Zigbee Wireless Remote Control

A VOICE CONTROLLED PELTIER AIR
CONDITIONER USING ZIGBEE MODULE
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
BL.EN.U4ECE13012 A.SHIVA KUMAR

BL.EN.U4ECE13024 B.CHAKRADHAR REDDY
BL.EN.U4ECE13041 C.SANDEEP
In partial fulfilment of the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
AMRITA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE
AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM
BANGALORE 560035
MAY-2017
AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM
AMRITA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE, 560035
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “A VOICE CONTROLLED

PELTIER AIR CONDITIONER USING ZIGBEE MODULE”
Submitted by
BL.EN.U4ECE13012 A.SHIVA KUMAR
BL.EN.U4ECE13135 B.CHAKRADHAR REDDY
BL.EN.U4ECE13141 C.SANDEEP
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING is a bonafide record of the work carried out under my guidance
and supervision at Amrita School of engineering, Bangalore during the academic
year 2016-2017.
Mrs. Latha. (Project Guide)

Assistant Professor (SG)
Department of ECE
Dr.Shikha Tripathi
Chairperson
Department of ECE
This project report was evaluated by us on………………………............
EXAMINER 1 EXAMINER 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
For successful and timely completion of the project we owe a great many thanks to
AMMA and many people who helped and supported us during this project.
We place on record and warmly acknowledge the continuous encouragement,

invaluable supervision, timely suggestions and inspired guidance offered by our
guide Mrs. Latha Assistant Professor, Department Of Electronics and
Communication Engineering. We are thankful for her valuable suggestions.
We are grateful to Dr. Shikha Tripathi, Chairperson of the Department of

Electronics and Communication Engineering, for permitting us to make use of the
facilities available in the department to carry out the project successfully.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude towards our Associate Dean, Dr.
Rakesh S.G. for giving opportunity to manifest our ideas into real-time project.
We would also like to express our sincere gratitude towards all the teachers of
Electronics and Communication Department who have always been a great source
of help, support and strength throughout the project. Last but not the least we
express our sincere thanks to all our friends and family who have patiently extended
all sorts of help for accomplishing this undertaking.
Thank You All.

ABSTRACT
Home Automation industry is developing rapidly, there has been a remarkable
change in the field of Home Automation due to the introduction of improved voice
recognition & wireless technologies. These systems are supposed to be
implemented in the existing infrastructure of any home without any kind of changes
in the existing connections. The voice recognition feature of this system also
provides a security aspect to this system. The user would be able to control various
home appliances by their mere voice commands according to their need and
comfort. The This system can be adapted to a user’s voice and recognize the voice
commands independent of the speaker’s personal characteristics such as accent. The
system is aimed to be cost effective, flexible. The automation centres on recognition
of voice commands and uses low-power RF ZigBee wireless communication
modules which are relatively cheap.
The home automation system is intended to control Peltier AC Module in order

increase or decrease the Temperature of the surrounding environment using voice
commands. The proposed system consists of AT89S52 Microcontroller with 8K
bytes of programmable flash memory interfaced with Voice recognition module V3
and Zigbee Transmitter in the transmitting end and Zigbee Receiver, Relay Module,
Peltier AC Module in the receiving end. Then we have conducted the experiment
and analyzed the variation in temperature according to the given voice command
by controlling Peltier AC Module.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………...1
2 LITERATURE………………………………………………….....2
3 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION…………………………………...4
3.1 MICROCONTROLLER………………………………………………….4
3.1.1 MEMORY UNIT…………………………………………………….5
3.1.2 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT…………………………………...6
3.1.3 BUS…………………………………………………………………..7
3.1.4 INPUT & OUTPUT UNIT…………………………………………..7
3.1.5 SERIAL COMMUNICATION………………………………………7
3.1.6 TIMER UNIT………………………………………………………...8
3.1.7 WATCHDOG………………………………………………………..8
3.1.8 PIN DIAGRAM……………………………………………………...9
3.1.9 RESET……………………………………………………………...11
3.1.10 REGISTER BANKS……………………………………………….12
3.1.11 BIT MEMORY…………………………………………………….12
3.1.12 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER……………………………….12
3.1.13 ACCUMULATOR………………………………………………...12
3.1.14 B REGISTER……………………………………………………….13
3.1.15 DATA POINTER…………………………………………………...13
3.1.16 PROGRAM COUNTER…………………………………………….13
3.1.17 STACK POINTER………………………………………………….13

3.1.18 ADDRESSING MODES……………………………………………13
3.1.19 INTERRUPTS………………………………………………………13
3.1.20 TIMERS…………………………………………………………….14
3.2 VOICE RECOGNITION MODULE V3………………………………...14
3.3 PS4 DEVELOPMENT BOARD…………………………………………15
3.3.1 FEATURES………………………………………………………….15
3.3.2 ADVANTAGES……………………………………………………..16
3.3.3 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………….16
3.4 ZIGBEE MODULE………………………………………………………18
3.4.1 PIN DIAGRAM……………………………………………………...18
3.4.2 FEATURES………………………………………………………….18
3.4.3 ADVANTAGES……………………………………………………..19
3.4.4 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………….19
3.5 RECTIFIERS……………………………………………………………...19
3.6 RELAY BOARD………………………………………………………......21
3.7 PELTIER AC……………………………………………………………...22
3.7.1 FEATURES………………………………………………………….23
3.7.2 ADVANTAGES……………………………………………………..23
3.7.3 APPLICATIONS…………………………………………………….23
3.8 WATER BLOCK AND WATER COOLING FAN DEVICE…………24
4 SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION………………26
4.1 TRANSMISSION MODULE……………………………………………26
4.2 RECEIVER MODULE………………………………………………….27

