International J.Math. Combin. Vol.

4(2017), 46-59

β−Change of Finsler Metric by h-Vector and Imbedding

Classes of Their Tangent Spaces

O.P.Pandey and H.S.Shukla

(Department of Mathematics & Statistics, DDU Gorakhpur University,Gorakhpur, India)

E-mail: oppandey1988@gmail.com, profhsshuklagkp@rediffmail.com

Abstract: We have considered the β−change of Finsler metric L given by L = f (L, β)

where f is any positively homogeneous function of degree one in L and β. Here β = bi (x, y)y i ,
in which bi are components of a covariant h-vector in Finsler space F n with metric L. We
have obtained that due to this change of Finsler metric, the imbedding class of their tangent
Riemannian space is increased at the most by two.
Key Words: β−Change of Finsler metric, h-vector, imbedding class.
AMS(2010): 53B20, 53B28, 53B40, 53B18.

§1. Introduction

Let (M n , L) be an n-dimensional Finsler space on a differentiable manifold M n , equipped with

the fundamental function L(x, y). In 1971, Matsumoto [2] introduced the transformation of
Finsler metric given by
L(x, y) = L(x, y) + β(x, y), (1.1)
2
L (x, y) = L2 (x, y) + β 2 (x, y), (1.2)

where β(x, y) = bi (x)y i is a one-form on M n . He has proved the following.

Theorem A. Let (M n , L) be a locally Minkowskian n-space obtained from a locally Minkowskian

n-space (M n , L) by the change (1.1). If the tangent Riemannian n-space (Mxn , gx ) to (M n , L) is
of imbedding class r, then the tangent Riemannian n-space (Mxn , g x ) to (M n , L) is of imbedding
class at most r + 2.

Theorem B. Let (M n , L) be a locally Minkowskian n-space obtained from a locally Minkowskian

n-space (M n , L) by the change (1.2). If the tangent Riemannian n-space (Mxn , gx ) to (M n , L) is
of imbedding class r, then the tangent Riemannian n-space (Mxn , g x ) to (M n , L) is of imbedding
class at most r + 1.

Theorem B is included in theorem A due to the phrase “at most ”.

In [6] Singh, Prasad and Kumari Bindu have proved that the theorem A is valid for Kropina
1 Received April 18, 2017, Accepted November 8, 2017.
 β−Change of Finsler Metric by h-Vector and Imbedding Classes of Their Tangent Spaces 47

change of Finsler metric given by

L2 (x, y)
L(x, y) = .
β(x, y)

In [3], Prasad, Shukla and Pandey have proved that the theorem A is also valid for expo-
nential change of Finsler metric given by

L(x, y) = Leβ/L .

Recently Prasad and Kumari Bindu [5] have proved that the theorem A is valid for
β−change [7] given by
L(x, y) = f (L, β),

where f is any positively homogeneous function of degree one in L, β and β is one-form.

In all these works it has been assumed that bi (x) in β is a function of positional coordinate
only.

The concept of h−vector has been introduced by H.Izumi. The covariant vector field
∂bi
bi (x, y) is said to be h−vector if ∂y j is proportional to angular metric tensor.

In 1990, Prasad, Shukla and Singh [4] have proved that the theorem A is valid for the
transformation (1.1) in which bi in β is h−vector.

All the above β−changes of Finsler metric encourage the authors to check whether the
theorem A is valid for any change of Finsler metric by h−vector.

In this paper we have proved that the theorem A is valid for the β−change of Finsler metric
given by
L(x, y) = f (L, β), (1.3)

where f is positively homogeneous function of degree one in L, β and

β(x, y) = bi (x, y)y i . (1.4)

Here bi (x, y) are components of a covariant h−vector satisfying

∂bi
= ρhij , (1.5)
∂y j

where ρ is any scalar function of x, y and hij are components of angular metric tensor. The
homogeneity of f gives
Lf1 + βf2 = f, (1.6)

where the subscripts 1 and 2 denote the partial derivatives with respect to L and β respectively.

