Participant Book

GREEN BUILDING
PRINCIPLES & LEED

LEARN FROM THE EXPERTS
LEED – We Make it Easy!
PROVIDER:
GreenCE, Inc.
AUTHOR: Glen B. Phillips,

LEED AP BD+C, LC
glen@greence.com
360.727.3528
Part 1
 INTRODUCTION
 Green Principles
 USGBC
 LEED Rating System & Process
Part 2
 LOCATION & TRANSPORTATION
 SUSTAINABLE SITES
 WATER EFFICIENCY
Part 3
 ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE
A G E N DA  MATERIALS & RESOURCES
Part 4
 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
 INNOVATION AND REGIONAL PRIORITY
 REVIEW and Exam Strategies
1
By completing this course, you will be able to:
 Explain the various LEED rating systems,

categories, and minimum program
requirements.
 List the requirements, strategies and intent of
each credit in LEED v4 for New Construction
 Identify the core concepts and define key terms
W H AT W I L L YO U behind green building.
LEARN?  Differentiate between the many referenced
standards used by LEED v4, such as ASHRAE
Learning Objectives Standard 90.1-2010, Green-e Energy product
certification, and the California Department of
Public Health Standard Method v1.1-2010.
 Identify best practices for achieving a
sustainable project site, such as site selection,
reducing building footprint and restoring native
vegetation, to reduce impact to the
environment.
 Determine appropriate water saving strategies,

such as using non-potable water and selecting
water efficient fixtures, to reduce the use of
municipal drinking water for non-drinking
purposes.
 Prioritize strategies related to energy use, such
as energy efficiency, use of clean energy, and
on-going operations, to maximize pay-back and
W H AT W I L L YO U diminish impact on the environment.
 Relate material selection to Life-Cycle
LEARN? Assessment with concepts such as extending
Learning Objectives, Cont’d. building stock, redirecting resources back to the
manufacturing process, and sourcing locally
harvested materials, in order to reduce the
environmental impact of using virgin materials.
 Explain the ways in which the building process
and operations can affect a projects’ Indoor
Environmental Quality, such as access to
daylight and views and implementing an Indoor
Air Quality Management Plan.
2
+ 1 ST TIME IN HISTORY
• More people live in urban conditions than in rural
• Humanity has reached Peak Oil` status
• 1/5 of the population will experience water scarcity in their lifetime
• Measured health impacts of environmental toxicity can be verified
by science
• Humanity faces a less stable climate and can act now to minimize the
impacts
People ~ Planet ~ Profit
TRIPLE BOT TOM LINE
3
 OUR HEALTH & WELL-BEING
 Quality of Life
 Access to Nature
 Community
 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & CLIMATE CHANGE

 Fossil Fuels:
 Petroleum
 Gas
 Coal
 Water Scarcity
WHY BUILD  Building Materials Management

 Soil Erosion
GREEN?
 FINANCIAL BENEFITS
 Improved marketability
 Increased occupancy & rental rates
 Reduced Operating Costs
 Energy Savings
 Water Savings
Climate Change
10%
5% Human Health
5% 35%
Water Resources
10% Biodiversity
Green Economy
15% Community
20%
Natural Resources
IMPACT CATEGORIES
4
+ USGBC + GBCI + LEED
Introduction
USGBC
5
USGBC
+ USGBC: D E V E L O P S & M A I N TA I N S L E E D R AT I N G
SYSTEM
GBCI: ADMINISTERS:
LEED ACCREDITED PROFESSIONALS &
L E E D B U I L D I N G C E R T I F I C AT I O N
6
TERMINOLOGY GBCI USGBC
Registration Buildings are LEED Registered
• Buildings are Registered for ---
LEED Certification
Certification Documentation is submitted onto
LEED on-line
---
• GBCI reviews submission
• GBCI awards LEED Certification
Professional Individuals take an exam
Credentials • GBCI awards Professional ---
Credentials
Membership • Only organizations can be
members of USGBC National
---
• Individuals can be members of
USGBC Chapters
TERMINOLOGY
 Member logos are for organizations that are members of National

USGBC.
 Program level logos can refer to any number of USGBC programs, from
the LEED rating systems to the Greenbuild conference.
 Project level logos are for LEED certification levels. These may never be
used in reference to a project until it has received its certification.
 “LEED Green Associate” and the LEED Green Associate logo are
trademarks owned by the U.S. Green Building Council and are awarded
to individuals under license by the Green Building Certification
Institute.
USGBC AND GBCI LOGOS
7
8
LEED
CREDENTIALS
& Process
9
+ LEED
10
11
12
 Rating System
 Adaptation
 Certification Levels
 MPRs
 Categories
 Scorecards
 Credit Intent & Requirements
 Credit Forms
 Roles
LEED  LEED AP
 Project Administrator
The Rating Systems
 Team Member
 Certification Reviewer
 Process
 LEED online submittal process
 Review: submittal expectations
13
+
LEED + MARKET
LEED RATING LEVELS
14
Minimum Program Requirements:
1. Must be in a permanent location on

W H AT P R O J E C T existing land
TYPES ARE 2. Must use reasonable LEED boundaries
ELIGIBLE FOR 3. Must comply with project size
LEED? requirements
A project must adhere to the
LEED Minimum Program
Requirements (MPRs).
MPR
L E E D B O U N DA R Y
15
 Campus Approach
 Site Area is the total campus (master site) for
eligible credits
MPR
 A LEED seeking project can use the campus approach
if it is
L E E D B O U N DA R Y  on a site with other buildings that use the same site
amenities
 as part of a package of buildings seeking LEED
 the site can be new or existing
CAMPUS
APPROACH
MPR
L E E D B O U N DA RY
CAMPUS
APPROACH
16
FULL-TIME
E Q U I VA L E N T
Also used for the following credit
calculations:
• Bicycle Storage & Shower
• Green Vehicles
• Parking Capacity
• Water Fixtures
Transients:
Students, Visitors, Shoppers,
Customers
LEED RATING SYSTEMS
17
RATING LEED for Building Design and LEED for Interior LEED for Operations and
SYSTEM: Construction (BD+C) Design and Maintenance (O+M)
Construction (ID+C)
Adaptation • New Construction and Major • Commercial • Existing Buildings
Renovation Interiors • Retail
• Core and Shell Development • Retail • Schools
• Schools • Hospitality • Hospitality
• Retail • Data Centers
• Data Centers • Warehouses and Distribution
• Warehouses and Distribution Centers
Centers
• Hospitality
• Healthcare
Project • Whole Building Design and • Interior spaces that • Existing buildings
Scope Construction are a complete • Little to no construction
• New buildings interior fit-out. • Implementing sustainable
• All except Homes practices for existing buildings:
• Major renovations • maintenance
• Major HVAC renovation • Water/energy use
• Significant envelope • Environmentally preferred
modifications products & practices for
• Major interior rehabilitation cleaning & alterations
• Sustainable purchasing
Core and Shell certification is for policies
buildings that don’t include a • Waste-stream management
complete interior fit-out • Ongoing IEQ
RATING LEED for Homes LEED for Neighborhood