4.3 SYSTEM DESIGN……………………………………………………….30
5 EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULTS………………………32
5.1 EXPERIMENTATION………………………………………………….32
5.2 RESULT………………………………………………………………….33
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………..34
FUTURE SCOPE……………………………………………..........34
REFERENCES………………………………………………..........35
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 3.1 8051 Functional Block Diagram………………………………4
Fig 3.2 PIN Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller………………………..9
Fig 3.3 Voice Recognition Module V3…………….………………...14
Fig 3.4 PS4 Development Board Pin Diagram………………………17
Fig 3.5 Zigbee TX & RX…………………………………………….18
Fig 3.6 Rectifier or AC to DC Converter…………………………….20
Fig 3.7 4-Bit Relay Module…………………………………………..22
Fig 3.8 Peltier plate Pin Diagram…………………………………….23
Fig 3.9 Water Block…………………………………….……………25
Fig 3.10 Water Cooling Fan Device…………………………………25
Fig 4.1 Transmission Module Block Diagram………………………26
Fig 4.2 Transmission Module………………………………………..27
Fig 4.3 Receiver Module Block Diagram……………………….……28
Fig 4.4 Receiver Module…………………………………………….29
Fig 4.5 Flow Chart of Implemention of Voice Controlled Peltier Ac..30
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Working Table………………………………………….......31
Table 2 Efficiency of Voice Recognition Module V3 Under Ideal
Conditions…………………………………………………………...32
Table 3 Efficiency of Voice Recognition Module V3 Under Noisy
Conditions…………………………………………………………...32
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION MAY-2017
1 INTRODUCTION
In recent years there have been various researches and developmental work in the
area of voice recognition and home automation. This system is designed to combine
both these domains to come up with A Voice Controlled Peltier AC Wireless Home
Automation System. The system mainly consists of three independent stand-alone
embedded systems which can be interfaced with each other through wired or
wireless media. The embedded system comprises of a Voice recognition module,
encoding and transmission module along with decoding and receiving module.
The voice recognition based home automation system uses Voice recognition
module V3 to identify the voice speech or commands of a user. The command
recognized by the device is being checked and verified with that of the stored voice
speech database from the Microcontroller in order to confirm the user identity. Once
the identity is found, the corresponding data is being sent from the microcontroller
to the encoder for specific encoding techniques to be applied. The encoded data is
transferred to the modulator for generation of FSK signal in order to transmit it
through an antenna to a remote or far away receiver. The FSK modulated signal is
received by the receiving unit for demodulation and successive decoding purpose
so as to obtain the desired voice command of the user. The decoded data obtained
from the output of the decoder is again compared with the predefined set of data for
further checking of valid transmission. If matching is established, the corresponding
relay module is either energized or de-energized through a relay driver for turning
ON or OFF the desired electrical appliance in accordance with the voice command.
The relay module is connected to the Peltier Ac module, when the relay module is
turned ON or OFF Peltier ac’s in the Peltier AC Module is turned ON or OFF
increasing or decreasing the Temperature of the surrounding Environment.
Dept of ECE, ASE, Bangalore Page 1

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
[Type here]
2 LITERATURE SURVEY
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with
in system programmable Flash memory which allows the program memory to be
reprogrammed in system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer
with the help of keil µvision software used for compiling the typed embedded c
coding used in our system and speech signal is given to the MCU and it is
transmitted through zigbee transmitter and the information received from zigbee
receiver MCU passes control signal to the relay which is connected to our home
appliances[1]. This is done with the help of three independent stand alone modules
voice recognition module, transmitting module and receiving module. The
microcontroller acts as central processing unit along with other peripheral devices
for encoding, decoding, transmission and reception of the data over a
communication link. The microphone connected to the voice recognition module
serves the purpose of the sensing unit which senses the voice command of the
individual[2]. Recognition of voice is done with the help of Voice Recogination
Module-V3. Recognizer a container where acting voice commands were loaded. It
is core part of voice recognition module[3].The reception module is connected to a
driver based relay system which is connected to several different electrical
appliances which are to be controlled by voice commands through relay,Relay is an
electromagnetic switch which is activated when a current is passed to the relay
circuit, it turns the appliances on/off. The high/low signal is supplied from the ps4
development board microcontroller. When a low voltage is given to the relay of an
appliance it is turned off and when a high voltage is given it is turned on[4].

CHAPTER 3
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION MAY-2017
3 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
3.1 MICROCONTROLLER
Fig 1.1 8051 Functional Block Diagram.
Microcontroller, as the name suggests, are small controllers. They are like single
chip computers that are often embedded into other systems to function as
processing/controlling unit. For example, the remote control you are using probably
has microcontrollers inside that do decoding and other controlling functions. They
are also used in automobiles, washing machines, microwave ovens, toys .etc, where
automation is needed. The key features of microcontrollers include:
(i) High Integration of Functionality
(ii) Microcontrollers sometimes are called single-chip computers because they have
on-chip memory and I/O circuitry and other circuitries that enable them to function
as small standalone computers without other supporting circuitry.