Differentiating (1.6) with respect to L and β respectively, we get

Lf11 + βf12 = 0 and Lf12 + βf22 = 0.

48 O.P.Pandey and H.S.Shukla

Hence, we have
f11 f12 f22
2
=− = 2
β βL L
which gives
f11 = β 2 ω, f22 = L2 ω, f12 = −βLω, (1.7)

where Weierstrass function ω is positively homogeneous function of degree −3 in L and β.

Therefore
Lω1 + βω2 + 3ω = 0. (1.8)

Again ω1 and ω2 are positively homogeneous function of degree - 4 in L and β, so

Lω11 + βω12 + 4ω1 = 0 and Lω21 + βω22 + 4ω2 = 0. (1.9)

Throughout the paper we frequently use equation (1.6) to (1.9) without quoting them.

§2. An h−Vector

Let bi (x, y) be components of a covariant vector in the Finsler space (M n , L). It is called an
h−vector if there exists a scalar function ρ such that

∂bi
= ρhij , (2.1)
∂y j

where hij are components of angular metric tensor given by

∂2L
hij = gij − li lj = L .
∂y i ∂y j

Differentiating (2.1) with respect to y k , we get

∂˙j ∂˙k bi = (∂˙k ρ)hij + ρL−1 {L2 ∂˙i ∂˙j ∂˙k L + hij lk },

where ∂˙i stands for ∂

∂y i .

The skew-symmetric part of the above equation in j and k gives

(∂˙k ρ + ρL−1 lk )hij − (∂˙j ρ + ρL−1 lj )hik = 0.

Contracting this equation by g ij , we get

(n − 2)[∂˙k ρ + ρL−1 lk ] = 0,

which for n > 2, gives

ρ
∂˙k ρ = − lk , (2.2)
L
where we have used the fact that ρ is positively homogeneous function of degree −1 in y i , i.e.,
 β−Change of Finsler Metric by h-Vector and Imbedding Classes of Their Tangent Spaces 49

∂ρ j
∂y j y = −ρ.

We shall frequently use equation (2.2) without quoting it in the next article.

§3. Fundamental Quantities of (M n , L)

To find the relation between fundamental quantities of (M n , L) and (M n , L), we use the fol-
lowing results
∂˙i β = bi , ∂˙i L = li , ∂˙j li = L−1 hij . (3.1)

The successive differentiation of (1.3) with respect to y i and y j give

l i = f1 li + f2 b i , (3.2)

fp
hij = hij + f L2 wmi mj , (3.3)
L
where
β
p = f1 + Lf2 ρ, mi = bi − li .
L
The quantities corresponding to (M n , L) will be denoted by putting bar on the top of those
quantities.

From (3.2) and (3.3) we get the following relations between metric tensors of (M n , L) and
(M n , L)

fp
g ij = gij − L−1 {β(f1 f2 − f βLω) + Lρf f2 }li lj
L
+(f L2 ω + f22 )bi bj + (f1 f2 − f βLω)(li bj + lj bi ). (3.4)

The contravariant components of the metric tensor of (M n , L) will be obtained from (3.4)
as follows:
L ij Lv L4 ω i j L2 u
gij = g + 3 li lj − b b − 2 (li bj + lj bi ), (3.5)
fp f pt f pt f pt
where, we put bi = g ij bj , li = g ij lj , b2 = g ij bi bj and

u = f1 f2 − f βLω + Lρf22 ,
v = (f1 f2 − f βLω)(f β + △f2 L2 ) + Lρf2 {f (f + L2 ρf2 )
+L2 △(f22 + f L2 ω)}

and
β2
t = f1 + L3 ω△ + Lf2 ρ, △ = b2 − . (3.6)
L2
50 O.P.Pandey and H.S.Shukla

Putting q = f1 f2 − f βLω + Lρ(f22 + f L2 ω), s = 3f2 ω + f ω2 , we find that

f
(a) ∂˙i f = li + f2 mi
L
(b) ∂˙i f1 = −βLωmi
(c) ∂˙i f2 = L2 ωmi
(d) ∂˙i p = −Lω(β − ρL2 )mi
3ω
(e) ∂˙i ω = − li + ω2 mi
L
(f) ˙ 2
∂i b = −2C..i + 2ρmi
2
(g) ∂˙i △ = −2C..i − 2 (β − ρL2 )mi , (3.7)
L

