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  • Kinematic Indicators in Shear Zones

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    Alvaro Madrid
    75 vizualizări39 pagini
    This document discusses various kinematic indicators that can be used to determine the sense of shear in shear zones, including: - Offset and deflected markers that indicate right-lateral or left-lateral motion - S-C fabrics where S surfaces are foliation planes and C surfaces in shear bands determine sense of shear - Rotation of porphyroblasts, inclusions and other grains indicating clockwise or counterclockwise rotation - Asymmetric tails on porphyroclasts and pressure shadows with fiber growth showing the direction of maximum extension - Fractured grains and tension gashes in veins indicating right-lateral or left-lateral offset.

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    Kinematic Indicators in Shear Zones

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    This document discusses various kinematic indicators that can be used to determine the sense of shear in shear zones, including: - Offset and deflected markers that indicate right-lateral or left-lateral motion - S-C fabrics where S surfaces are foliation planes and C surfaces in shear bands determine sense of shear - Rotation of porphyroblasts, inclusions and other grains indicating clockwise or counterclockwise rotation - Asymmetric tails on porphyroclasts and pressure shadows with fiber growth showing the direction of maximum extension - Fractured grains and tension gashes in veins indicating right-lateral or left-lateral offset.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    75 vizualizări39 pagini

    Kinematic Indicators in Shear Zones

    Încărcat de

    Alvaro Madrid
    This document discusses various kinematic indicators that can be used to determine the sense of shear in shear zones, including: - Offset and deflected markers that indicate right-lateral or left-lateral motion - S-C fabrics where S surfaces are foliation planes and C surfaces in shear bands determine sense of shear - Rotation of porphyroblasts, inclusions and other grains indicating clockwise or counterclockwise rotation - Asymmetric tails on porphyroclasts and pressure shadows with fiber growth showing the direction of maximum extension - Fractured grains and tension gashes in veins indicating right-lateral or left-lateral offset.

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    din 39

    Geology 3120 - 


    Kinematic Indicators in Shear Zones



    See chapter 15 Fossen
    Outline!

    •  What to look for!


    •  Kinematic indicators!
    What to look for!

    •  Lines or Planes!
    •  Rotation!

    •  Mineral Growth!
    •  Cross-Cutting Relationships!
    Offset and Deflected Markers!

    How would you describe the kinematics of this system?!


    Offset and Deflected Markers!

    Right-lateral offset!
    Foliation!

    How would you describe


    the kinematics of this
    system?!
    Foliation!

    Left-lateral offset!
    Foliations (S-C fabric)
    n  Foliation develops as a result of simple shear
    n  Dominant simple-shear parallel to walls of shear zone develops a S-
    surface foliation
    n  New foliation develops (C-surface) at an angle (18-25 to the shear-
    zone walls)
    S-C Fabric!

    •  S-surfaces - foliation planes!

    •  C-surfaces - shear bands (useful for determining the sense of shear)!


    S-C Fabric!

    •  S-surfaces - foliation planes!

    •  C-surfaces - shear bands (useful for determining the sense of shear)!


    S-C Fabric!

    •  S-surfaces - foliation planes!

    •  C-surfaces - shear bands !

    • (determines the sense of shear)!


    S-C Fabric!

    •  S-surfaces - foliation planes!

    •  C-surfaces - shear bands (useful for determining the sense of shear)!


    S-C Fabric!

    Right-lateral motion!
    Foliation (mica) fish
    n  A layer with oblique internal fabric becomes detached
    along S-fabric to form an asymmetric ‘fish’.

    n Fish “flash” - oriented sample reflects sunlight…


    Mica Fish!

    Right-lateral movement!
    Mica Fish!

    Right-lateral movement!
    Porphyoblasts / Porphyroclasts
    n  Porphyroblasts = large grains that have grown in the
    rock mass during deformation and metamorphism
    n  Porphyroclasts = relict earlier large grains that have
    survived ductile deformation (e.g. feldspar)

    Blast: grain size increase

    Clast: grain size decrease


    n  Tails on
    porphyroclasts are
    asymmetric in the
    direction of ductile
    flow.
    Rotation!

    •  Works for inclusions, porphyroblasts, and porphyroclasts"

    •  Tails and fabric in the rotated grains are useful"


    Rotation!

    CW!

    •  Right-lateral shear (dextral) Inclusion trails=solution"


    Mylonitic orthogneiss - Nash Fork Shear Zone, Medicine Bow Mtns, So. Wyoming.

    K-spar porphyroclasts with asymmetric tails


    What is sense of shear here?
    Pressure Shadows with Fiber Growth!

    •  Minerals will grow in the direction of maximum extension"


    Pressure Shadows with Fiber Growth!

    Maximum shortening! Maximum extension!


    Pressure Shadows with Fiber Growth!
    Fractured Grains
    n  Large grains of some
    minerals (e.g. feldspars,
    pyroxenes) continue to
    deform brittlely within a
    ductile matrix.
    n  The fractures indicate a
    sense of motion opposite
    that of actual shear sense

    How would you describe the kinematics of this system?!


    Fractured Grains!

    How would you describe the kinematics of this system?!


    Fractured Grains!

    Right-lateral offset!
    Tension Gashes!

    •  Initial shearing!
    Tension Gashes!

    •  Directions of maximum extension and maximum shortening!


    Tension Gashes!

    •  Mode I (opening) fracture develops!


    Tension Gashes!

    •  Continued development of a tension gash!


    Tension Gashes!
    En echelon veins / tension gashes!

    •  Calcite extensional vein!


    Tension Gashes!

    How would you describe the kinematics of this system?!


    Tension Gashes!

    Left-lateral motion. !
    Tension Gashes!

    How would you describe the kinematics of this system?!


    Tension Gashes!

    Left-lateral motion!

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