(iii) Field Programmability, Flexibility
(iv) Microcontrollers often use EEPROM or EPROM as their storage device to

allow field programmability so they are flexible to use. Once the program is tested
to be correct then large quantities of microcontrollers can be programmed to be used
in embedded systems.
(v) Easy to Use Assembly language is often used in microcontrollers and since they
usually follow RISC architecture, the instruction set is small. The development
package of microcontrollers often includes an assembler, a simulator, a programmer
to "burn" the chip and a demonstration board. Some packages include a high level
language compiler such as a C compiler and more sophisticated libraries. Most
microcontrollers will also combine other devices such as:
(vi) A Timer module to allow the microcontroller to perform tasks for certain time
periods.
(vii) A serial I/O port to allow data to flow between the microcontroller and other
devices such as a PC or another microcontroller.
(viii) An ADC to allow the microcontroller to accept analogue input data for
processing
3.1.1 MEMORY UNIT

Memory is part of the microcontroller whose function is to store data. The easiest
way to explain it is to describe it as one big closet with lots of drawers. If we suppose
that we marked the drawers in such a way that they cannot be confused, any of their
contents will then be easily accessible. It is enough to know the designation of the
drawer and so its contents will be known to us for sure.
Memory components are exactly like that. For a certain input we get the contents
of a certain addressed memory location and that's all. Two new concepts are brought
to us: addressing and memory location. Memory consists of all memory locations,
and addressing is nothing but selecting one of them. This means that we need to
select the desired memory location on one hand, and on the other hand we need to
wait for the contents of that location. Besides reading from a memory location,

memory must also provide for writing onto it. This is done by supplying an
additional line called control line. We will designate this line as R/W
(read/write).Control line is used in the following way: if r/w=1,reading is done and
if opposite is true then writing is done on the memory location memory is the first
element, and we need a few operations of our microcontroller . The amount of
memory contained within a microcontroller varies between different
microcontrollers. Some may not even have any integrated memory (e.g. Hitachi
6503, now discontinued). However, most modern microcontrollers will have
integrated memory. The memory will be divided up into ROM and RAM, with
typically more ROM than RAM. Typically, the amount of ROM type memory will
vary between around 512 bytes and 4096 bytes, although some 16 bit
microcontrollers such as the Hitachi H8/3048 can have as much as128 Kbytes of
ROM type memory. ROM type memory, as has already been mentioned, is used to
store the program code. ROM memory can be ROM (as in One Time Programmable
memory), EPROM, or EEPROM. The amount of RAM memory is usually
somewhat smaller, typically ranging between 25 bytes to 4Kbytes.RAM is used for
data storage and stack management tasks. It is also used for register stacks (as in
the microchip PIC range of microcontrollers).
3.1.2 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

Let add 3 more memory locations to a specific block that will have a built in
capability to multiply, divide, subtract, and move its contents from one memory
location onto another. The part we just added in is called "central processing unit"
(CPU). Its memory locations are calledregisters.Figure2.3: Simplified central
processing unit with three Registers are therefore memory locations whose role is
to help with performing various mathematical operations or any other operations
with data wherever data can be found. We have two independent entities (memory
and CPU) which are interconnected, and thus any exchange of data is hindered, as
well as its functionality. If, for example, we wish to add the contents of two memory
locations and return the result again back to memory, we would need a connection
between memory and CPU. Simply stated, we must have some "way" through data
goes from one block to another.

3.1.3 BUS
That "way" is called "bus". Physically, it represents a group of 8, 16, or more wires.
There are two types of buses: address and data bus. The first one consists of as many
lines as the amount of memory we wish to address and the other one is as wide as
data, in our case 8 bits or the connection line. First one serves to transmit address
from CPU memory, and the second to connect all blocks inside the microcontroller
3.1.4 INPUT-OUTPUT UNIT

Those locations we've just added are called "ports". There are several types of ports:
input, output or bidirectional ports. When working with ports, first of all it is
necessary to choose which port we need to work with, and then to send data to, or
take it from the port.
3.1.5 SERIAL COMMUNICATION

Beside stated above we've added to the already existing unit the possibility of
communication with an outside world. However, this way of communicating has
its drawbacks. One of the basic drawbacks is the number of lines which need to be
used in order to transfer data. What if it is being transferred to a distance of several
kilometers? The number of lines times’ number of kilometers doesn't promise the
economy of the project. It leaves us having to reduce the number of lines in such a
way that we don't lessen its functionality. Suppose we are working with three lines
only, and that one line is used for sending data, other for receiving, and the third
one is used as a reference line for both the input and the output side. In order for
this to work, we need to set the rules of exchange of data. These rules are called
protocol. Protocol is therefore defined in advance so there wouldn't be any
misunderstanding between the sides that are communicating with each other. For
example, if one man is speaking in French, and the other in English, it is highly
unlikely that they will quickly and effectively understand each other. Let's suppose
we have the following protocol. The logical unit "1" is set up on the transmitting
line until transfer begins. Once the transfer starts, we lower the transmission line to
logical "0" for a period of time (which we will designate as T), so the receiving side
will know that it is receiving data, and so it will activate its mechanism for
reception. Let's go back now to the transmission side and start putting logic zeros
and ones onto the transmitter line in the order from a bit of the lowest value to a bit
of the highest value. Let each bit stay on line for a time period which is equal to T,
and in the end, or after the 8th bit, let us bring the logical unit "1" back on the line
which will mark the end of the transmission of one data. The protocol we've just
described is called in professional literature NRZ (Non-Return to Zero)
As we have separate lines for receiving and sending, it is possible to receive and
send data (info.) at the same time. So called full-duplex mode block which enables
this way of communication is called a serial communication block. Unlike the
parallel transmission, data moves here bit by bit, or in a series of bits what defines
the term serial communication comes from. After the reception of data we need to
read it from the receiving location and store it in memory as opposed to sending
where the process is reversed. Data goes from memory through the bus to the
sending location, and then to the receiving unit according to the protocol.
3.1.6 TIMER UNIT