(a) ∂˙i q = −(β − ρL2 )sLmi

(b) ∂˙i t = −2L3 ωC..i + [L3 △ω2 − 3(β − ρL2 )Lω]mi
3s
(c) ∂˙i s = − li + (4f2 ω2 + 3ω 2 L2 + f ω22 )mi (3.8)
L

where “.” denotes the contraction with bi , viz. C..i = Cjki bj bk .

Differentiating (3.4) with respect to y k and using (d that

mi li = 0, mi mi = △ = mi b i , hij mj = hij bj = mi , (3.10)

β i
where mi = g ij mj = bi − Ll .
i
To find C jk = g ih C jhk we use (3.5), (3.9), (3.10) and get

i i q sL3 L
C jk = Cjk + (hjk mi + hij mk + hik mj ) + mj mk mi − C.jk ni
2f p 2f p ft
4
Lq△ 2Lq + L △s
− 2 hjk ni − mj mk n i , (3.11)
2f pt 2f 2 pt

where ni = f L2 ωbi + uli .

Corresponding to the vectors with components ni and mi , we have the following:

Cijk mi = C.jk , Cijk ni = f L2 ωC.jk , mi ni = f L2 ω△. (3.12)

To find the v-curvature tensor of (M n , L) with respect to Cartan’s connection, we use the
following:
h
Cij hhk = Cijk , hik hkj = hij , hij ni = f L2 ωmj . (3.13)

The v-curvature tensors S hijk of (M n , L) is defined as

r r
S hijk = C hk Chjr − C hj C ikr . (3.14)

From (3.9)–(3.14), we get the following relation between v-curvature tensors of (M n , L)

 β−Change of Finsler Metric by h-Vector and Imbedding Classes of Their Tangent Spaces 51

and (M n , L):
fp
S hijk = Shijk + dhj dik − dhk dij + Ehk Eij − Ehj Eik , (3.15)
L
where
dij = P C.ij − Qhij + Rmi mj , (3.16)

Eij = Shij + T mi mj , (3.17)

 1/2
f pω pq L(2ωq − sp)
P =L , Q= √ , R= √ ,
t 2L2 f pωt 2 f ωpt
q L(sp − ωq)
S= √ , T = √ .
2L2 f ω 2p f ω

§4. Imbedding Class Numbers

The tangent vector space Mxn to M n at every point x is considered as the Riemannian n-
space (Mxn , gx ) with the Riemannian metric gx = gij (x, y)dy i dy j . Then the components of the
Cartan’s tensor are the Christoffel symbols associated with gx :

1 ih ˙
i
Cjk = g (∂k gjh + ∂˙j ghk − ∂˙h gjk ).
2
i
Thus Cjk defines the components of the Riemannian connection on Mxn and v-covariant deriva-
tive, say
Xi |j = ∂˙j Xi − Xh Cij
h

i
is the covariant derivative of covariant vector Xi with respect to Riemannian connection Cjk on
n n
Mx . It is observed that the v-curvature tensor Shijk of (M , L) is the Riemannian Christoffel
curvature tensor of the Riemannian space (M n , gx ) at a point x. The space (M n , gx ) equipped
with such a Riemannian connection is called the tangent Riemannian n-space [2].

