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Documente Cultură
EGS 295
Meng Zhou
Gravity
Grass Bad
Increase in evaporation
Cultivated Destroy roots
Compaction
1
Measuring infiltration rate Measuring infiltration
Double ring infiltrometer
t1
Infiltration rate = ∆H/∆t ∆H/∆t
t2
Constant rate
60 120
Time(min)
2
Measuring infiltration rates Measuring infiltration rates
Time (min) Height (in) Time (min) Height (in)
0 0 0 0 4
5 1.00 0 5 1.00
10 1.51 3
10 1.51
0.5
Height (inch)
15 1.82
15 1.82
1.0 20 1.99 2
20 1.99
25 2.11
25 2.11 1.5 30 2.14 1
30 2.14
2.0 35 2.20
35 2.20 40 2.25 0
40 2.25 2.5 45 2.30 0 20 40 60 80 100
45 2.30 50 2.34 Time (min)
3.0
50 2.34 55 2.41
55 2.41 60 2.45
60 2.45
Horizontal zones
evapotranspiration
Lecture 13: Soil Water
Root zone
Intermediate zone Infiltration
Tension and saturation zone Clay ~ meters
Sands ~ 0
Groundwater zone
3
Soil as a porous medium Forms of Soil Water Storage
Pore: small opening or passageway 1) Chemical water: An An integral part of the
molecular structure of soil minerals. It can be
Interconnected pores - soil held tightly by electrostatic forces to the surfaces
of clay crystals and other minerals and is
store water unavailable to plants.
transmitting water
2) Pore water: (available for plants)
Gravitational water is held in large soil pores
Non-
Non-connected pores and rapidly drains out in a day so.
Capillary water is held in pores that are small
store water enough to hold water against gravity, but not so
tightly that roots cannot absorb it.
Ideal proportions of soil pores, their Water holding capacity (mm/cm depth of soil)
size, function and formation
1 cm
? mm
Porous Media
Measuring the soil water holding capacity
Air or gravity water Vg
Capillary/absorbed Vc
4
Water holding capacity (mm/cm depth of soil)
Gravimetric water content
_
Vacuum meter
Capillary tension
Water
Gravity
Ceramic cup
5
Neutron probe
Source of fast neutrons:
americium-241 and
beryllium.
emitting photons
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