However, in order to utilize it in industry we need a few additionally blocks. One
of those is the timer block which is significant to us because it can give us
information about time, duration, protocol etc. The basic unit of the timer is a free-
run counter which is in fact a register whose numeric value increments by one in
even intervals, so that by taking its value during periods T1and T2 and on the basis
of their difference we can determine how much time has elapsed. This is a very
important part of the microcontroller whose understanding requires most of our
time.
3.1.7 WATCHDOG
One more thing is requiring our attention is a flawless functioning of the
microcontroller during its run-time. Suppose that as a result of some interference
(which often does occur in industry) our microcontroller stops executing the
program, or worse, it starts working incorrectl.Figure2.8: Watchdog Of course,
when this happens with a computer, we simply reset it and it will keep working.
However, there is no reset button we can push on the microcontroller and thus solve
our problem. To overcome this obstacle, we need to introduce one more block

called watchdog. This block is in fact another free-run counter where our program
needs to write a zero in every time it executes correctly. In case that program gets
"stuck", zero will not be written in, and counter alone will reset the microcontroller
upon achieving its maximum value. This will result in executing the program again,
and correctly this time around. That is an important element of every program to be
reliable without man's supervision.
3.1.8 PIN CONFIGURATION
Fig 3.2 Pin Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller
VCC (Pin 40)
Provides voltage to the chip . +5V
GND (Pin 20)
Ground
XTAL1 (Pin 19) and XTAL2 (Pin 18)
Crystal Oscillator connected to pins 18, 19.

RST (Pin 9): Reset pin
External Access: EA 31
• Connected to VCC for on chip ROM
• Connected to Ground for external ROM containing the code Input Pin
Program Store Enable: PSEN 29
Address Latch Enable: ALE 30
I/O Port Pins and their Functions:
Four ports P0, P1, P2, P3 with 8 pins each, making a total of 32 input/output pins.
PORT 0:
•Pins 32-39
•Can be used as both Input or Output •External pull up resistors of 10K need to
be connected •Dual role: 8051 multiplexes address and data through port 0
to save pins .AD0-AD7
•ALE is used to de multiplex data and address bus
PORT 1:
•Pins 1 through 8
•Both input or output
•No dual function
•Internal pull up registers
•On RESET configured as output
PORT 2:
•Pins 21 through 28
•No external pull up resistor required

•Both input or output
•Dual Function: Along with Port 0 used to provide the 16-

Bit address for externalmemory. It provides higher address A8-A16
PORT 3:
•Pins 10 through 17
•No external pull up resistors required We have 4 ports in 8051 micro controller.
They are port0, port1, port2, port3 which can be accessed as i/o ports.
3.1.9 RESET
It resets total 8051 micro controller. RXD: It receives data in serial communication.
TXD: It transmits data in serial communication.INT0: External interrupt for timer
0.INT1: External interrupt for timer1T0: Timer0.T1: Timer1.RD: To read into
external memory. WR: To write into external memory.XTAL1 & XTAL2: To
connect the crystal oscillator. ALE: Address latch enable which is used to access
the address locations from external memory. PSEN: Program store enable which is
used for storing programming code into the external memory. EA: External Access:
64 KB of ROM is the limit for external memory. RAM Architecture The 8051 has
a bank of 128 bytes of Internal RAM. This Internal RAM is found on-chip on
the8051 so it is the fastest RAM available, and it is also the most flexible in terms
of reading, writing, and modifying its contents. Internal RAM is volatile, so when
the 8051 is reset this memory is cleared. The 128 bytes of internal ram is subdivided
as shown on the memory map. The first 8 bytes (00h - 07h) are "register bank 0".
These alternative register banks are located in internal RAM in addresses 08h
through 1Fh.Bit memory actually resides in internal RAM, from addresses 20h
through 2Fh. The 80 bytes remaining of Internal RAM, from addresses 30hthrough
7Fh, may be used by user variables that need to be accessed frequently or at high-
speed. This area is also utilized by the microcontroller as a storage area for the
operating stack.

3.1.10 REGISTER BANKS

The 8051 uses 8 "R" registers which are used in many of its instructions. These "R"
registers are numbered from 0 through 7 (R0, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and
R7).These registers are generally used to assist in manipulating values and moving
data from one memory location to another. The concept of register banks adds a
great level of flexibility to the 8051.
3.1.11 BIT MEMORY

The 8051, being a communication oriented microcontroller, gives the user the
ability to access a number of bit variables. These variables may be either 1 or 0.
There are 128 bit variables available to the user, numbered 00h through 7Fh. The
user may make use of these variables with commands such as SETB and CLR. It is
important to note that Bit Memory is really a part of Internal RAM. In fact, the 128
bit variables occupy the 16 bytes of Internal RAM from 20h through 2Fh.
3.1.12 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER

Special Function Registers (SFRs) are areas of memory that control specific
functionality of the 8051 processor. For example, four SFRs permit access to the
8051’s 32 input/output lines. Another SFR allows a program to read or write to the
8051’s serial port .SFR is a part of Internal Memory. This is not the case. When
using this method of memory access (it’s called direct address), any instruction that
has an address of 00h through 7Fh refers to an Internal RAM memory address; any
instruction with an address of 80h through FF h refers to an SFR control register.
3.1.13 ACCUMULATOR
The Accumulator, as its name suggests, is used as a general register to accumulate
the results of a large number of instructions. It can hold an 8-bit (1-byte) value and
is the most versatile e register. The "R" registers are a set of eight registers that are
named R0, R1, etc. up to and including R7.These registers are used as auxiliary
registers in many operations.