It is well known [1] that any Riemannian n-space V n can be imbedded isometrically in a
Euclidean space of dimension n(n+1)2 . If n + r is the lowest dimension of the Euclidean space
n
in which V is imbedded isometrically, then the integer r is called the imbedding class number
of V n . The fundamental theorem of isometric imbedding ([1] page 190) is that the tangent
Riemannian n-space (Mxn , gx ) is locally imbedded isometrically in a Euclidean (n + r)−space if
and only if there exist r−number ǫP = ±1, r−symmetric tensors H(P )ij and r(r−1) 2 covariant
vector fields H(P,Q)i = −H(Q,P )i ; P, Q = 1, 2, · · · , r, satisfying the Gauss equations
X
Shijk = ǫP {H(P )hj H(P )ik − H(P )ij H(P )hk }, (4.1)
P

The Codazzi equations

X
H(P )ij |k − H(P )ik |j = ǫQ {H(Q)ij H(Q,P )k − H(Q)ik H(Q,P )j }, (4.2)
Q
52 O.P.Pandey and H.S.Shukla

and the Ricci-Kühne equations

X
H(P,Q)i |j − H(P,Q)j |i + ǫR {H(R,P )i H(R,Q)j − H(R,P )j H(R,Q)i }
R
hk
+ g {H(P )hi H(Q)kj − H(P )hj H(Q)ki } = 0. (4.3)

The numbers ǫP = ±1 are the indicators of unit normal vector NP to M n and H(P )ij are
the second fundamental tensors of M n with respect to the normals NP . Thus if gx is assumed
to be positive definite, there exists a Cartesian coordinate system (z i , up ) of the enveloping
Euclidean space E n+r such that ds2 in E n+r is expressed as
X X
ds2 = (dz i )2 + ǫp (dup )2 .
i p

§5. Proof of Theorem A

In order to prove the theorem A, we put

r
fp
(a) H (P )ij = H(P )ij , ǫP = ǫP , P = 1, 2, · · · , r
L
(b) H (r+1)ij = dij , ǫr+1 = 1
(c) H (r+2)ij = Eij , ǫr+2 = −1. (5.1)

Then it follows from (3.15) and (4.1) that

r+2
X
S hijk = ǫλ {H (λ)hj H (λ)ik − H (λ)hk H (λ)ij },
λ=1

which is the Gauss equation of (Mxn , gx ).

Moreover, to verify Codazzi and Ricci Kühne equation of (Mxn , g x ), we put

(a) H (P,Q)i = −H (Q,P )i = H(P,Q)i , P, Q = 1, 2, , · · · , r

√
L Lω
(b) H (P,r+1)i = −H (r+1,P )i = √ H(P ).i , P = 1, 2, · · · , r
t
(c) H (P,r+2)i = −H (r+2,P )i = 0, P = 1, 2, · · · , r.
sp − 2qω
(d) H (r+1,r+2)i = −H (r+2,r+1)i = √ mi . (5.2)
2f ω pt

The Codazzi equations of (Mxn , g x ) consists of the following three equations:

X
(a) H (P )ij kk − H (P )ik kj = ǫQ {H (Q)ij H (Q,P )k − H (Q)ik H (Q,P )j }
Q

+ ǫr+1 {H (r+1)ij H (r+1,P )k − H (r+1)ik H (r+1,P )j }

+ ǫr+2 {H (r+2)ij H (r+2,P )k − H (r+2)ik H (r+2,P )k } (5.3)
 β−Change of Finsler Metric by h-Vector and Imbedding Classes of Their Tangent Spaces 53

X
(b) H (r+1)ij kk − H (r+1)ik kj = ǫQ {H (Q)ij H (Q,r+1)k − H (Q)ik H (Q,r+1)j }
Q

+ǫr+2 {H (r+2)ij H (r+2,r+1)k − H (r+2)ik H (r+2,r+1)j },

X
(c) H (r+2)ij kk − H (r+2)ik kj = ǫQ {H (Q)ij H (Q,r+2)k − H (Q)ik H (Q,r+2)j }
Q

+ǫr+1 {H (r+1)ij H (r+1,r+2)k − H (r+1)ik H (r+1,r+2)j }.

where ki denotes v-covariant derivative in (M n , L), i.e. covariant derivative in tangent Rieman-
i
nian n-space (Mxn , g x ) with respect to its Christoffel symbols C jk . Thus

h
Xi kj = ∂˙j Xi − Xh C ij .

