Specialized indexing methods were made available for
XML data. XML data is queried using XQuery;

SQL Server 2008 (formerly codenamed "Katmai") was released on August 6, 2008,
announced to the SQL Server Special Interest Group at the ESRI 2008 User's Conference
on August 6, 2008 by Ed Katibah (Spatial Program Manager at Microsoft), and aims to
make data management self-tuning, self organizing, and self maintaining with the
development of SQL Server Always On technologies, to provide near-zero downtime.

SQL Server 2008 R2 (10.50.1600.1, formerly codenamed "Kilimanjaro") was announced at

TechEd 2009, and was released to manufacturing on April 21, 2010. SQL Server 2008 R2
adds certain features to SQL Server 2008 including a master data management system
branded as Master Data Services, a central management of master data entities and
hierarchies. Also Multi Server Management, a centralized console to manage multiple SQL
Server 2008 instances and services including relational databases, Reporting Services,
Analysis Services & Integration Services.

SQL Server 2012's new features and enhancements include Always On SQL Server Failover
Cluster Instances and Availability Groups which provides a set of options to improve
database availability, Contained Databases which simplify the moving of databases
between instances, new and modified Dynamic Management Views and Functions.

SQL Server 2014 provides a new in-memory capability for tables that can fit entirely in
memory (also known as Hekaton). Whilst small tables may be entirely resident in memory
in all versions of SQL Server, they also may reside on disk, so work is involved in reserving
RAM, writing evicted pages to disk, loading new pages from disk, locking the pages in
RAM while they are being operated on, and many other tasks. By treating a table as
guaranteed to be entirely resident in memory much of the 'plumbing' of disk-based
databases can be avoided.

The official General Availability (GA) release date for SQL Server 2016 was June 1, 2016.
The RTM version is 13.0.1601.5. SQL Server 2016 is supported on x64 processors only. It is
no longer supported on x86 processors.

Microsoft SQL Server 2017 is the most recent version available. Microsoft launched SQL
Server 2017 on October 2nd, 2017 along with support for Linux

SQL Server on Linux

SQL Server 2017 now runs on Linux. It’s the same SQL Server database engine, with many
similar features and services regardless of your operating system.

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After installation, connect to the SQL Server instance on your Linux machine. You can
connect locally or remotely and with a variety of tools and drivers.

Azure SQL Database

To have in mind: The Microsoft Azure website provides a directory of hundreds of different services
you can use, including full virtual machines, databases, file storage, backups, and services for mobile
and web apps. This service was originally named “Windows Azure”, but transitioned to “Microsoft
Azure” because it can handle much more than just Windows. You can run either Windows or Linux
virtual machines on Azure.

In any given language, the code that connects to SQL Server is almost identical to the code
for connecting to Azure SQL Database.

SQL Server can be used with the following languages:

− C#

− Microsoft .NET

− Java

− Node

− ODBC for C++

− Php

− Python

− Ruby

Some of these can be founded on Visual Studio where you have some tools to make easier
the way you can connect your project to a database what are you using on your own server
or Microsoft Azure.

Tools to run queries and manage databases

Tool Description
Microsoft SQL SQL Operations Studio (preview) is a free, light-weight tool, for
Operations Studio managing databases wherever they're running. This preview
(preview) release provides database management features, including an
extended Transact-SQL editor and customizable insights into the
operational state of your databases. SQL Operations Studio
(preview) runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

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 SQL Server Use SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) to query, design, and
Management manage your SQL Server, Azure SQL Database, and Azure SQL
Studio (SSMS) Data Warehouse. SSMS runs on Windows.
SQL Server Data Turn Visual Studio into a powerful development environment for
Tools (SSDT) SQL Server, Azure SQL Database, and Azure SQL Data
Warehouse. SSDT runs on Windows.
mssql-cli mssql-cli is an interactive command-line tool for querying SQL
Server. mssql-cli runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux
Visual Studio Code After installing Visual Studio Code, install the mssql extension for
developing Microsoft SQL Server, Azure SQL Database, and SQL
Data Warehouse. Visual Studio Code runs on Windows, macOS,
and Linux.

Conclusions
SQL Server is a DBGS made to support that big enterprises who need to save secure that
huge amount of data with the plus of having interconnectivity with others applications
made by the same company, it is not a bad option if you have a big chunks of databases
but if you don’t have it and don’t have a system what can grow so fast you can go to
cheaper alternatives like mysql (now MariaDB) and connect with apache to use some
online services.

References
https://docs.microsoft.com/es-es/sql/?view=sql-server-2017

https://docs.microsoft.com/es-es/sql/sql-server/sql-server-technical-
documentation?view=sql-server-2017

https://docs.microsoft.com/es-es/azure/sql-database/sql-database-design-first-database

https://docs.microsoft.com/es-es/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-overview

https://docs.microsoft.com/es-es/azure/mysql/

https://docs.microsoft.com/es-es/sql/tools/overview-sql-tools?view=sql-server-2017

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_SQL_Server

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