3.1.14 B REGISTER
The "B" register is very similar to the Accumulator in the sense that it may hold an
8-bit (1-byte) value. The "B" register is only used by two 8051 instructions: MUL
AB and DIV AB.
3.1.15 DATA POINTER

The Data Pointer (DPTR) is the 8051’s only user-accessible 16-bit (2byte register).
The Accumulator, "R" registers, and "B" register are all 1-byte values. DPTR, as
the name suggests, is used to point to data. It is used by a number of commands
which allow the 8051 to access external memory.
3.1.16 PROGRAM COUNTER

The Program Counter (PC) is a 2-byte address which tells the 8051 where the next
instruction to execute is found in memory. When the 8051 is initialized PC always
starts at 0000h and is incremented each time an instruction is executed.
3.1.17 STACK POINTER

The Stack Pointer, like all registers except DPTR and PC, may hold an 8-bit (1-
byte) value. The Stack Pointer is used to indicate where the next value to be
removed from the stack.
3.1.18 ADDRESSING MODES

An "addressing mode" refers to how you are addressing a given memory location.
The addressing modes are as follows, With an example of each: Immediate
Addressing MOV A, #20hDirect Addressing MOV A, #30hIndirect Addressing
MOV A, @R0External Direct MOVX A, @DPTR Code Indirect MOVC A,
@A+DPTR Each of these addressing modes provides important flexibility.
3.1.19 INTERRUPTS
An interrupt is a special feature which allows the 8051 to provide the illusion of
"multitasking," although in reality the 8051 is only doing one thing at a time.

3.1.20 TIMERS
Timers are one of the categories of hardware time delays. Time delays are used to
keep a system in to halting System or sleepy mode. We have two timers-timer0,
timer1.Hardware time delays are used to generate exact time delays.
3.2 VOICE RECOGNITION MODULE V3
Fig 3.3 Voice Recognition Module V3
Voice Recognition Module is a compact and easy-control speaking recognition

board. This product is a speaker-dependent voice recognition module. It supports
up to 80 voice commands in all. Max 7 voice commands could work at the same
time. Any sound could be trained as command. Users need to train the module first
before let it recognizing any voice command. This board has 2 controlling ways:
Serial Port (full function), General Input Pins (part of function). General Output

Pins on the board could generate several kinds of waves while corresponding voice
command was recognized.
Voice Recognition Module requires an input of 4.5-5.5 Volts and less than 40mA
current. For Communication it uses 5V TTL level for UART protocol as Digital
Interface and 3.5mm mono-channel microphone connector, microphone pin
interface as Analog Interface.
Recognizer: a container where acting voice commands (max 7) were loaded. It is

core part of voice recognition module. For example, it works like “playing balls”.
You have 80 players in your team. But you could not let them all play on the court
together. The rule only allows 7 players playing on the court. Here the Recognizer
is the list which contains names of players working on the court.
Recognizer index: max 7 voice commands could be supported in the recognizer.

The recognizer has 7 regions for each voice command. One index corresponds to
one region: 0-6 voice commands.
3.3 PS4 DEVELOPMENT BOARD

The 8051 board is a useful tool for embedded control and robotics projects for both
students and hobbyists. Its versatile design and programmable microcontroller lets
you access numerous peripheral devices and program the board for multiple uses.
The board has many I/O connectors and supports a number of programming options
including 8051 assembly and C. With this board you can develop and prototype
with any of 8051 40 pin microcontrollers. Having I2C based ADC embedded this
board becomes a perfect board for those who wants to interface various analog
sensors. The RS232 driver on board allows easy connection with PC or other
embedded hardware. The board has User buttons and status LEDs. The bridge
rectifier allows this board to be powered with both AC and DC power supply
adapters.
3.3.1 FEATURES
• RS232 TX, Rx interface with MAX232 IC on socket
• ULN 2803 to Drive Stepper Motor Relays

• I2C ADC8591
• Quartz crystal 11.0592 MHz
• Reset button
• Power plug-in jack
• Extension slot on every uC pin
• 5v Vcc bus.
• 12v Vcc bus.
• Four mounting holes 3.3 mm (0, 13")
3.3.2 ADVANTAGES
• Easy to connect to PC or other embedded hardware through the RS232 port.
• ULN2803 interfacing available to run motors.
• I2c based ADC8591 gives accurate output.
• Extended ports allow any device to be interfaced with this board.
• On board dual power supply covers the requirements of almost all devices.
• On board Quartz Crystal 0f 11.0592 available.
3.3.3 APPLICATIONS
• Development and testing of 8051 microcontroller based industrial and educational
applications and devices.
• A good product for educational Institutions can be widely used to train students
on microcontrollers.
• Very helpful in making 8051 based projects.
• Energy Management: Competent measuring device systems aid in calculating

energy consumption in domestic and industrialized applications. These meter
systems are prepared competent by integrating microcontrollers.
• Touch screens: A high degree of microcontroller suppliers integrate touch sensing

abilities in their designs. Transportable devices such as media players, gaming
devices & cell phones are some illustrations of micro-controller integrated with
touch sensing screens.

• Automobiles: The microcontroller 8051 discovers broad recognition in supplying

automobile solutions. They are extensively utilized in hybrid motor vehicles to
control engine variations. In addition, works such as cruise power and anti-brake
mechanism has created it more capable with the amalgamation of micro-controllers.
• Medical Devices: Handy medicinal gadgets such as glucose & blood pressure
monitors bring into play micro-controllers, to put on view the measurements, as a
result, offering higher dependability in giving correct medical results.
Fig 3.4 PS4 Development Board Pin Diagram

3.4 ZIGBEE MODULE

TB387 is based on 2.4GHz frequency band wireless transparent data-transmission
module. Module supports most basic AT commands: baud rate, ID number,
frequency settings and inquiries; factory settings; version information. When the
module is in AT module, users can use serial-port to issue AT commands to set the
module's parameters. When the module is in transparent data transfer mode, the
user transmit data, frame number data module, add packaged row count, and then
automatically transmit , at reliable range, the module will automatically re-transmit
data to ensure successful transmission.
Fig 3.5 Zigbee TX & RX.
3.4.1 PIN CONFIGURATION