To prove these equations we note that for any symmetric tensor Xij satisfying Xij li =
j
Xij l = 0, we have from (3.11),
q
Xij kk − Xik kj = Xij |k − Xik |j − (hik X.j − hij X.k )
2f t
L3 ω q
+ (C.ik X.j − C.ij X.k ) − (Xij mk − Xik mj )
t 2f p
L3 (2qω − sp)
+ (X.j mk − X.k mj ) mi . (5.4)
2f pt

Also if X is any scalar function, then Xkj = X|j = ∂˙j X.

Verification of (5.3)(a) In view of (5.1) and (5.2), equation (5.3)a is equivalent to

r ! r !
fp fp

H(P )ij − H(P )ik
L k L j
r √
fp X L Lω
= . ǫQ {H(Q)ij H(Q,P )k − H(Q)ik H(Q,P )j } − √ {dij H(P ).k − dik H(P ).j }. (5.5)
L t
Q

q  q 
fp ˙ fp √q
Since L = ∂k L = 2 f Lp
mk , applying formula (5.4) for H(P )ij , we get
k

r ! r ! r
fp fp fp

H − H = {H(P )ij |k − H(P )ik |j }
L (P )ij k L (P )ik j L
r r
q fp L3 ω f p
− {hik H(P ).j − hij H(P ).k } + {C.ik H(p).j − C.ij H(p).k }
2f t L t L
√
L2 L(2qω − sp)
+ √ {H(P ).j mk − H(P ).k mj }mi . (5.6)
2t f p
q  q 
fp fp
Substituting the values of L H(P )ij − L H (P )ik from (5.6) and the values
k j
of dij from (3.16) in (5.5) we find that equation (5.5) is identically satisfied due to equation
54 O.P.Pandey and H.S.Shukla

(4.2).

Verification of (5.3)(b) In view of (5.1) and (5.2), equation (5.3)b is equivalent to

r
f ωp X
dij kk − dik kj = L ǫQ {H(Q)ij H(Q).k − H(Q)ik H(Q).j }
t
Q
sp − 2qω
+ √ {Eij mk − Eik mj }. (5.7)
2f ω pt

To verify (5.7), we note that

C.ij |k − C.ik |j = −bh Shijk (5.8)

hij |k − hik |j = L−1 (hij lk − hik lj ), (5.9)

 
β 1
mi |k = −C.ik − − ρ hik − li mk . (5.10)
L2 L

∂˙k (f ωp) = −2L−1 f ωplk + (qω + f pω2 )mk . (5.11)

Contracting (3.16) with bi and using (3.10), we find that

r
f ωp q(2L3 ω△ − p) − L3 △sp
d.j = L C..j + √ mj . (5.12)
t 2L2 f ωpt

Applying formula (5.4) for dij and substituting the values of d.j from (5.12) and dij from
(3.16), we get
√
Lq f ωp
dij kk − dik k=
j dij |k − dik |j − (hik C..j − hij C..k )
2f t3/2
L4 ω(2qω − sp)
+ √ (C..j mk − C..k mj )mi
2 f ωp.t3/2
√
L4 ω f ωp
+ (C.ik C..j − C.ij C..k )
t3/2
L4 ω△(3qω − sp)
+ √ (C.ik mj − C.ij mk )
2 f ωp.t3/2
Lq△(3qω − sp)
− √ (hik mj − hij mk ). (5.13)
4f f ωp.t3/2

From (3.16), we obtain

dij |k − dik |j = P (C.ij |k − C.ik |j ) − Q(hij |k − hik |j )