SYSTEM Development (ND)
Adaptation • Homes and Multifamily Lowrise • Plan
• Multifamily Midrise • Project
Project • Single-family homes and multi- • New land development projects

Scope family residential buildings up to 8 or redevelopment projects
stories (over 8 stories use BD+C: containing residential,
New Construction) nonresidential, or a mix of uses.
• Must be “dwelling unit” – meaning • Principles of smart growth, new
its own cooking area & bathroom urbanism best practices, and
green building
Notes • Rating System Adaptation is • LEED ND: Plan certifies projects

determined as follows: based on planning efforts,
• based on number of stories and the sometimes prior to any
1-2 Stories: Homes and Multifamily construction
Lowrise • LEED ND: Project is for completed
• 3-5 Stories: Select Adaptation based development projects
on the ENERGY STAR program in
which they are participating.
• 6-8 Stories: Multifamily Midrise
LEED RATING SYSTEMS
18
R E F E R E N C E G U I D E S / R AT I N G S Y S T E M S
BD+C ID+C O+M Homes ND

New
Homes and
Construction Commercial Existing
R AT I N G S Y S T E M A D A P TAT I O N
and Major
Multifamily Plan
Interiors Buildings Lowrise
Renovations
Core and
Multifamily
Shell Retail Retail Project
Midrise
Development
Schools Hospitality Schools
Retail Hospitality
Data Centers Data Centers
Warehouses and Warehouses and

Distribution Distribution
Centers Centers
Hospitality
Healthcare
QUESTION:
What is the first Level of LEED Certification called?
1. Platinum
2. Gold
3. Silver
4. Copper
5. Certification
SAMPLE
QUESTION 1 ANSWER:
o Platinum
o Gold
o Silver
o Copper
 Certification
19
QUESTION:
An existing building on a campus will be renovated. The

building will only be repainted and some light fixtures
will be replaced. Which LEED rating system adaptation
would you use?
1. LEED BD+C: New Construction

2. LEED ID+C: Commercial Interiors
3. LEED O+M: Existing Buildings
4. LEED BD+C: Core and Shell
SAMPLE 5. LEED BD+C: Schools
QUESTION 2 ANSWER:
1. LEED BD+C: New Construction

2. LEED ID+C: Commercial Interiors
 LEED O+M: Existing Buildings
1. LEED BD+C: Core and Shell
2. LEED BD+C: Schools
+ LEED CATEGORIES
AND CREDITS
20
LEED RATING SYSTEMS
WITHIN THE LEED

R AT I N G S Y S T E M
What is a prerequisite vs.
a credit?
21
AL L L E E D C AT EG ORI ES
AC RO SS AL L R AT I NG SYST E M S
CO R E L E E D C AT EG OR I ES
22
LEED BD+C, LEED ID+C, LEED O+M,
& L E E D H O M ES
L E E D FO R N E I G H B OR HOO D D E V E LOP MEN T
23
QUESTION:
Which of the following statements are true of LEED?
(Select 3)
1. All prerequisites are required based on the Rating
System Adaptation.
2. Registration is awarded when a project completes all
LEED prerequisites.
3. LEED Categories differ depending on the Rating
System.
4. Credits within each category offer potential project
points, which determine the LEED Certification level.
SAMPLE ANSWER:
 All prerequisites are required based on the Rating
QUESTION 3 System Adaptation.
o Registration is awarded when a project completes all
LEED prerequisites.
 LEED Categories differ depending on the Rating
System.
 Credits within each category offer potential project
points, which determine the LEED Certification level.
+ THE LEED PROCESS

Registration, Integrated Design
and Construction
24
CxA
DESIGN REVIEW
REGISTRATION
LEED PROCESS
BUILDING LIFE CYCLE

DESIGN PHASES
INTEGRATIVE PROCESS
25
INTEGRATIVE PROCESS
PROJECT
R E G I S T R AT I O N &
C E R T I F I C AT I O N
PROCESS
26
27
+
H O M ES: C E RT I FIC AT I ON P RO C ESS
1. Register
• Preliminary rating
• Mid-construction visit
• Complete Key Forms
• Final construction visit
• Submit Payment
• Prepare:
• Establish Verification Team
• Durability plan
•LEED for Homes Provider
4. Certify •LEED for Homes Green 2. Verify • Construction
documents
Rater
• Contract (scope
•Energy Rater
of work for
• Determine project goals
• GBCI Review relevant trades)
• Credits: Achieved / Denied
• Education: Sharing your
story 3. Review
• Preliminary review
• Final review
• Re-review (appeal)
+
L E E D FO R HO M ES: I NSP EC T I ON
Homes Provider and Green Rater verifies:

 Modeled energy performance in EnerGuide
 Air and moisture barrier installation
 Insulation installation
 Air tightness / leakage
 Green Features
28
QUESTION:
What statements about the LEED process are true?
(Select 2)
1. No Credits are awarded during the Design Phase
Submittal
2. If adequate points are achieved, certification can be
awarded at the completion of the Design Phase
Submittal
3. If the execution of a design phase credit changes
during construction, it must be resubmitted during
the Construction Phase Submittal
4. Appeals can only be made after the full application
SAMPLE review.
QUESTION 4 ANSWER:
 No Credits are awarded during the Design Phase
Submittal
o If adequate points are achieved, certification can be
awarded at the completion of the Design Phase
Submittal
 If the execution of a design phase credit changes
during construction, it must be resubmitted during
the Construction Phase Submittal
o Appeals can only be made after the full application
review.
BD+C
LEED CREDITS
29
L EED CAT EGORIES
+ CREDITS IN DETAIL
Reviewing the intents and
requirements of each
30
LOCATION & TRANSPORTATION
LOCAT ION AN D T R A N S PORTATI O N

CREDIT NC CS S R DC WDC HO HC EP.
LEED for Neighborhood
8-16 8-20 8-15 8-16 8-16 8-16 8-16 5-9
Development Location
Sensitive Land Protection
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
High Priority Site

1-2 2-3 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Surrounding Density and