1. VDD: 3.3V or 5V power supply.
2. GND: Power Ground.
3. TXD: serial port output, Arduino or USB to serial port RXD.
4. RXD: serial port input, Arduino or USB to serial port TXD.
5. CMD: Enter PIN AT mode, active low level.
3.4.2 FEATURES
• RS232 Interface ( 3.3V/5V TTL level)
• Frequency range: 2402~2482MHz
• Transmit power: 20dBm(100mw);
• Receiver sensitivity: -87dBm;
• Operating temperature: -40~+85 ° c;
• Transparent transmission mode baud rate:
2400,4800,9600(Default),14400,19200,38400,57600,115200,12800,25600

• AT mode configured baud rate fix is: 9600;

• Open ground Transmission distance : 500M
3.4.3 ADVANTAGES
• Very Sensitive
• Operating voltage: 5V DC
• Fast Response
• Anti-pollution ability
3.4.3 APPLICATIONS
• 2402-2482MHz ISM/SRD band systems
• Consumer electronics
• Access control, Attendance, Logistics
• Smart Furniture
• Robert
• Wireless sensor
• Smart Home
3.5 RECTIFIER
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which
periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one
direction. The process is known as rectification. Physically, rectifiers take a number
of forms, including vacuum tube diodes, mercury-arc valves, copper and selenium
oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers and other
silicon-based semiconductor switches.
Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as components of DC power
supplies and high-voltage direct current power transmission systems. Rectification
may serve in roles other than to generate direct current for use as a source of power.
As noted, detectors of radio signals serve as rectifiers. In gas heating systems flame
rectification is used to detect presence of a flame.

Because of the alternating nature of the input AC sine wave, the process of
rectification alone produces a DC current that, though unidirectional, consists of
pulses of current. Many applications of rectifiers, such as power supplies for radio,
television and computer equipment, require a steady constant DC current (as would
be produced by a battery). In these applications the output of the rectifier is
smoothed by an electronic filter (usually a capacitor) to produce a steady current.
High-power rectifiers, such as those used in high-voltage direct current power
transmission, employ silicon semiconductor devices of various types. These are
thyristors or other controlled switching solid-state switches, which effectively
function as diodes to pass current in only one direction.
Fig 3.6 Rectifier or AC-DC Converter.

3.6 RELAY BOARD

This is a small and easy to use 4 channel opto-isolated relay board that operates on
12V. Use it to control one 240V power appliance directly from microcontrollers or
low voltage circuits. The board uses a high quality relay, which can handle a
maximum of 7A/240 V AC or 7A/24V DC. Each relay has all three connections -
Common, Normally Open, Normally Closed brought out to 3 pin screw terminals
which makes it easy to make and remove connections. The board has a power
indication and a relay status LED to ease debugging. The board can accept inputs
within a wide range of voltages from 4V to 12V. Power input and relay control
signals are brought to header pins on the board. Hence, the board can be easily
interfaced with our development boards using our female to female jumper wires
A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another
electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to
open or close one or many sets of contacts. Because a relay is able to control an
output circuit of higher power than the input circuit, it can be considered to be, in a
broad sense, form of an electrical amplifier.
1. Normally - open (NO) contacts connect the circuit when the relay is activate;
the circuit is disconnected when the relay is inactive. It is also called a FORM A
contact or “make” contact.
2. Normally - closed (NC) contacts disconnect the circuit when the relay is
activated; the circuit is connected when relay is inactive. It is also called FORM B
contact or” break” contact.
3. Change-over or double-throw contacts control two circuits; one normally open

contact and one normally –closed contact with a common terminal. It is also called
a Form C “transfer “contact.

Fig 3.7 4-Bit Relay Module
3.7 PELTIER AC
Peltier is a device which is used in thermoelectric cooling to create a heat flux
between the junctions of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, is a solid-
state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other,
with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current.
The high performance of the thermoelectric coolers, are due to Peltier. Peltier
increases the rate of cooling and reach a larger temperature difference in relation to
the environment. Thermoelectric coolers are optimized for source voltage 12 V and
perform high cooling power at low power consumption. Peltier coolers are solid
state heat pumps used in applications where temperature stabilization, temperature
cycling, or cooling below ambient are required. There are many products using
Peltier coolers, including CCD cameras (charge coupled device), laser diodes,
blood analyzers and portable picnic coolers. Although there are a variety of
applications that use thermoelectric devices, all of them are based on the same

principle. When designing a thermo electric application, it is important that all of

the relevant electrical and thermal parameters be incorporated into the design
process.
FIG 3.8 Peltier Plate Pin Diagram
3.7.1 FEATURES
• Ultra-thin design.
• Low voltage consumption.
• Works with 12V DC
3.7.2 ADVANTAGES
• Low cost.
• Portable.
• Low power usage.
• High Efficiency.
• Make-up mini refrigerators.
3.7.3 APPLICATIONS
• Portable automobile refrigerators and picnic boxes
• Drinking water and tonic coolers
• Thermoelectric refrigerators and minibars

• Wine cabinets and beer coolers

• Make-up mini refrigerators.
3.8 WATER BLOCK & WATER COOLING FAN DEVICE

Water Block is a water heat sink. Heat sinks are widely used in electronics, and
have become almost essential to modern central processing units. In common use,
it is a metal object brought into contact with an electronic component's hot
surface—though in most cases, a thin thermal interface material mediates between
the two surfaces. Microprocessors and power handling semiconductors are
examples of electronics that need a heat sink to reduce their temperature through
increased thermal mass and heat dissipation (primarily by conduction and
convection and to a lesser extent by radiation). Heat sinks have become almost
essential to modern integrated circuits like microprocessors, DSPs, GPUs, and
more.
A heat sink usually consists of a metal structure with one or more flat surfaces to
ensure good thermal contact with the components to be cooled by the water entering
the water block increase the surface contact with the water, and thus the rate of heat
dissipation is done and the hot surface is cooled down.