+R(mi |k mj + mj |k mi − mi |j mk − mk |j mi )
+(∂˙k P )C.ij − (∂˙j P )C.ik − (∂˙k Q)hij + (∂˙j Q)hik )
+(∂˙k R)mi mj − (∂˙j R)mi mk ). (5.14)
 β−Change of Finsler Metric by h-Vector and Imbedding Classes of Their Tangent Spaces 55

Since,
√ 
L4 ω f ωp Lf p{pω2 + 3Lω 2 (β − ρL2 )}
∂˙k P = 3/2
C ..k + √
t 2 f ωp.t3/2

Lqω
+ √ mk ,
2 f ωpt
Lpqω pq
∂˙k Q = √ 3/2
C..k − 3
√ lk
2 f ωp.t 2L f ωpt
(β − ρL2 )(qω + sp) pq(qω + f pω2 )
− √ mk − √ mk
2L f ωpt 4L2 (f ωp)3/2 t
pq{3ω(β − ρL2 ) − L2 △ω2 }
+ √ mk (5.15)
4L f ωp t3/2

and

L4 ω(2qω − sp) 2qω − sp

∂˙k R = √ C..k − √ lk + term containing mk ,
2 f ωp.t3/2 2 f ωpt

where we have used the equations (3.6), (3.7) and (3.8).

From equations (5.8)–(5.15), we have

r
f ωp
dij |k − dik |j = L (−bh Shijk )
t
L4 ω△(3qω − sp)
+ √ (C.ij mk − C.ik mj )
2 f ωp.t3/2
√
L4 ω f ωp
+ (C.ij C..k − C.ik C..j )
t3/2
Lωpq
+ √ (hik C..j − hij C..k )
2 f ωp.t3/2
pq[qωt + f (L3 ω△ + t){3Lω 2 (β − ρL2 ) + pω2 }]
+ ×
4L2 (f ωpt)3/2
L4 ω(2qω − sp)
(hij mk − hik mj ) + √ (C..k mj − C..j mk ) mi . (5.16)
2 f ωp.t3/2

Substituting the value of dij |k − dik |j from (5.16) in (5.13), then value of dij kk − dik kj
thus obtained in (5.7), and using equations (4.1) and (3.17), it follows that equation (5.7) holds
identically.

Verification of (5.3)(c) In view of (5.1) and (5.2), equation (5.3)c is equivalent to

sp − 2qω
Eij kk − Eik kj = √ (dij mk − dik mj ). (5.17)
2f ω pt

Contracting (3.17) by bi and using equation (3.10), we find that

pq + L3 △(sp − qω)
E.j = √ mj . (5.18)
2L2 p f ω
56 O.P.Pandey and H.S.Shukla

Applying formula (5.4) for Eij and substituting the value of E.j from (5.18) and the value
of Eij from (3.17), we get

qL△(sp − 2qω)
Eij kk − Eik kj = Eij |k − Eik |j + √ (hij mk − hik mj )
4f pt f ω
Lω{pq + L3 △(sp − qω)}
+ √ (C.ik mj − C.ij mk ). (5.19)
2pt f ω

From (3.17), we get

Eij |k − Eik |j = S(hij |k − hik |j ) + T {mi |k mj + mj |k mi

−mi |j mk − mk |j mi } + (∂˙k S)hij
−(∂˙j S)hik + (∂˙k T )mi mj − (∂˙j T )mi mk . (5.20)

Now,  
q (β − ρL2 )s q(f ω2 + f2 ω)
(∂˙k S) = − √ lk − √ + mk (5.21)
2L3 f ω 2L f ω 4L2 (f ω)3/2
and
sp − qω
(∂˙k T ) = − √ lk + term containing mk ,
2p f ω

where we have used the equations (3.7) and (3.8).