1-5 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5
Diverse Uses
Access to Quality Transit
1-5 1-6 1-4 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-2
Bicycle Facilities
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Reduced Parking Footprint 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Green Vehicles
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
31
LOCATION AND T RAN S PORTATION
LT Credit LEED® for Neighborhood Development Location
NC CS S R DC WDC HOS HC
LEED® for Neighborhood Development Location 8-16 8-20 8-15 8-16 8-16 8-16 8-16 5-9
Intent Requirements
To avoid development on inappropriate Locate the project in a neighborhood
sites. To reduce vehicles miles traveled certified under LEED-ND.
(vehicles kilometers traveled). To enhance  Certified Plan or Certified Project
livability and improve human health by under LEED-ND v4, Stage 2 or Stage 3
encouraging daily physical activity. under LEED-ND Pilot or LEED-ND
v2009.
Credit is mutually exclusive with other
credits in the Location and Transportation
category.
Certification BD+C: Core & BD+C: Schools BD+C BD+C (all
Shell Healthcare others)
Certified 8 8 5 8
Silver 12 10 6 10
Gold 16 12 7 12
Platinum 20 15 9 16

LT Credit LEED® for Neighborhood Development Location
Strategies & Terms Responsible Party

 Give preference to potential site locations within in a  Owner
LEED ND certified location.
 Certain types of LEED ND certifications are eligible,
some are not.
 Some projects located in a LEED ND location might
actually earn more points in the other LT credits.
32
Which of the following potential site locations
would qualify the project for Location and
Transportation credit LEED® for
Neighborhood Development Location?
1. A land parcel immediately adjacent to a LEED ND
v4 Certified Project
2. A land parcel within a LEED ND v4 Certified Plan
3. A land parcel within a LEED ND v4 registered
project
LT Credit LEED for 4. None of the above
Neighborhood
ANSWER:
Development Location: 1. A land parcel immediately adjacent to a LEED ND
SAMPLE QUESTION v4 Certified Project
 A land parcel within a LEED ND v4 Certified Plan
3. A land parcel within a LEED ND v4 registered
project
4. None of the above

LT Credit Sensitive Land Protection
Sensitive Land Protection 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Intent Requirements
 To avoid the development of Option 1. Locate the project on
environmentally sensitive lands previously developed land.
and reduce the environmental
impact from the location of a Option 2. Site that doesn’t meet any
building on a site. of the sensitive land criteria:
- Prime Farmland
- Floodplains
 US Department of Agriculture, US CFR - Habitat for threatened or
Title 7 (Prime Farmland Designation) endangered species
 FEMA Flood Zone Designations - Within 100 feet of water bodies,
 US Fish and Wildlife Service, except for minor improvements
Threatened and Endangered Species - Within 50 feet of wetlands, except
 NatureServe Heritage Program (species for minor improvements
habitat)
33
LT Credit Sensitive Land Protection

 During the site selection process, give preference to  Owner
that do not include sensitive elements or restrictive  Landscape Architect
land types.  Ecologist
 Select a suitable building location and design the  Environmental
building with a minimal footprint to minimize disruption Engineer
of the environmentally sensitive areas identified above.  Other Local
 If possible, choose a previously developed site, Professionals
therefore there is less environmental impact, since the
site has already been disturbed.
 When selecting a site evaluate how much land
disturbance will be involved for construction and the
overall developed portion of the site.
 Incorporate the natural features of the site into the site
development.
 During design take into account what wildlife has been
living on the site prior to development.
Definition
previously developed
altered by paving, construction, and/or land use that
would typically have required regulatory permitting to
have been initiated (alterations may exist now or in the
past). Land that is not previously developed and
landscapes altered by current or historical clearing or
filling, agricultural or forestry use, or preserved natural
area use are considered undeveloped land. The date of
previous development permit issuance constitutes the
date of previous development, but permit issuance in
itself does not constitute previous development
34
Definition
previously developed site
a site that, prior to the project,
consisted of at least 75% previously
developed land
QUESTION:
To achieve LT Credit Sensitive Land Protection,

which site CAN a project develop on:
1. Previously developed site that is 10 feet above
the elevations of the 100-year flood as defined
by FEMA
2. Prime farmland as defined by USDA
3. Land that has threatened or endangered species
4. Previously undeveloped land this is within 50
feet of a body of water
LT Credit Sensitive
ANSWER:
Land Protection:
SAMPLE QUESTION  Previously developed site that is 10 feet below
the elevations of the 100-year flood as defined
by FEMA
o Prime farmland as defined by USDA
o Undeveloped land that has threatened or
endangered species
o Previously undeveloped land this is within 50
feet of a body of water
35
LT Credit High-Priority Site
High-Priority Site 1-2 2-3 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To encourage project location in areas Option 1. Locate the project on an infill location
with development constraints and in a historic district.
promote the health of the surrounding
Option 2. Locate the project on one of the
area. following:
 A site listed by the EPA National Priorities List
 A Federal Empowerment Zone site
 A Federal Enterprise Community site
 A Federal Renewal Community site
 A Department of the Treasury Community
 US EPA National Priority List Development Financial Institutions Fund
 US HUD Federal Empowerment Zone, Qualified Low-Income Community
Federal Enterprise Community, and Federal  A site in the US Dept. of Housing and Urban
Renewal Community Development’s Qualified Census Tract (QCT)
 US Dept. of Treasury, Community or Difficult Development Area (DDA)
Development Financial Institutions Fund  For projects outside the US, use local
 US HUD Qualified Census Tracts and Difficult equivalent
Development Areas

High-Priority Site 1-2 2-3 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To encourage project location in areas Option 3
 Locate the project on a brownfield site with
with development constraints and
soil or groundwater contamination where
promote the health of the surrounding
jurisdiction requires remediation.
area.  Perform remediation as required to the
satisfaction of the jurisdiction
 US EPA National Priority List

 US HUD Federal Empowerment Zone,
Federal Enterprise Community, and Federal
Renewal Community
 US Dept. of Treasury, Community
Development Financial Institutions Fund
 US HUD Qualified Census Tracts and Difficult
Development Areas
36

 During the site selection process, give preference to  Owner
brownfield sites  Civil
 Identify tax incentives and property cost savings,  General Contractor
through the EPA’s website.
 Coordinate site development plans with remediation
activity, as appropriate.
 Restoring brownfields is a regenerative action which
actually leads to improving the environment.
 Development of high priority sites relieves pressure on
other sites.
 Projects meeting Option 1 and either Option 2 or 3
qualify for exemplary performance
Definition
brownfield
real property or the expansion,
redevelopment, or reuse of which
may be complicated by the presence
or possible presence of a hazardous
substance, pollutant, or contaminant.
37
QUESTION:
Which of the following sites qualify as a High Priority Site

for LEED? (Select 3):
1. Site where reduced costs allow for additional
investment into energy efficiency
2. Difficult development area as defined by US Housing
and Urban Development
3. Federal Environmental Community
4. Federal Empowerment Zone
LT Credit High-Priority 5. Infill location in a historic district
Site: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
1. Site where reduced costs allow for additional
investment into energy efficiency
 Difficult development area as defined by US
Housing and Urban Development
3. Federal Environmental Community
 Federal Empowerment Zone
 Infill location in a historic district

