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Introduction

Water is vital to industries. It is used for a variety of purposes, such as cleaning or

dissolving substances. However, in other purposes, raw water entering an industrial plant

often requires treatment to meet tight quality specifications to be used in particular

industrial processes.

Water treatment is used to enhance most water-based industrial processes, such

as heating, cooling, processing, cleaning, and rinsing so that operating costs and risks are

lessened. Poor water treatment allows water interact with the pipes and vessels which

hold it. Steam boilers can scale up or corrode, and these deposits will mean more fuel is

needed to heat the same amount of water. Cooling towers can also scale up and corrode,

but left untreated, the warm, dirty water they can contain will urge bacteria to grow. Water

treatment is also used to improve the quality of water contacting the manufactured

product e.g. semiconductors, and/or can be part of the product e.g. beverages,

pharmaceuticals, etc.

One of the water treatment is demineralization. Demineralization is a type of water

purification. While it can refer to any treatment process that removes minerals from water,

the term demineralization is typically reserved specifically for ion exchange (IX) processes

used for near total removal of ionic mineral contaminants. Often, the terms

demineralization and deionization are used interchangeably. IX demineralization utilizes


both cation and anion exchange resins, sometimes even in the same column or bed. After

demineralization, the treated water will be of a high level of purity comparable to distilled

water, but typically at a much lower cost.

Demineralization generally results in almost complete removal of minerals, and is

thus typically reserved for applications requiring higher level of water purity, such as feed

or makeup water for high-pressure boilers, rinse water for food and beverage industries,

or process streams used in electronics manufacture, for example. For fresh water

applications, demineralization can be a good alternative to distillation, as it is capable of

producing water similar in quality to distilled water, but through a cost-effective ion

exchange process. The most common contaminants treated by demineralizers are

Calcium (Ca2+), Iron (Fe3+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Manganese (Mn2+), Potassium (K+),

Sodium (Na+); Alkalinity (CO32-, HCO3–), Chloride (Cl–), Nitrate (NO3–), Sulfates (SO42-)

and Silica (SiO2)

Demineralization plants extends to a wide range of industries from power industry,

refinery industry, petrochemical and chemical industry, food and beverage industry to

pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industry. This proposal describes the design of a water

demineralization plant which produces treated water required for processes in other

industries.
Objective

This proposal aims to construct a water demineralization plant that can produce

high-purity water. It also intends to:

a. explain the application of demineralized water in various industries;

b. describe each process in demineralizing water; and

c. determine the minerals removed in the process.

Site Location

This water demineralization plant proposes to be built in a location where its

product will be a source to the water requirement of the processes of other industries. It

is suggested to be constructed in an industrial park located in the city of Lakewood.


Reference: An Introduction to INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMINERALIZATION SYSTEMS : A PUBLICATION OF

SAMCO TECHNOLOGIES

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