Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
K-12 GRADE 11
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ACRONYMS OF PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING GRADE 11
➢ WHAT IS COMPUTER?
▪ COMPUTER - an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according
to instructions given to it in a variable program.
SYSTEM UNIT - Also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part of a desktop
computer. The system unit also includes the case that houses the internal components of the
computer.
MASS STORAGE DEVICE ( MSD) - is any storage device that makes it possible to store and
port large amounts of data across computers, servers and within an IT environment. MSDs are
portable storage media that provide a storage interface that can be both internal and external to
the computer.
o A mass storage device may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The term is
commonly used to describe USB mass storage devices.
OUTPUT DEVICE -is any peripheral that receives data from a computer, usually for display,
projection, or physical reproduction.
INPUT DEVICE - is a piece of computer hardware equipment used to provide data and control
signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance.
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ACRONYMS OF PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING GRADE 11
MOBO – Motherboard. A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of
a computer system. It holds together many of the crucial components of a computer,
including the central processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors for input and output
devices.
MOBO CPU
1. CPU - Central Processing Unit of the computer. This is like the computer’s brain.
2. RAM - Random Access Memory which is the space inside the computer that can be accessed at one
time. If you increase the amount of RAM, then you will increase the computer’s speed.
ROM RAM
3. ROM - Read Only Memory which is the instruction for the computer and can not be altered.
4. BIOS - Basic Input/Output System which controls the computer, telling it what operations to perform.
These instructions are on a chip that connects to the motherboard.
EXPANSION BUS
The Level 2 Cache Memory on an Old Motherboard
7. EXPANSION BUS - An expansion bus is an assortment of wires that allows for computer expansion
with the use of an expansion board, a printed circuit board inserted into an expansion slot on the
motherboard or backplane that provides additional features to a computer system.
8. CHIPSETS - a collection of integrated circuits that form the set needed to make an electronic device
such as a computer motherboard or portable telephone.
✓ The SOUTHBRIDGE (also called the input/output controller or expansion controller) handles
communications between slower peripheral devices. It is also called the ICH (I/O Controller Hub).
The term "bridge" is generally used to designate a component which connects two buses.
9. CPU Clock – central processing unit clock, also called clock rate, the speed at which a
microprocessor executes instructions.
13. Memory Slot - it allows the computer memory (ram chip/stick to be inserted into the computer.
MODEM CARD
14. modem card - use for internet connection, A modem card is an internal type of modem that is
plugged into the PCI slot of a PC motherboard. A modem is a communications device that allows a
computer to send and receive data through telephone or cable lines.
15. PCI slot- Peripheral component inter-connect. is a local computer bus for attaching hardware
devices in a computer.
16. ISA slot - industry standard architecture, is a standard bus (computer interconnection)
architecture that is associated with the IBM AT motherboard. It allows 16 bits at a time to flow between
the motherboard circuitry and an expansion slot card and its associated device(s).
17. AGP slot - accelerated graphic port. Where you would plug in a graphics card
18. SATA - serial advance technology attachment. A way to connect hard drives to the
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motherboard for data transfer. A faster, more reliable interface designed to replace the older PATA
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21. Scsi - small computer system interface. . Pronounced "skuzzy." A very fast, very reliable interface
used to connect hard drives to a computer's motherboard. Usually used only in high-end servers.
22. floppy disk - relatively slow and have small capacity but they are portable,inexpensive and
universal.
23. Hard Disk - a very fast and with more capacity than floppy disk but more expensive. Hard disk
HARD Disk
24. Optical Disk - have very large storage capacity, but they are not fast as hard disks.
AGP
CD: Compact Disc. A type of optical media, so called because it uses light to read the data stored on the disk.
CD-R: Compact Disc Recordable. A CD that can be recorded, but from which data cannot be deleted so the
space can be re-used. You can record on a CD-R multiple times, but the remaining space will be reduced by
whatever's already occupying space on the disk.
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ACRONYMS OF PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING GRADE 11
DRAM
DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory." A type of RAM that stores each bit of data on separate
capacitors.
DV: Digital Video. A protocol for the storage and transfer of audio-visual information, often used to transfer
information from a camcorder to a computer, usually over a Firewire interface.
DVD: Digital Versatile Disc. A type of optical media that allows far more storage than a CD.
DVD+R: Digital Versatile Disc Recordable. A type of DVD that can be recorded, but from which information
cannot be deleted and the space it occupied re-used.
DVD+RW: Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable. A DVD that can be recorded, and from which information can
be deleted and the space it occupied re-used.
DVD-R: Digital Versatile Disc Recordable. A type of DVD that can be recorded, but from which information
cannot be deleted and the space it occupied re-used.
DVD-RAM: Digital Versatile Disc Random Access Memory. A DVD that can be written, erased, and re-
written, and which also are capable of error-checking and other advanced sorts of stuff that RAM can do,
making them suitable for us as RAM. They are much slower than real RAM, however, and are starting to fade
from use.
DVD-RW: Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable. A DVD that can be recorded, and from which information can be
deleted and the space it occupied re-used.
DVI: Digital Video Interface. A type of digital video interface that can be used by computers and other video
devices. It was an improvement over VGA, but is starting to be obsolesced by HDMI.