LT Credit Surrounding Density and Diverse Uses
Surrounding Density and Diverse Uses 1-5 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1
Intent Requirements
 To conserve land and protect farmland Option 1. Surrounding density (2-3 points)
and wildlife habitat by encouraging  Locate on a site where the surrounding
development in areas with existing density within a ¼ mile radius meets
infrastructure. To promote walkability, “separate residential and nonresidential
and transportation efficiency and reduce densities” or the “combined density”
vehicle distance traveled. To improve
public health by encouraging daily value.
physical activity.  Points are awarded based on density
levels.
Points for average density within ¼ mile of project
Combined Separate Residential and LEED Points
Density Nonresidential Densities
Square feet per Residential Nonresidential Core & Shell All Other BD+C
acre (DU/acre) (FAR)
22,000 7 0.5 2 2
35,000 12 0.8 4 3
38
Surrounding Density and Diverse Uses 1-5 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5
Intent Requirements
 To conserve land and protect farmland Option 2. Diverse uses (1-2 points)
and wildlife habitat by encouraging  Locate the building within ½ mile walking
development in areas with existing distance to 4-7 (1 point) or 8+ (2 points)
infrastructure. To promote walkability, existing and publically available diverse
and transportation efficiency and reduce uses.
public health by encouraging daily
physical activity.


 During the site selection process, give preference  Owner
to urban sites with pedestrian access to a variety  Developer
of diverse uses.
 Consider sharing the building’s resources with the
local community.
 Choose a site where pedestrian access to
surrounding businesses is available.
 If there is a diverse use available in the building
itself, only a maximum of 1 can be counted to
fulfill the diverse uses requirements.
 A maximum of 2 uses in each use type may be
counted (e.g. 5 restaurants is counted as 2 uses)
39
Definition
diverse use
a distinct, officially recognized business,
nonprofit, civic, religious, or governmental
organization, or dwelling units (residential
use) or offices (commercial office use). It
has a stationary postal address and is
publicly available. It does not include
automated facilities such as ATMs, vending
machines, and touchscreens.
Proximity is determined by drawing a walking path

on a neighborhood map, and showing that the
diverse use is within 1/2-mile walking distance.
Food retail
 Supermarket, Grocery w/ produce section
Community-serving retail
 Convenience store, Farmer’s market, Hardware
store, Pharmacy, Other retail
Services
 Bank, Family entertainment venue, Gym, health
club, exercise studio, Hair care, Laundry, dry
cleaner, Restaurant, café, diner (drive-thru only
excluded)
Civic and community facilities
 Adult or senior care (licensed), Child care
(licensed), Community or recreation center,
Cultural arts facility, Education facility, Government
office serving public on-site, Medical clinic or office
seeing patients, Place of worship, Police or Fire
station, Post office, Public library, Public park,
Social services center
Community anchor uses
 Commercial office (100+ FTE)
40
Definition
walking distance
the distance that a pedestrian must travel
between origins and destinations without
obstruction, in a safe and comfortable
environment on a continuous network of
sidewalks, all weather-surface footpaths,
crosswalks, or equivalent pedestrian facilities.
The walking distance must be drawn from an
entrance that is accessible to all building users.
QUESTION:
Which of the following are considered diverse

uses for development density and community
connectivity: (Select 3)
1. Fire station
2. Gas station
3. Hardware
4. Drive-through coffee stand
5. Museum
LT Credit: Surrounding
ANSWER:
Density and Diverse Uses
SAMPLE QUESTION  Fire station
o Gas station
 Hardware
o Drive-through coffee stand
 Museum
41
LT Credit Access to Quality Transit
Access to Quality Transit 1-5 1-6 1-4 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To encourage development in locations  Locate the project within ¼ mile walking
shown to have multimodal distance of bus, streetcar, or rideshare stops,
or within ½ mile walking distance of bus
transportation choices or otherwise
rapid transit stops, light or heavy rail
reduced motor vehicle use, thereby stations, commuter rail stations or ferry
reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air terminals.
pollution, and other environmental  Stations may be existing, or planned if they
and public health harms associated are sited, funded, and under construction by
with motor vehicle use. the date of the certificate of occupancy and
are complete within 24 months of that date.
Minimum daily transit service for projects with Minimum daily transit service for projects with multiple transit
commuter rail or ferry service only types
Weekday Trips Weekend Trips Points Weekday Trips Weekend Trips Core & Shell All others
24 6 1 72 40 1 1
40 8 3 144 108 3 3
60 12 6 360 216 6 5

LT Credit Access to Quality Transit

 Qualified transit routes must meet the following:  Owner
 Paired route service (service in opposite directions)
 Only trips in one direction are counted
 Only count a single stop for each route
 Projects served by two or more transit routes such that
no one route provides more than 60% of the prescribed
levels may earn one additional point, up to the
maximum number of points.
 If existing transit service is temporarily rerouted outside
the required distances for less than two years, the
project may meet the requirements, provided the local
transit agency has committed to restoring the routes
with service at or above the prior level.
42
E X AM P LE: P U B L I C T R ANSP O RTAT ION AC C ESS
sidewalk
E X AM P LE: P U B L I C T R ANSP O RTAT ION AC C ESS
43
QUESTION:
A project is planned for an urban site. Which of the
following situations might qualify for Access to Quality
Transit? (select 1):
1. A pedestrian would have to cross a busy interstate to
reach 2 bus lines that stop 1/4 of a mile away.
2. A pedestrian can walk to 2 bus stops for the same bus
line, both within ¼ walking distance.
3. A pedestrian-accessible commuter train stop will be
built 1/2 mile away, within 1 year of the project’s
completion.
LT Credit Access to 4. A bicycle path runs directly in front of the building.
Quality Transit: ANSWER:

SAMPLE QUESTION o A pedestrian has to cross a busy interstate to reach 2
bus lines that stop 1/4 of a mile away.
o A pedestrian can walk to 2 bus stops for the same
bus line, both within ¼ walking distance.
 A pedestrian-accessible commuter train stop will
be built 1/2 mile away within 1 year of the
project’s completion.
o A bicycle path runs directly in front of the building.

LT Credit Bicycle Facilities
Bicycle Facilities 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Intent Requirements
 To promote bicycling and Bicycle Network
 Building entrance or bicycle storage is
transportation efficiency and reduce
located within 200 yards from a bicycle
network that connects to one or more of the
public health by encouraging utilitarian following within 3-miles by bike:
and recreational physical activity.  At least 10 diverse uses
 A school or employment center (if project
is 50% or more residential by floor area)
 A bus rapid transit stop, light or heavy rail
station, commuter rail station, or ferry
terminal
44
Bicycle Facilities 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Intent Requirements
 To promote bicycling and Bicycle Storage and Shower Rooms
Case 1. commercial or institutional projects
transportation efficiency and reduce  Short term parking for at least 2.5% of all peak
vehicle distance traveled. To improve visitors (minimum 4 per building).
 Long term bicycle storage for at least 5% of all
public health by encouraging utilitarian regular building occupants (minimum 4 per
and recreational physical activity. building)
 One shower for up to 100 occupants, and one
additional shower per 150 additional
occupants.
Case 2. residential projects

 Short term parking for at least 2.5% of all peak
visitors (minimum 4 per building).
 Long term bicycle storage for at least 30% of all
regular building occupants (minimum one space
per residential unit)
Case 3. mixed-use projects

 Meet Case 1 and Case 2 storage requirements
for residential and non-residential spaces
respectively.


