TEORIA ELECTROMAGNETICA Y ONDAS

STEP 1 – MAKE THE COURSE RECOGNITION

PRESENTADO POR:
JUAN JOSE PERDOMO CAVIEDES
COD. 1079183561
GRUPO: 203058_60

PRESENTADO A:
TUTOR: WILLIAM MAURICIO SAENZ

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA ESCUELA DE

CIENCIAS
BÁSICAS, TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA
NEIVA - HUILA
2018
Taking into account the academic references, answer the
following questions.

1. Define the following concepts:

- Electromagnetic wave
They are those waves that do not need a material means
to spread. They include, among others, visible light and
radio waves, television and telephony. ... Electromagnetic
waves are propagated by an oscillation of electric and
magnetic fields.

- Propagation speed.
Velocity of propagation of a wave motion. The wave
movement propagates with a speed that depends on the
characteristics of the medium, as we will show when
analyzing the transverse waves in a string and the
longitudinal probes in an elastic bar.

- Wavelength.
The wavelength is the distance from one wave peak to the
other at a frequency. It is usually associated with the
electromagnetic spectrum. The method to calculate the
wavelength will depend on the information you have.

- Reflection and refraction.

 The reflection of light is the change of direction of the
light rays that occurs in the same medium after striking
the surface of a different medium.
The refraction of light is the change of direction of the
light rays that happens after passing these from one
medium to another in which the light propagates with
different speed.

- Electric permittivity and magnetic permeability.

The permittivity is determined by the tendency of a
material to polarize before the application of an electric
field and in that way partially annuls the internal field of
the material. It is directly related to electrical
susceptibility. For example, in a capacitor a high
permittivity causes the same amount of electrical charge
to be stored with a smaller electric field and, therefore, a
smaller potential, leading to a greater capacity of it.

2. Explain the importance to consider the “Skin Deep” (depth

of penetration) in medical treatments.

The appearance of the skin is not only important from the

aesthetic point, it also influences interpersonal relationships.
An elastic and firm skin, especially on the face and neck, is
synonymous with youth, so it requires special care and
attention.

The physiotherapeutic method of heat production in tissues

is known by diathermy due to the resistance they offer when
passing a high frequency electric current. Diathermy, applied
by any of the existing techniques, allows to induce heat to
biological tissues through the penetration of various forms of
energy, among which we can mention the energy provided by
electromagnetic waves.
 With diathermy, and specifically with electromagnetic
diathermy, deep heating is achieved by high frequency
oscillations that, in the application area, are transformed
into heat energy without causing electrical stimuli in the
nerves or muscles.

With a diathermic treatment, it is not necessary to put the

patient in contact with the electrodes of a device, but only
to place it in such a way that the waves emitted by the
electrodes and originating from it affect it. In this way,
electromagnetic waves penetrate the patient's body
generating heat.
By precisely determining the frequency of work, it is possible
to model the penetration depth of electromagnetic radiation
and act on different constituent elements of human biological
tissues.

In any case, these are non-ionizing radiations that do not

produce changes in the molecular structure of the
substances, their content in water being responsible for the
transformation into heat of the high-frequency energy
applied.

https://salud-
mujer.idoneos.com/piel/importancia_estetica_de_la_piel/

3. Make a graph that explains at least three modes of

“terrestrial propagation of electromagnetic waves”,
including a brief explanation of them.

As well as the electromagnetic waves of the terrestrial radio

in the terrestrial atmosphere and the terrestrial waves, the
communication that there is between two or more points in
the earth is denominated the radio of the terrestrial
communications, of equal way we know the waves of the
terrestrial ones they are influenced by the atmosphere and
the earth itself.

The waves can propagate in various ways, which depend on

the class of the system and the environment.
Electromagnetic waves also travel in a straight line, except
when the earth and its atmosphere alter their trajectories.

In essence, there are three forms of propagation of the

electromagnetic wave within the Earth's atmosphere:

 Earth wave
The terrestrial waves are the waves that travel by the
surface of the earth, these must be polarized vertically
because the electric field in a horizontally polarized wave
would be parallel to the surface of the earth and would be
shorted by the conductivity of the ground.

 space wave
This kind of propagation corresponds to the radiated
energy that travels in the lower kilometers of the Earth's
atmosphere. Space waves are all direct waves and
reflected in the ground.

 Celestial wave or ionosphere

They are those that are directed towards the Atmosphere
and are reflected in the ionized zone of the same
(Heaviside layer) returning again to the Earth; They are MF
(OC) 300 KHz. at 30 MHz. and that constitute the so-called
high frequency waves; spreading on the surface they reach
 about 644 kilometers, but reflected at about 12874.7
kilometers.
http://propagaciondeondascom1.blogspot.com/2012/11/prop
agacion-terrestre-de-las-ondas.html

4. Can the human tissue change its conductivity because a

disease? Explain.

When the current is applied to the living tissue, through a

pair of electrodes, the distribution this space is virtually
unknown, because of the different resistivities of the tissues
and fluids and their particular arrangements.
There is no simple method to make exact measurements of
density distribution current in anisotropic tissue. Living
tissues have different electrical properties in different
directions; so, an exact specification of the local distribution
of current, it needs knowledge of the resistivity and voltage
gradient along the three axes. The Practical measurement of
these quantities is a formidable task, not easy, however you
can make an estimate based on the resistivity of various
tissues and fluids. On the other hand, many biological
samples, reported in the literature, have been measured
without taking sufficient account, the errors due to the
polarization of the electrodes. We must also point out that
the tissue without Life has a lower resistivity than living
tissue.

http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/rehabilitacion
fis/la_corriente_electrica_en_medicina.pdf
 CONCLUSIONS

This work does not disclose the use of electromagnetic waves in

the real world and its importance in some fields and through
research, it gives us to know and understand an important language
for the development of technology
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 https://salud-
mujer.idoneos.com/piel/importancia_estetica_de_la_piel/

 http://propagaciondeondascom1.blogspot.com/2012/11/p
ropagacion-terrestre-de-las-ondas.html

 http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/rehabilitacion
fis/la_corriente_electrica_en_medicina.pdf