By

ABHINAV YADAV
B.Tech (me)
Invertis university barielly
 The shaper s a reciprocating type of machines
Tool used for producing small flat surface with
the help of a single point tool reciprocating
over the stationary workpiece. The flat surface
may be vertical & horizontal .
1. base - it is a heavy structure of cast iron which
supports other part of machine
2. Column – it is box like structure made of cast iron &
mounted upon the base
3. Ram – it is reciprocating member which reciprocates
on the guidway provided above the column.it carries a
tool slide on its head and a mechanism for adjusting
the stroke length
4. Tool head – it is attached to the front portion of the ram
. It is used to hold the tool rigily also provid the
vertical& angular movements to the tool for cutting
5. cross rail – it is attached to the front vertical portions of
the column
6. Table - it is used for holding the workpiece
1. Acc. to the ram driving mechanism
a. Crank shaper
b. Geared shaper
c. Hydroulic shaper
2. Acc to the position&travel of ram
a. Horizantal shaper
b. Vertical shaper
3. Acc to the direction of cutting stroke
a. Push cutt shaper
b. draw cutt shaper
4.Acc to the design of the table
a. Standerdshaper
b. Universal shaper
 The tool is held in the tool post of the
reciprocating ram & perform the cutting
operation during its forward stroke. It may be
noted that during the backword stroke of the
ram , the tool does not remove material from
the workpiece. For shaping in horizantal
direction ,the depth of cut is adjusted by
moving the tool downward towords the
workpiece.& in vertical ,the tool is feed
vertically towords the workpiece , the depth of
cutting is adjustid by the workpiece sideways
 It provides economical&simple tooling
 It is easy to set up &can be used canany flat or
angular surface
 Shaper is limmited in holding close tolerance
becouse of the long unsupported overhang of
the ram at the end of the each stroke
 Due to its single point tooling the shaperis not
suited for production work
 It having only one tool for cutting the
workpiece
 The vertical shaper ,sometimes called a slotter,
has a vertical ram. If a rotary table is mounted
on the regular table, anumber of slots can be
made at quit accurately spaced intervals . This
machine can work either outside or inside a
part, provided that the interir opening is
largertha the tool head
1. Base - it is rigidly built is cast intigral with the column
2. Saddle – it is mounted on the guideways& may be
moved towords pr away from the column
3. Cross slide – it is mounted on the guideways of the
saddle&may be moved parallel to the phase of the
column

4. Rotary table – it is a circular table mounted on the top

of the cros slidethi is provided with an index plate .
Index plate provided accurate division of parts
5. Ram – it reciprocate in a vertical direction ram caries
cutting tool at its lower end
1. Puncher slotter –
2. Production slotter
3. Tool room slotter
 This machine is used to produce plane & flate
surface by single point cutting tool .it is similar
to shaper bt its size is very large and is adopted
for producing flat surface of much larger work
than ashaper.the basic diff. b/w planer &
shaper is , in planer , the tool remains
stationary & the work reciprocate wheras in
shaper,the tool is reciprocete &work is
staionary
1. Double-housing planer – it consist of a long heavy
base on which the table reciprocate.it having 2
housing one on each side of the table.the housing
are connecting at the top
2. Open-sided planer – it having housing only one
side . It permits machining wider workpiece
3. Pit planer - it is massive type planer capable of
holding very big workpiece . In this the bed is
stationary & the tool is moved over the job
4. Edge or plate planer – it is specially designed
planer used fore the edge of heavy steel
plate,pressure vessels& ship building works
1. Bed
2. Table
3. Housing
4. Cross rail
5. Tool head
  SHAPER . PLANER
1. These are light in 1. Large & heavy
construction 2. More floor area
2. Requires less floor space area 3. Tool stationary,
3. Tool reciprocate,the workpicemove
workpiece is stationary 4. quite massive
4. Shaper tools are simple 5. More than one tool can be
5. Only one tool use use
6. Perfect accuracy is not obtain 6. Maximume accuracy
7. Adopted for small work optained
8. Used for batch or job shop 7. It is adopted for large work
production 8. Used for mass production
9. Cost of machine is less 9. Cost of machine is high
YOU