 Planned bicycle trails or lanes may be counted only  Architect
if they are fully funded by the date of the  Plumbing Engineer
certificate of occupancy and are scheduled for  Civil Engineer
completion within one year of that date. and/or
 Short-term bicycle storage must be within 100 feet  Landscape Architect
walking distance of any main entrance.
 Long-term bicycle storage must be within 100 feet
walking distance of any functional entry.
 Bicycle parking cannot be double counted (storage
allocated to occupants of other buildings cannot be
counted).
 LEED CS projects should use default occupancy
counts.
45
< 200 yds
10’ SHARED USE ROUTE

(BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN)
E X AMPLE: B I K ES
QUESTION:
Which of the following is true for Bicycle Storage for

LEED?:
1. All bike-commuters must have head-lights
2. Schools have to provide a bike-share program
3. Bike lanes must be provided starting 1 mile away
4. The number of bike racks required is partially
based on peak users
LT Credit: Bicycle
ANSWER:
Facilities
SAMPLE QUESTION o All bike-commuters must have head-lights
o Schools have to provide a bike-share program
o Bike lanes must be provided starting 1 mile away
 The number of bike racks required is partially
based on peak visitors
46
LT Credit Reduced Parking Footprint
Intent Requirements
 To minimize the environmental harms  Do not exceed minimum code
associated with parking facilities, requirements for parking capacity.
including automobile dependence,
land consumption, and rainwater  Provide parking capacity that is below
runoff. the base ratios recommended by the
Parking Consultants Council.
 Case 1. Baseline location

 Projects that have not earned points
under LT Credit Surrounding Density
and Diverse Uses or LT Credit Access
to Quality Transit much achieve a
20% reduction from the base ratios.

Intent Requirements
 To minimize the environmental harms  Case 2. Dense and/or transit-served
associated with parking facilities, location
including automobile dependence,  Projects earning 1 or more points
land consumption, and rainwater under either LT Credit Surrounding
runoff. Density and Diverse Uses or LT
Credit Access to Quality Transit
much achieve a 40% reduction.
 All projects
 Provide preferred parking for
carpools for 5% of total parking
spaces (not required if no off-street
parking provided).
47

 Minimize parking lot/garage size.  Civil Engineer
 Consider sharing parking facilities with adjacent  Owner
buildings.
 Credit calculations must include all existing and new off-
street parking that is leased or owned by the project,
including parking outside the project boundary used by
the project. On-street parking is excluded.
 Projects with shared (or pooled) parking, should
calculate compliance using only the project’s share of
the pooled parking.
 Mixed-use projects should calculate compliance by first
aggregating the parking amount of each use (as
specified by the base ratios) and then calculating the
percentage reduction from the aggregated amount.
 Parking spaces for fleet or inventory vehicles are not
counted unless these vehicles are regularly used by
employees for commuting.
74 + 5674SPACES = 130
+ 56 spaces = 130TOTAL
total
PARKING SPACES
parking spacesREQUIRED
required
74 PARKING SPACES
AVAILABLE
56 PARKING SPACES AVAILABLE
DRAWING KEY
LT Credit: Reduced Parking Footprint
CARPOOL/VANPOOL
PREFERRED PARKING/ PARKING CAPACITY – OVERALL SITE SPACES
EXAMP LE: REDUCED PARK IN G FOOT P RIN T
48
QUESTION:
Minimizing a project’s parking lot would (select 2):
1. Mitigate brownfield contamination.
2. Increase building energy consumption.
3. Encourage carpooling.
4. Help reduce the quantity of stormwater run-off.
LT Credit: Reduced
ANSWER:
Parking Footprint
SAMPLE QUESTION
o Mitigate brownfield contamination.
o Increase building energy consumption.
 Encourage carpooling.
 Help reduce the quantity of stormwater run-off.

LT Credit Green Vehicles
Green Vehicles 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Intent Requirements
 To reduce pollution by promoting All Projects
 Designate 5% of all parking spaces as preferred
alternatives to conventionally fueled parking for green vehicles, distributed evenly
automobiles across parking sections (e.g. between short-
term and long-term parking).
 Green vehicles score at least 45 on the
American Council for an Energy Efficient
Economy (ACEEE) annual rating guide, or local
equivalent.
 Discounted parking fees of at least 20% is an
acceptable substitute for dedicated spaces.
Option 1. Electric vehicle charging

 Install a charging station for at least 2% of all
parking spaces, and reserve these spaces for
exclusive use by plug-in vehicles
Option 2. Liquid, gas, or battery facilities

 Install liquid or gas alternative fuel fueling
facilities or a battery switching station sufficient
to serve vehicles equal to 2% of total parking
spaces.
49
LT Credit Green Vehicles