Fig 3.9 Water Block.
Fig 3.10 Water Cooling Fan Device.

CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION MAY-2017
4 SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 TRANSMISSION MODULE

The voice command that is the voice signal is given to the microphone connected
to a noise eliminating filter. The noise is filtered out and the required voice
command is converted to an analog signal and is fed to the Voice recognition
module V3. At first this module is trained by the commands, with which the user
wishes to control the system, and they are stored in 8k*8SRAM.
In order to train the voice module through commands with the help of a program
which is stored in AT89S52 Microcontroller, the microcontroller displays the
message ‘speak now’ on the LCD screen. We should give the voice command when
the red light on the voice recognition module is ON, when the yellow light5is on
the voice command is sent to the microcontroller and is stored there, then the
Microcontroller displays message ‘speak again’ on LCD screen we should speak
again and the voice command is stored permanently in microcontroller. when the
voice commands are matched red and yellow lights on voice recognition module
blink at a time. Like this we have to train command we wanted to train commands
we wanted to train. In this project we have to train the voice recognition module
with four commands and those commands are used for switching the peltier A.C
module.
After the training of voice commands is done, when the command is given to the
voice recognition module, microcontroller sends the specific command to the
microcontroller in the receiving module through the wireless Zigbee module.
Fig 4.1 TX module Block Diagram

Fig 4.2 TX Module
4.2 RECEIVER MODULE

The voice commands given through voice recognition module in the transmitter
module is transmitted through zigbee transmitter in the transmitter module. The
command received is passed to the Microcontroller AT89S52, where the programs
for specified task is stored in the memory of the microcontroller. According to the
Algorithm of the program, if the given command by the user is matched with the
voice command in the transmitter module then only it is received by the receiver
module.
The relay module in the receiver module is connected to the outputs of the
microcontroller. When the command is matched then the microcontroller sends the
output to the relay module. Relay module will be ON and it acts as the switching

circuit to the Peltier AC module. The peltier ac module includes Four Peltier Plates,
aluminium heat sink, pipes, water cooling fan device, Normal Fan.
The Fabrication Peltier AC is done by attaching the peltier plates(40mm*40mm) to

the opposite sides of the peltier rectangular aluminium heat
sink(80mm×40mm×40mm) and the connections of the peltier plates are given to
the relay module. The peltier plates will have a cold side and the hot side when the
current is passed, cool side of the peltier plates are connected to the sides of the
aluminium sink and the hot side of the peltier plates are connected to the water
block.
Water Block is the hallow block through which water flows. The input to the water
block on one side aluminium heat sink is taken from water source through water
motor pump. The output of this water block is given as input to the water block on
the other side of the aluminium heat sink. The output of this water block will flow
to the water cooling fan device. Water cooling fandevice cools the water from the
other water block and pumps it to the water source and the process is repeated.
When the relay module is ON the peltier plates will get on and the aluminium heat
sink will get cold. The back side of the aluminium sink is attached with the Fan
through which the cool air flows out.

Fig 4.3 RX Module Block Diagram
Fig 4.4 Receiver Module.

4.3 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
Fig 4.5: Flowchart of Implementation Voice Controlled Peltier AC
The working of the flow chart is described by table below

s.no Input(voice) Execution of the Status of Status of Peltier

Program Relay Module
One Relay of the relay One Peltier plate is

module is ON if the ON.
1. A ON
Voice is matched with
the recorded voice in
microcontroller
Two Relays of the Two Peltier plates

relay module are ON if are ON.
2. B ON
the Voice is matched
with the recorded
voice in
microcontroller
Three Relays of the Three Peltier plates

relay module are ON if are
3. C ON
the Voice is matched
ON.
with the recorded
voice in
microcontroller
All the Relays of the All the Peltier

relay module are OFF Plates are OFF.
4. F OFF
if the Voice is matched
with the recorded
voice in
microcontroller
Table 1 Working Table

CHAPTER 5
EXPERIMENTATION
AND RESULT
EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULT MAY-2017
5 EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULT
5.1 EXPERIMENTATION
Commands 1 2 3 4 5 Total
1’st Peltier 1 1 0 1 1 4
Ac ON
2nd Peltier 1 1 1 1 1 5
Ac ON
3rd Peltier 1 1 1 0 1 4
Ac ON
All Peltier 1 0 1 1 1 4
Ac’s OFF
Table 2 Efficiency of Voice Recognition Module V3 Under Ideal conditions.
Commands 1 2 3 4 5 Total
1’st Peltier 1 1 0 1 0 3
Ac ON
2nd Peltier 1 0 1 1 1 4
Ac ON
3rd Peltier 0 1 1 0 1 3
Ac ON
All Peltier 1 0 1 1 0 3
Ac’s OFF
Table 3 Efficiency of Voice Recognition Module V3 Under Noisy Conditions.

EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULT MAY-2017
5.2 RESULT
1. For Table 2,
From table, there are 17 over 20 commands recognized by the VR-03 speech
recognition circuit. The percentage of the accuracy of VR-03 speech recognition
circuit in silent condition is 85%. Calculation for percentage is shown as below.
Accuracy = (17/20) X100% = 85%
2. For Table 3,
From table, there are 13 over 20 commands recognized by the VR-03 speech
recognition circuit. The percentage of the accuracy of VR-03 speech recognition
circuit in silent condition is 65%. Calculation for percentage is shown as below.
Accuracy = (13/20) X100% = 65%

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE MAY-2017
CONCLUSION
This can be implemented in home for many home appliances and also in industries
& institutions that requires more manpower. Since the Zigbee can be used for longer
distance & since multiple nodes can be controlled be same Zigbee transmitter unit,
this can be implemented in industries. This module can be implemented in any
industries based on their needs, since this module is very flexible to use it can be
used based on their needs. In industries this can create a revolution. This will help
in reducing the cost as well as it can replace the manpower for such basic needs.
This will also help in increasing the speed of operation & also reduces the
possibilities of errors.
FUTURE SCOPE
A future enhancement to the proposed voice-controlled Home Automation System

would be the use of diverse sensors to aid the home automation . Proximity and
ambient light sensors could be used to detect motion in a specific area and thus
control lights, fan and air-conditioners etc. when a human is in proximity. These
could be coupled with a temperature sensor such as an Infra Red thermometer to
measure temperature, humidity and moisture and change the air-conditioner
temperature appropriately. The curtains could be automated to draw themselves
open or close based on the time of the day. Security could be better implemented in
a smart home, with the help of automatic alarms, and motion detectors attached to
windows that would sound a siren if an intruder approaches the window from
outside. Thus there is much scope for further exploration in the field of smart home
automation.

REFERENCES MAY-2017
REFERENCES
[1]. Avishek Paul, Madhurima Panja, Monalisa Bagchi, Nairit Das, Rudrabrata
Mitra Muzumdar, Soumya Ghosh, “Voice Recognition Based Wirelesss Room
Automation System”.International conference on intelligent Control Power and
Instrumentation(ICICPI), 2016.
[2]. Yash Mittal, Paridhi Toshniwal, Sonal Sharma, Deepika Singhal, Ruchi Gupta
and V.K.Mittal. “A Voice Controlled Multi-Functional Smart Home Automation
System” . IEEE INDICON, 2015
[3]. A Napolean, K.Karthik, M.KamalaKannan, M.Amarnath,A.Nidhin.

“Implementation Of Zigbee Based Home Automation System Using Voice
Recognition”. International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology(IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181,May-2013.
[4]. R.Orpwood, C.Gibbs, T.Adlam. “The design of smart homes for people with
dementia-user-interface aspects”. Universal Acess in the Information society, 2005.

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A VOICE CONTROLLED PELTIER AIR

CONDITIONER USING ZIGBEE MODULE

BL.EN.U4ECE13012 A.SHIVA KUMAR

In partial fulfilment of the award of the degree

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

AMRITA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, BANGALORE

AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM

This is to certify that the project report entitled “A VOICE CONTROLLED

Mrs. Latha. (Project Guide)

We place on record and warmly acknowledge the continuous encouragement,

We are grateful to Dr. Shikha Tripathi, Chairperson of the Department of

Thank You All.

The home automation system is intended to control Peltier AC Module in order

3.1.1 MEMORY UNIT…………………………………………………….5

3.1.2 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT…………………………………...6

3.1.4 INPUT & OUTPUT UNIT…………………………………………..7

3.1.5 SERIAL COMMUNICATION………………………………………7

3.1.6 TIMER UNIT………………………………………………………...8

3.1.8 PIN DIAGRAM……………………………………………………...9

3.1.10 REGISTER BANKS……………………………………………….12

3.1.11 BIT MEMORY…………………………………………………….12

3.1.12 SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER……………………………….12

3.1.15 DATA POINTER…………………………………………………...13

3.1.16 PROGRAM COUNTER…………………………………………….13

3.1.17 STACK POINTER………………………………………………….13

3.2 VOICE RECOGNITION MODULE V3………………………………...14

3.3 PS4 DEVELOPMENT BOARD…………………………………………15

3.4 ZIGBEE MODULE………………………………………………………18

3.4.1 PIN DIAGRAM……………………………………………………...18

3.6 RELAY BOARD………………………………………………………......21

3.7 PELTIER AC……………………………………………………………...22

3.8 WATER BLOCK AND WATER COOLING FAN DEVICE…………24

4 SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION………………26

4.1 TRANSMISSION MODULE……………………………………………26

4.2 RECEIVER MODULE………………………………………………….27

5 EXPERIMENTATION AND RESULTS………………………32

Dept of ECE, ASE, Bangalore Page 1

Dept of ECE, ASE, Bangalore Page 2

Fig 1.1 8051 Functional Block Diagram.

(i) High Integration of Functionality

Dept of ECE, ASE, Bangalore Page 4

(iii) Field Programmability, Flexibility

(iv) Microcontrollers often use EEPROM or EPROM as their storage device to

3.1.1 MEMORY UNIT

Dept of ECE, ASE, Bangalore Page 5

3.1.2 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

Dept of ECE, ASE, Bangalore Page 6

3.1.4 INPUT-OUTPUT UNIT

3.1.5 SERIAL COMMUNICATION

3.1.6 TIMER UNIT

Dept of ECE, ASE, Bangalore Page 8

3.1.8 PIN CONFIGURATION

Fig 3.2 Pin Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller

VCC (Pin 40)

Provides voltage to the chip . +5V

GND (Pin 20)

XTAL1 (Pin 19) and XTAL2 (Pin 18)

Crystal Oscillator connected to pins 18, 19.

RST (Pin 9): Reset pin

• Connected to VCC for on chip ROM

Program Store Enable: PSEN 29

Address Latch Enable: ALE 30

I/O Port Pins and their Functions:

•ALE is used to de multiplex data and address bus