From equation (5.9)–(5.11), (5.20) and (5.21), we get

L(sp − qω)
Eij |k − Eik |j = √ (C.ij mk − C.ik mj )
2p f ω
q(sp − 2qω)
− 2 (hij mk − hik mj ). (5.22)
4L p(f ω)3/2

Substituting the value of Eij |k − Eik |j from (5.22) in (5.19), then the value of Eij kk − Eik kj
thus obtained in (5.17), and then using (3.16) in the right-hand side of (5.17), we find that the
equation (5.17) holds identically.

This completes the proof of Codazzi equations of (Mxn , gx ). The Ricci Kühne equations of
(Mxn , g x ) consist of the following four equations
X
(a) H (P,Q)i kj − H (P,Q)j ki + ǫR {H (R,P )i H (R,Q)j
R
−H (R,P )j H (R,Q)i } + ǫr+1 {H (r+1,P )i H (r+1,Q)j
−H (r+1,P )j H (r+1,Q)i } + ǫr+2 {H (r+2,P )i H (r+2,Q)j
−H (r+2,P )j H (r+2,Q)i } + ghk {H (P )hi H (Q)kj
−H (P )hj H (Q)ki } = 0, P, Q = 1, 2, · · · , r (5.23)
 β−Change of Finsler Metric by h-Vector and Imbedding Classes of Their Tangent Spaces 57

X
(b) H (P,r+1)i kj − H (P,r+1)j ki + ǫR {H (R,P )i H (R,r+1)j − H (R,P )j H (R,r+1)i }
R
+ ǫr+2 {H (r+2,P )i H (r+2,r+1)j − H (r+2,P )j H (r+2,r+1)i }
+ ghk {H (P )hi H (r+1)kj − H (P )hj H (r+1)ki } = 0, P = 1, 2, · · · , r
X
(c) H (P,r+2)i kj − H (P,r+2)j ki + ǫR {H (R,P )i H (R,r+2)j − H (R,P )j H (R,r+2)i }
R
+ ǫr+1 {H (r+1,P )i H (r+1,r+2)j − H (r+1,P )j H (r+1,r+2)i }
+ ghk {H (P )hi H (r+2)kj − H (P )hj H (r+2)ki } = 0, P = 1, 2, · · · , r

X
(d) H (r+1,r+2)i kj − H (r+1,r+2)j ki + ǫR {H (R,r+1)i H (R,r+2)j − H (R,r+1)j
R
×H (R,r+2)i } + ghk {H (r+1)hi H (r+2)kj − H (r+1)hj H (r+2)ki } = 0.

Verification of (5.23)(a) In view of (5.1) and (5.2), equation (5.23)a is equivalent to

X
H(P,Q)i kj − H(P,Q)j ki + ǫR {H(R,P )i H(R,Q)j − H(R,P )j H(R,Q)i }
R
L3 ω
+ {H(P ).i H(Q).j − H(P ).j H(Q).i } + g hk {H(P )hi H(Q)kj
t
fp
−H(P )hj H(Q)ki } = 0. P, Q = 1, 2, . . . , r. (5.24)
L

Since H(P )ij li = 0 = H(P )ji li , from (3.5), we get

fp
g hk {H(P )hi H(Q)kj − H(P )hj H(Q)ki } = g hk {H(P )hi H(Q)kj
L
L3 ω
−H(P )hj H(Q)ki } − {H(P ).i H(Q).j − H(P ).j H(Q).i }.
t
Also, we have H(P,Q)i kj − H(P,Q)j ki = H(P,Q)i |j − H(P,Q)j |i . Hence equation (5.24) is
satisfied identically by virtue of (4.3).