 If the project is providing discounted parking for green  Owner
vehicles, signage must be posted at entrance to parking  Civil Engineer
area and permanently available to every qualifying
vehicle.
 Provide transportation amenities such as alternate-fuel
refueling stations.
 Consider sharing the costs and benefits of refueling
stations with neighbors.
 Consider issuing discounted parking passes for green
vehicles.
 Consider purchasing green fleet vehicles.
 Provide preferred parking for green vehicles.
Definition
preferred parking
the parking spots closest to the main
entrance of a building (exclusive of
spaces designated for handicapped
persons). For employee parking, it
refers to the spots that are closest to
the entrance used by employees.
50
74 + 56 SPACES = 130 TOTAL
PARKING SPACES REQUIRED
74 PARKING SPACES
AVAILABLE
56 PARKING SPACES AVAILABLE
DRAWING KEY
LT Credit Green Vehicles GREEN VEHICLE SPACES
PREFERRED PARKING/ PARKING CAPACITY – OVERALL SITE
EXAM P L E: GREEN VEHICL ES
QUESTION:
What would help encourage the use of green
vehicles? (select 2):
1. Provide discounted parking for green vehicles.
2. Designate parking spaces near the building
entrance for green vehicles.
3. Install parking meters.
4. Encourage a car-share program.
LT Credit: Green
ANSWER:
Vehicles
SAMPLE QUESTION
 Provide discounted parking for green vehicles.
 Designate parking spaces near the building
entrance for green vehicles.
o Install parking meters.
o Encourage a car-share program.
51
SUSTAINABLE SITES
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
PREREQUISITE
NC CS S R DC WDC HO HC EP.
Construction Activity
X X X X X X X X
Pollution Prevention
Environmental Site Assessment
X X
52
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
Site Assessment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Site Development - Protect or
1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1
Restore Habitat
Open Space
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Rainwater Management 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 1-2
Heat Island Reduction
1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Light Pollution Reduction 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Site Master Plan 1
Tenant Design and
1
Construction Guidelines
Places of Respite 1
Direct Exterior Access 1
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
SS Prerequisite Construction Activity Pollution Prevention
NC CS S Retail DC WDC HOS HC
Prerequisite Construction Activity Pollution Prevention X X X X X X X X
Intent Requirements
 To reduce pollution from construction  Create and implement an erosion and
activities by controlling soil erosion, sedimentation control plan for all
waterway sedimentation, and airborne construction activities.
dust.
 Plan must follow 2012 US EPA
Construction General Permit or local
equivalent, whichever is more
stringent.
 2012 US EPA Construction General
Permit
53
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
 ESC Plans are intended to achieve:  Civil Engineer
 Topsoil protection and loss prevention.  General Contractor
 Reduced sedimentation of storm sewers or receiving
streams.
 Eliminate sources of air pollution
 Projects of all sizes must implement the erosion and
sedimentation control plan – not just projects over 1 acre
in size as indicated by the CGP.
 Control plan must describe the measures to be
implemented.
 Consider employing strategies such as temporary and
permanent seeding, mulching, earthen dikes, silt fencing,
sediment traps and sediment basins.
 Stabilization controls for stabilization include:
 Mulching, temporary seeding, permanent seeding
 Structural controls include:
 Silt fence, sediment basin, earth dike, sediment trap
What NOT to do!
54
QUESTION:
Structural controls for erosion and sedimentation

control: (Select 2)
1. Pervious pavement
2. Sediment traps
3. Retaining wall
4. Silt fencing
5. Mulching
SS Prerequisite Construction ANSWER:

Activity Pollution Prevention
SAMPLE QUESTION o Pervious pavement
 Sediment traps
o Retaining wall
 Silt fencing
o Mulching
55
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
SS Credit Site Assessment
Site Assessment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Intent Requirements
 To assess site conditions before design  Survey the site and document the
to evaluate sustainable options and following:
inform related decisions about site  Topography
design  Hydrology
 Climate
 Vegetation
 Soils
 Natural Resources Conservation Service,  Human use
web soil survey
 Human health effects
 TR-55 initial water storage capacity
 Survey should demonstrate the

relationship between site features and
the topics listed above, and describe
how these features influenced the
design.
SUSTAINABLE SITES:

 Engage a team to study the site before conceptual  Landscape Architect
design to identify opportunities and challenges.  Land Use Planner
 Early engagement is critical, as factors such as building  Architect
orientation are often set very early in design, and using
the results of the site assessment during this process
can result in better outcomes.
56
QUESTION:
Performing a Site Assessment before conceptual

design can help achieve all of the following EXCEPT:
1. Reduced life-cycle impacts from the building
2. Increased biodiversity on the site
3. Increased participation in vehicle sharing services
4. Reduced cost for renewable energy systems
5. Reduced risk
ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION 1. Reduced life-cycle impacts from the building
2. Increased biodiversity on the site
 Increased participation in vehicle sharing
services
4. Reduced cost for renewable energy systems
5. Reduced risk
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
SS Credit Site Development – Protect or Restore Habitat
Site Assessment 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1
Intent Requirements
 To conserve existing natural areas and All Projects
restore damaged areas to provide  Preserve and protect min 40% of
habitat and promote biodiversity. existing greenfields from development
and construction activity.
Option 1. On-site Restoration (2 points)

 Restore 30% of previously developed
site using native or adapted vegetation
and, restore disturbed or compacted
soils that will be vegetated.
Option 2. Financial Support (1 point)

 Donate $0.40 per sq.ft. of the total site
to a nationally or locally recognized
land trust or conservation
organization.
57
DEFINITION
greenfield
area that has not been graded,
compacted, cleared, or disturbed and
that supports (or could support) open
space, habitat, or natural hydrology.
DEFINITION
development footprint
the total land area of a project site
covered by buildings, streets, parking
areas, and other typically
impermeable surfaces constructed as
part of the project
58
SUSTAINABLE SITES:

 Use local and regional governmental agencies,  Landscape Architect
consultants, educational facilities and native plant  Civil Engineer
societies as resources for the selection of appropriate  Ecologist
native or adapted plants.  Owner
 Vegetated roof surfaces can count as on-site restoration
if the project achieves a density of 1.5 floor-area ratio
or higher and the roof plantings are native or adapted,
provide habitat, and promote biodiversity.
 Rain gardens and other vegetated landscape areas
constructed to accommodate rainwater infiltration may
be optionally excluded.
 Projects providing Financial Support must select a land
trust or conservation organization within the same EPA
Level III ecoregion or the project’s state.
 US projects must select an organization accredited by
the Land Trust Alliance.
 Non-US projects must select an organization within
100 miles of the project.
DEFINITION
native vegetation
an indigenous species that occurs in a particular
region, ecosystem, and habitat without direct or
indirect human actions. Native species have
evolved to the geography, hydrology, and climate
of that region. They also occur in communities;
that is, they have evolved together with other
species. As a result, these communities provide
habitat for a variety of other native wildlife
species. Species native to North America are
generally recognized as those occurring on the
continent prior to European settlement. Also
known as native plants.
59
DEFINITION
land trust
a private, nonprofit organization that,
as all or part of its mission, actively
works to conserve land by
undertaking or assisting in
conservation easement or land
acquisition, or by its stewardship of
such land or easements (Adapted
from Land Trust Alliance)

OPTION 1 – ON SITE RESTORATION
NEW GRAVELPAVE ROAD
NEW CONCRETE ROAD
NEW FLATWORK
VEGETATED OPEN SPACE

SITE AREA = 994,116 S.F.
FLAGSTONE SITE AREA – PREVIOUSLY DEVELOPED = 837,549 S.F.
PAVERS PREVIOUSLY DEVELOPED AREA RESTORED = 326,544 S.F.
PROPERTY LINE PERCENTAGE (MIN 30%) = 38.99 %
EXISTING TREE SITE AREA – PREVIOUSLY UNDEVELOPED = 156,567 S.F.
EXISTING CONTOUR
NEW CONTOUR PREVIOUSLY UNDEVELOPED AREA PROTECTED = 127,556 S.F.
FENCE
PERCENTAGE (MIN 40%) = 81.47 %
EXAMP L E: P ROT ECT OR RESTORE HAB ITAT
60
QUESTION:
Which of the following would help provide habitat to
native wildlife? (select 3):
1. Limit rainwater run-off.
2. Install a green roof using native plants.
3. Limit the area of construction disturbance
around the building’s footprint.
4. Replace invasive species with native plants.
SS Credit Site Development – 5. Allow occupants to bring pets to work.
Protect or Restore Habitat
ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
o Limit rainwater run-off.
 Install a green roof using native plants.
 Limit the area of construction disturbance
around the building’s footprint.
 Replace invasive species with native plants.
o Allow occupants to bring pets to work.
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
SS Credit Open Space
Open Space 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Intent Requirements
 To create exterior open space that  Provide open and accessible space
encourages interaction with the outdoors equal to at least 30% of the
environment, social interaction, total site area, with at least 25% of this
passive recreation, and physical area vegetated or under a vegetated
activities canopy.
 Open space must be one of the

following:
 Pedestrian-oriented
 Recreation-oriented
 Visual interest
 Food production
 Habitat
61
SUSTAINABLE SITES:

