EVAPORATION

HIRIZZA JUNKO M. YAMAMOTO

Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, Cebu Institute of Technology – University

N. Bacalso Ave. Cebu City, 6000 Philippines

DRY LABORATORY
PROBLEM 1. Production of Distilled Water
An evaporator having an area of 83.6 m2 and U = 2270 W/ m2∙K is used to produce distilled
water for a boiler feed. Tap water having 400 ppm dissolved solids at 15.6°C is fed to the
evaporator operating at 1 atm pressure abs. Saturated steam at 115.6°C is available for use.
Calculate the amount of distilled water produced per hour if the outlet liquid contains 800 ppm
solids.
Given:
U = 2270 W/ m2∙K
A = 83.6 m2

Solution:
From Appendix A.2-9 of Principles of Transport Processes and Separation Processes by Christie John
Geankoplis: 𝜆100°𝐶 = 2257.06 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝜆115.6°𝐶 = 2214.85 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
Material Balance:
F(xF) = L1(x1) + V(yv)
F(400) = L1(800) + V(0)
L1 = 0.5F
F = L1 + V
F = 0.5F + V
V = 0.5F
Heat Balance: @ 100°C
𝐹𝐶𝑝𝐿 (∆𝑇) + 𝑆(𝜆𝑠 ) = 𝐿(∆𝑇) + 𝑉(𝜆𝑉 )
𝐹(4.198)(15.6 − 100) + 𝑆(2214.85) = 𝐿(100 − 100) + 𝑉(2257.06)
-353.47F + S (2214.85) = 2257.06V

q=UA∆T = 2270(83.6) (115.6-100) (3600/100)

q= 10 657 595 kJ/h
Substitute value of q for S(𝜆𝑠 ) in heat balance:
-353.47F + S (10 657 595) = 2257.06V
F = 7191 kg/h
V = 3595 kg/h
PROBLEM 2. Boiling Points in a Triple-Effect Evaporator
A solution with a negligible boiling point rise is being evaporated in a triple-effect evaporator
using saturated steam at 121.1°C (393.4 K). The pressure in the vapor of the last effect is 25.6
kPa abs. The heat-transfer coefficients are U1 = 2840, U2 = 1988, and U3 = 1420 W/ m2∙K, and
the areas are equal. Estimate the boiling point in each of the evaporators.
Solution:
A1 = A2 = A3
From Appendix A.2-9 of Principles of Transport Processes and Separation Processes by Christie John
Geankoplis:
@ P3 = 25.6 kPa, T3 = 65.6°C

Σ∆𝑇 = ∆𝑇1 + ∆𝑇2 + ∆𝑇3 = 𝑇𝑆 − 𝑇3

Σ∆𝑇 = 121.1 − 65.6 = 55.5 °𝐶
1
𝑈1
∆𝑇1 = Σ∆𝑇( )
1 1 1
+ +
𝑈1 𝑈2 𝑈3
1
55.5(2840)
∆𝑇1 = = 12.53°𝐶
1 1 1
2840 + 1988 + 1420
1
55.5(1988)
∆𝑇2 = = 17.90°𝐶
1 1 1
+ +
2840 1988 1420
1
55.5(1420)
∆𝑇3 = = 25.07°𝐶
1 1 1
+ +
2840 1988 1420
T1 = Ts - ∆T = 121.1 – 12.5
T2 = T1 - ∆T2 = 108.6 -17.9
T3 = T2 - ∆T3 = 90.7 – 25.1
T1 = 108.6 °C
T2 = 90.7 °C
T3 = 65.6 °C