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Cam advance and retard for improved performance

Cam advance
Advancing the camshaft (the intake & exhaust valves both open & close earlier) has these
general effects:
» cranking pressure (gauge pressure) is increased
» tendency to knock at low speed is increased
» low speed power is increased
» idle speed is increased
» peak torque is increased, but may be at lower RPM
» peak power may be reduced
» intake valve to piston clearance is reduced
» exhaust valve to piston clearance is increased
» traction (for ½ mile, &c. racing) is reduced
» overlap duration is not affected, but engine vacuum may change
» idle and low speed exhaust note is louder, due to both earlier intake closing and exhaust
opening
» LSA is not affected
If power continues to go up as the cam is advanced beyond 8°, the cam is probably too large
(especially: the intake closing point is too late), or the engine needs more compression.

Cam retard
Retarding the camshaft (the intake & exhaust valves both open & close later) has these general
effects:
» cranking pressure is reduced
» tendency to knock at low speed is reduced
» low speed power is reduced
» idle speed is probably reduced
» idle smoothness is increased
» peak torque may be reduced, but at higher RPM
» peak power may be increased
» intake valve to piston clearance increased
» exhaust valve to piston clearance reduced
» traction (for ½ mile, &c. racing) is increased
» overlap duration is not affected, but engine vacuum may change
» idle and low speed exhaust note is softer, due to both later intake closing and exhaust opening
» LSA is not affected
If power continues to go up as the cam is retarded beyond 4°, the cam is probably too small
(especially: the overlap is too short, or LSA too wide).

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