Verification of (5.23)(b) In view of (5.1) and (5.2), equation (5.23)b is equivalent to

√ ! √ !
L Lω L Lω

√ H(P ).i − √ H(P ).j
t j t i
√
L Lω X
+ √ ǫR {H(R,P )i H(R).j − H(R,P )j H(R).i }
t R
r
hk fp
+ g {H(P )hi dkj − H(P )hj dki } = 0. P, Q = 1, 2, · · · , r. (5.25)
L

Since bh |j = g hk C.jk , H(P )hi li = 0, we have

H(P ).i kj − H(P ).j ki = H(P ).i |j − H(P ).j |i = {H(P )hi |j − H(P )hj |i }bh
−g hk {H(P )hi C.kj − H(P )hj C.ki } (5.26)
58 O.P.Pandey and H.S.Shukla

√ ! √ !
L Lω
L Lω
√ = ∂˙j √
t j t
4
√ √
L ω Lω L Lω
= C..j + {pω2 + 3Lω 2 (β − ρL2 )} mj (5.27)
t3/2 2ωt3/2
and
r s
hk fp L hk
g {H(P )hi dkj − H(P )hj dki } = g ×
L fp
√
L3 ω L
{H(P )hi dkj − H(P )hj dki } − √ {H(P ).i d.j − H(P ).j d.i }. (5.28)
t fp

After using (3.16) and (5.12) the equation (5.28) may be written as
r √
hk fp L Lω hk
g {H(P )hi dkj − H(P )hj dki } = √ g ×
L t
√
L4 ω Lω
{H(P )hi C.kj − H(P )hj C.ki } − {H(P ).i C..j − H(P ).j C..i }
√ t3/2
L Lω
− [pω2 + 3Lω 2 (β − ρL2 )]{H(P ).i mj − H(P ).j mi }. (5.29)
2ωt3/2

From (4.2), (5.26)–(5.29) it follows that equation (5.25) holds identically.

Verification of (5.23)(c) In view of (5.1) and (5.2), equation (5.23)c is equivalent to

√
L Lω(2qω − sp)
√ {H(P ).i mj − H(P ).j mi }
2f ωt p
r
hk fp
+g {H(P )hi Ekj − H(P )hj Eki } = 0, (5.30)
L

Since Ekj lk = 0 = Ejk lk , from (3.5), we find that the value of ghk {H(P )hi Ekj − H(P )hj Eki }
is s √
L hk L3 ω L
.g {H(P )hi Ekj − H(P )hj Eki } − √ {H(P ).i E.j − H(P ).j E.i },
fp t fp

which, in view of (3.17) and (5.18), is equal to

√
L Lω(2qω − sp)
− √ {H(P ).i mj − H(P ).j mi }.
2f ωt p

Hence equation (5.30) is satisfied identically.

Verification of (5.23)(d) In view of (5.1) and (5.2), equation (5.23)d is equivalent to

(N mi )kj − (N mj )ki + ghk (dhi Ekj − dhj Eki ) = 0, (5.31)

sp−2qω
where N = √ .
2f ω pt
 β−Change of Finsler Metric by h-Vector and Imbedding Classes of Their Tangent Spaces 59

Since dhi lh = 0, Ekj lk = 0, from (3.5), we find that the value of ghk {dhi Ekj − dhj Eki } is

L hk L4 ω
g {dhi Ekj − dhj Eki } − {d.i E.j − d.j E.i },
fp f pt

which, in view of (3.16), (3.17), (5.12) and (5.18), is equal to

L3 (2qω − sp)
− √ {C..i mj − C..j mi }.
2f p.t3/2

Also,

(N mi )kj − (N mj )ki = N (mi kj − mj ki ) + (∂˙j N )mi − (∂˙i N )mj .

Since mi kj − mj ki = mi |j − mj |i = L−1 (lj mi − li mj ) and

2qω − sp L3 (sp − 2qω)

∂˙j N = − √ lj + √ C..j ,
2Lf ω pt 2f p.t3/2

we have
L3 (sp − 2qω)
(N mi )kj − (N mj )ki = √ (C..j mi − C..i mj ). (5.32)
2f p.t3/2
Hence equation (5.31) is satisfied identically. Therefore Ricci Kühne equations of (Mxn , gx )
given in (5.23) are satisfied.
Hence the Theorem A given in introduction is satisfied for the β−change (1.3) of Finsler
metric given by h−vector. 2

References

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