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ACRONYMS OF PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING GRADE 11
ECC: Error Correction Code. ECC Memory uses a parity bit to insure that data has been transmitted
correctly. It is both slower and more expensive than non-ECC memory, but it's more reliable. In order to use
ECC memory, your motherboard must support it, and all of the memory on-board must be ECC. It's mainly
used in high-end servers.
EIDE: Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics. EIDE was an improvement over IDE, which used to be the
standard protocol for hard drive communications in most computers intended as workstations (as opposed to
servers). EIDE supported data transfer rates of up to 16.6 Mbps, which was twice as fast as IDE, and required
an 80-conductor cable (as opposed to the 40-conductor cables used for IDE). EIDE drives are being
obsolesced by SATA, but there are still a bunch of them in service.
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions.
FSB: Front Side Bus. The part of a computer motherboard that allows the computer's processor to
communicate with the RAM and the other components on the motherboard.
GPU: Graphics Processing Unit. The chip on a video card that processes graphics and video. Sometimes
integrated on the motherboard, and sometimes on the CPU itself.
HDD: Hard Disk Drive. An array of magnetic disks that store data until it is intentionally deleted by the user,
the system, or a program.
HDMI: High-Definition Multimedia Interface. A digital standard for transmitting high-definition video and
audio using a single cable. HDMI is rapidly becoming the standard interface for computers and home
entertainment devices.
HDTV: High-Definition Television. The over-the-air television standard that replaced NTSC in the United
States. Tuners are available that allow HDTV signals to be captured and processed on a computer, enabling
the user to watch TV on his or her computer.
I/O: Input/Output. Kind of a generic term for data moving into or out of a computer or component.
IDE: Integrated Device Electronics. See EIDE above.
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The highly-educated geeks who came up with most
of these standards and acronyms.
IGP: Integrated Graphics Processor. A video processing unit or video "card" that's integrated onto a
computer motherboard, or sometimes onto the CPU.
IRQ: Interrupt Request. This gets complicated, but basically it's a way for a component of a computer to get
the processor's attention. Back in the old days, we had to assign each component an IRQ. Although there were
standards that were used by default, sometimes conflicts would arise when two or more devices tried to share
the same IRQ, and we'd have to reassign IRQs to eliminate the conflicts. Nowadays, it's all pretty much
automatic and pretty much reliable; so unless you're an engineer, knowing about IRQs is mainly a nice way to
impress people.
ISA: Industry Standard Architecture. An obsolete expansion interface, which began to be replaced by PCI
and AGP in the mid-1990's.
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display. A type of solid-state display technology used in computer monitors and other
electronic displays.
LED: Light-Emitting Diode. A semiconductor that emits light. Often used for indicator lights, panel lights, and
to illuminate LED computer monitors.
LUN: Logical Unit Number. Used to identify SCSI devices. Each device is assigned LUN ranging from 0 to 7,
which identifies the device within the particular computer. Can also be used as an address for a virtual hard
drive partition in a RAID array.
MAC: Address: Media Access Control Address. The unique identification of any network connection device,
such as a network card or modem.
MBR: Master Boot Record. The section of the hard drive located in the boot sector, which contains (at a
minimum) the partition table and the bootstrap code.
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MCA: Micro Channel Architecture. An obsolete, IBM-proprietary expansion interface. Few devices were
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SRAM
SRAM: Static Random Access Memory. Pronounced "ESS-ram." A type of RAM that holds data statically
rather than dynamically. Faster and much more expensive than DRAM, SRAM is used mainly as cache
memory on hard drives and processors.
sRGB: Standard Red Green Blue. The color standard now used by most image-related hardware, such as
monitors, scanners, printers, and so forth.
SSD: Solid State Drive. A mass-storage device with no moving parts, which stores data in arrays of flash
memory. Better-quality ones have better data access speed than hard disk drives. In addition, because they
are not sequential devices, there is no degradation of access speed when the drives become fragmented.
However, SSDs are more expensive the HDDs, have a limited duty life, and may be difficult to recover data
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VDU: Visual Display Unit. A monitor, projector, or other device used to display or project a computer's visual
data.
VRAM: Video Random Access Memory. Memory used by the video processor to store image data being
processed and sent to the monitor.
➢ HUB - A hub is a device that connects a number of computers together to make a LAN.
o The typical use of a hub is at the centre of a star network (or as part of a hybrid network) -
the hub has cables plugged into it from each computer
➢ SWITCH - A switch, like a hub, is a device that connects a number of computers together to make
a LAN.
o The typical use of a switch is at the centre of a star network (or as part of a hybrid network)
- the switch has cables plugged into it from each computer.
➢ ROUTER - A router is a network device that connects together two or more networks.
o A common use of a router is to join a home or business network (LAN) to
the Internet (WAN).
➢ PROXY SERVER - A proxy server is a computer setup to share a resource, usually an Internet
connection.
➢ BRIDGE - a bridge is a network device that typically links together two different parts of a lan.
➢ FIREWALL - A firewall is a device, or a piece of software that is placed between your computer and the
rest of the network (where the hackers are!)
➢ MODEM - Before the days of broadband Internet connections, most computers connected to the Internet
via telephone lines (dial-up connections).
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