YOU&BABY
October 2010
In 2008, 141
children (< age 13)
were diagnosed with HIV
in the US. Cause?
Mother-to-child
transmission.
DO YOU HAVE HIV? ARE YOUR PREGNANT?
If you have HIV and become pregnant you can infect your baby. However, there are steps you can take to stay
healthy and prevent transmission. If you are pregnant and do not know your HIV status, get tested now.
What is HIV? Human immuno-
deficiency virus is the virus that
causes acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS). The virus weakens
the immune system and over time
prevents it from functioning properly.
Many people living with HIV are
asymptomatic, without symptoms, for
weeks, months or years. However,
once certain symptoms appear and
the body’s infection-fighting cells
decrease to a certain level the virus
progresses to AIDS. There is no cure
for HIV or AIDS. There are many
drugs and treatments that can delay
the onset of AIDS.
HIV &
Pregnancy:
Take care of
yourself and
learn what can
be done to
prevent
transmission to
your baby.
If you have HIV and you are
pregnant, it is important that you
continue routine check-ups and seek
prenatal care. Because your HIV
status may make you more prone to
infections, you should be tested for
other infections, including sexually-
transmitted diseases (STDs) that can
compromise your health and/or the
health of your baby.
Treatment for HIV while you are
pregnant will depend on several
Prenatal Care
factors, including:
It is paramount that you
• CD4 levels; and receive regular check-ups
• viral load. and prenatal care for your
health and your baby’s.
[1]

TRANSMISSION
1 If you are newly diagnosed with
2 Please note that you should not take
3 outweigh the potential risks to the
Mother-to-child transmission
1 Placenta. HIV can be
transmitted through the
placenta.
2 Labor & Childbirth.
HIV can be transmitted
during delivery.
3 Breast Milk. HIV can
be transmitted through
your breast milk.
HIV treatment while you are
pregnant.
CD4 cells are the main infection-
fighting cells in the body. In a healthy
person CD4 cell levels are between
700-1000. A person with HIV should
have a level around 500. A viral load
test measures how much HIV is in your
blood. The best result is babies born in the U.S. to HIV positive
“undetectable,” while anyone with a mothers have HIV. Between 1998 and
viral load over 100,000 should receive
treatment.
HIV or you were not receiving
treatment before you became
pregnant, and your CD4 cells level and transmit HIV to their babies.
viral load are within an acceptable
range your health care provider may
wait until after your first trimester to
start treatment. HIV medications may
affect the development of the fetus.
efavirenz (brand name Sustiva) while
you are pregnant, as it may cause fetal
harm.
If you are currently receiving
treatment for HIV and become
pregnant you should discuss your
options with your health care provider.
Usually the benefits of the medication
fetus, and you should continue with
drug therapy. By stopping treatment
you could elevate your viral load
dramatically and increase the risk of
transmitting HIV to your baby.
You should work closely with your
health care provider and community
resources. The best thing you can do
while you are pregnant is stay healthy.
Smoking, substance abuse, and
malnutrition are all associated with
higher rates of mother-to-child
[2]
transmission. Keeping your viral load
low and CD4 cell count high will help
maintain your health and reduce your
risk of infecting your baby.
Preventing transmission of HIV to
your baby.
Without interventions, one in five
2007, the North Carolina Department
of Health and Human Services reports
38 HIV diagnoses that were likely due
to perinatal transmission in the state.
There are three ways for mothers to
1. While instances are low, HIV
can be passed to the baby
through the placenta.
2. HIV can be transmitted during
labor and delivery due to factors,
such as preterm birth, duration of
membrane rupture, and type of
birth.
3. ormal” in your body you are
newly diagnosed with HIV or were
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YOU & BABY
HIV & PREGNANCY: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
TO KEEP YOU & YOUR BABY HEALTHY
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Role of Community Nurses
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venenatis, cras sit id in vestibulum felis HIV infection.
in, sed ligula. In sodales suspendisse • Infants delivered to a woman
mauris quam etiam erat, quia tellus whose HIV status is unknown, will
convallis eros rhoncus diam orci, porta be tested for HIV.
lectus esse adipiscing posuere et eros. North Carolina state law mandates
that clinicians offer HIV testing to
pregnant women. In addition, any
Community Resources
infant delivered to a woman whose
Mecklenburg County Health
HIV status is unknown will be tested
Department-HIV Case Mgmt
249 Billingsley Rd. for HIV using a rapid HIV test.
Charlotte, NC 28211
704-591-1332
Florence Crittenton Services
1300 Blythe Blvd.
Charlotte, NC 28203
704-372-4663
AIDSinfo Health Information
Specialist
1-800-448-0440
Health Policy & NC State Laws
The Center for Disease Control
(CDC) has recommendations for HIV
testing of pregnant women.
• HIV testing should be included
in routine prenatal screening
• Repeat testing should be
completed in the third trimester of
[3]

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[4]
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