 Select a suitable building location and design the  Landscape Architect
building footprint to minimize site disruption.  Civil Engineer
 Strategies to maximize open space on the site:
 stacking the building program  Architect
 tuck-under parking
 share amenities, such as parking, with neighbors
 Turf grass does not qualify as vegetated in credit
calculations, although it can qualify as open space.
 Vegetated roof surfaces can contribute as vegetated
space if the project achieves a minimum density of 1.5
floor-area ratio (FAR) and the roof plantings are
physically accessible.
 Accessible roof areas can contribute if the project
achieves a minimum density of 1.5 FAR.
 Wetlands or naturally designed ponds can count if the
side slopes are vegetated and not too steep (average
1:4 or less).
 For campus projects (multitenant complex), open space
can be anywhere on the site master plan, provided it is
protected from development.
NEW GRAVELPAVE ROAD
NEW CONCRETE ROAD
NEW FLATWORK
VEGETATED OPEN SPACE
FLAGSTONE PROJECT SITE AREA = 994,116 S.F.

PAVERS REQUIRED OPEN SPACE = 293,235 S.F.
PROPERTY LINE REQUIRED VEGETATED = 74,559 S.F.
EXISTING TREE
EXISTING CONTOUR
VEGETATED OPEN SPACE = 570,687 S.F
NEW CONTOUR
FENCE
COMPLIES? = YES
EXAMP L E: M AXIM IZE OP EN S PACE
62
QUESTION:
Which of the following would not help increase the

open space on a site? (select 1):
1. Minimize the building’s footprint.
2. Install a green roof in an urban area.
3. Reduce the parking lot size of an urban site to
allow space for a hardscaped courtyard.
4. Plant only native plants.
ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
o Minimize the building’s footprint.
o Install a green roof in an urban area.
o Reduce the parking lot size of an urban site to
allow space for a hardscaped courtyard.
 Plant only native plants.
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
SS Credit Rainwater Management
Intent Requirements
 To reduce runoff volume and improve Option 1. Percentile of rainfall events
water quality by replicating the natural  Path 1. 95th percentile (2 points)
hydrology and water balance of the  Manage stormwater runoff on site for
site, based on historical conditions and the 95th percentile of regional or local
undeveloped ecosystems in the region. rainfall events using low-impact
development and green infrastructure
 Path 2. 98th percentile (3 points)
 Same as above, meeting the 98th
percentile of regional or local rainfall
events.
 Path 3. Zero lot line projects (3 points)
 Achieve minimum 1.5 floor-area radio
 Manage stormwater runoff on site for
the 85th percentile of local or regional
rainfall events.
63
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
Intent Requirements
 To reduce runoff volume and improve Option 2. Natural land cover conditions (3
water quality by replicating the natural points)
hydrology and water balance of the  Annual postdevelopment runoff must
site, based on historical conditions and not exceed predevelopment values.
undeveloped ecosystems in the region.
SUSTAINABLE SITES:

 Design the project site to maintain natural stormwater  Civil Engineer
flows by promoting infiltration.  Landscape Architect
 Specify vegetated roofs, pervious paving and other
measures to minimize impervious surfaces.
 Reuse stormwater for non-potable uses such as
landscape irrigation, toilet and urinal flushing, and
custodial uses.
 Manage stormwater through controls such as dry
ponds, bioswales and rain gardens. Existing site
conditions, such as topography and the draining
capacity of the soil, may impact the effectiveness of
such controls.
 Projects that are part of a multitenant complex may
meet credit requirements using a coordinated approach
within the master plan boundary by using distributed
techniques based on a watershed approach.
64
definition
low-impact development (LID)
an approach to managing rainwater runoff that
emphasizes on-site natural features to protect
water quality, by replicating the natural land cover
hydrologic regime of watersheds, and addressing
runoff close to its source. Examples include better
site design principles (e.g., minimizing land
disturbance, preserving vegetation, minimizing
impervious cover), and design practices (e.g., rain
gardens, vegetated swales and buffers, permeable
pavement, rainwater harvesting, soil
amendments). These are engineered practices that
may require specialized design assistance.
E X A M P L E : R A I N WAT E R M A N AG E M E N T
65
definition
green infrastructure
a soil- and vegetation-based approach to
wet weather management that is cost-
effective, sustainable, and environmentally
friendly. Green infrastructure management
approaches and technologies infiltrate,
evapotranspire, capture and reuse
stormwater to maintain or restore natural
hydrologies. (Adapted from U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency)
E X A M P L E : R A I N WAT E R M A N AG E M E N T
66
QUESTION:
A project is an in-fill location in the downtown of a
large city on a previously developed site. The design
team should consider which of the following? (select 2):
1. Limit areas of disturbance in accordance with
Protect Habitat
2. Provide native/adaptive vegetation in accordance
with Restore Habitat
3. Use a combination of strategies (green roof, open-
grid paving, and vegetated strips) to improve
stormwater quality
4. Work with existing flow patterns of the site to
SS Credit Rainwater control the rate of stormwater run-off
Management
ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION o Limit areas of disturbance in accordance with
Protect Habitat
 Provide native/adaptive vegetation in accordance
with Restore Habitat
 Use a combination of strategies (green roof, open-
grid paving, and vegetated strips) to improve
rainwater management
o Work with existing flow patterns of the site to
control the rate of stormwater run-off
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
SS Credit Heat Island Reduction
Heat Island Reduction 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1
Intent Requirements
 To minimize effects on microclimates Option 1. nonroof and roof (2 points)
and human and wildlife habitats by  Install roof and nonroof measures for
reducing heat islands. 50% of nonroof area and 75% roof
area, by weighted average
Option 2. parking under cover (1 point)

 Place at least 75% of parking spaces
under cover.
 Any roof used must meet one of the
following:
 3-year aged SRI of at least 32 (or if
information is unavailable, an initial
SRI of at least 39).
 Vegetated roof
 Be covered by energy generation
systems.
67
Q UA L I F Y I N G RO O F A N D N O N RO O F A R EA S
Qualifying Nonroof Areas:

 Provide shade vegetation over paving areas,
including playgrounds.
 Shade from structures covered by energy
generation systems.
 Provide shade from manmade elements that
have a 3-year aged solar reflectance value of
at least 0.28.
 Use open grid paving (at least 50% unbound)
Qualifying Roof Areas:

Roof Type Slope SRI SRI
Initial 3-years
Low-sloped roof ≤ 2:12 ≥ 82 ≥ 64
Steep-sloped roof > 2:12 ≥ 39 ≥ 32
Vegetated N/A N/A N/A
SUSTAINABLE SITES:

 Consider installing high-albedo and vegetated roofs  Architect
to reduce heat absorption.  Landscape Architect
 For projects pursuing Option 1, if 3-year aged solar  Civil Engineer
reflectance values are not available for nonroof  Structural engineer
paving areas, use materials with an initial SR of at (if using vegetated roof)
least 0.33.
 For projects pursuing Option 1, if 3-year aged solar
reflectance values are not available for roofing
material, use materials that meet the initial SRI
value.
68
definition
heat island effect
the thermal absorption by hardscape,
such as dark, nonreflective pavement
and buildings, and its subsequent
radiation to surrounding areas. Other
contributing factors may include vehicle
exhaust, air-conditioners, and street
equipment. Tall buildings and narrow
streets reduce airflow and exacerbate
the effect.
Steep-Sloped Roofs
Flat Roof
Green Roof
E X A M P L E : H EAT I S L A N D R E D U C T I O N
69
CONCRETE PAVEMENT = 93,564 S.F.
CONCRETE FLATWORK = 46,490 S.F
GRAVELPAVE2 = 70,742 S.F.
PAVERS = 4,765 S.F.
(does not meet SRI Minimum)
FLAGSTONE/HARDSCAPE = 12,732 S.F.
(does not meet SRI Minimum)
TOTAL NON-ROOF = 228,293 S.F.
TOTAL QUALIFYING AREA = 92.3 %
E X A M P L E : H EAT I S L A N D R E D U C T I O N
QUESTION:
The design teams wants to use a concrete parking lot
with an integral color added to it. In order for this area
to qualify for SS Credit Heat Island Reduction, which is
true?
1. The emissivity of the material must be >.5
2. The reflectance of the material must be >29
3. The initial SRI of the material must be 32 or greater
4. The 3-year aged SRI of the material must be <29
5. Concrete with integral color cannot be used

ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
1. The emissivity of the material must be >.5

2. The reflectance of the material must be >29
3. The initial SRI of the material must be 32 or greater
4. The 3-year aged SRI of the material must be <29
5. Concrete with integral color cannot be used
70
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
SS Credit Light Pollution Reduction
Intent Requirements
 To increase night sky access, improve  Classify the project’s lighting zone.
nighttime visibility, and reduce the
consequences of development for  Meet uplight and light trespass
wildlife and people. requirements using Option 1 or Option
2.
 Internally illuminated signage must not

exceed 200 cd/m3 (nits) at night and
2000 cd/m during the day.
 IES/DSA Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO)
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
Intent Requirements
 To increase night sky access, improve Uplight
nighttime visibility, and reduce the Option 1. BUG Rating Method
consequences of development for  Use only fixtures rated for low uplight
wildlife and people. contribution. Maximum rating is based on
lighting zone.
Maximum uplight rating for luminaries (IES TM-15-11)

MLO Lighting Zone Luminaire Uplight Rating
LZ0 U0
 IES/DSA Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO) LZ1 U1
LZ2 U2
LZ3 U3
LZ4 U4
71
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
Intent Requirements
 To increase night sky access, improve Uplight
nighttime visibility, and reduce the Option 2. Calculation Method
consequences of development for  Meet threshold for total percentage of light
wildlife and people. emitted above horizontal.
Maximum uplight percentage
MLO Lighting Zone Maximum Uplight
LZ0 0%
LZ1 0%
 IES/DSA Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO) LZ2 1.5%
LZ3 3%
LZ4 6%
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
Intent Requirements
 To increase night sky access, improve Light Trespass
nighttime visibility, and reduce the Option 1. BUG Rating Method
 Do not exceed backlight (B0 to B5) and glare ratings
consequences of development for
(G0 to G4) based on luminaire mounting and MLO
wildlife and people lighting zone.
Option 2. Calculation Method

 Do not exceed maximum vertical illuminance at
lighting boundary.
Maximum vertical illuminance
 IES/DSA Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO) MLO Lighting Zone Vertical Illuminance
LZ0 0.05 FC (0.5 LUX)
LZ1 0.05 FC (0.5 LUX)
LZ2 0.10 FC (1 LUX)
LZ3 0.20 FC (2 LUX)
LZ4 0.60 FC (6 LUX)
72
definition
light pollution
waste light from building sites that

produces glare, is directed upward to
the sky, or is directed off the site.
Waste light does not increase
nighttime safety, utility, or security
and needlessly consumes energy.
SUSTAINABLE SITES:
 The lighting boundary, similar to the LEED project boundary or  Lighting Designer
property line, can vary from these other defined areas, as  Landscape Architect
special considerations (such as abutting public walkways) can
allow for limited expansion of the eligible site (generally making  Architect
trespass requirements easier).
 Adopt site lighting criteria to maintain safe light levels while
avoiding off-site lighting and night sky light pollution.
 Minimize site lighting where possible, and use computer
software to model the site lighting.
 Technologies to reduce light pollution include full cutoff
luminaires, low-reflectance surfaces and low-angle spotlights.
 Uplight and Light Trespass assessments may use different
methods (Option 1 or Option 2) to determine compliance.
 Some lighting is exempt:
 Specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting for
transportation
 Façade lighting used in MLO lighting zones 3 or 4 which is
automatically turned off between midnight and 6:00 am
 Lighting for theatrical purposes for stage, film, and video
performances
 Government mandated roadway lighting
 Hospital emergency departments, including helipads
 Lighting of the national flag in MLO lighting zones 2, 3 or 4
 Internally illuminated signage.
73
definition
BUG rating
a luminaire classification system that

classifies luminaires in terms of
backlight (B), uplight (U), and glare
(G) (taken from IES/IDA Model
Lighting Ordinance). BUG ratings
supersede the former cutoff ratings.
Zone Ambient Criteria

Illumination
LZ0 None Areas where natural environment will be seriously and adversely affected
by lighting.
Examples: Undeveloped open space, wilderness preserves, areas near
astronomical observatories.
LZ1 Low Areas where lighting might harm flora and fauna or disturb character of
the area.
Examples: Single-family residential community, rural town centers,
developed areas in parks.
LZ2 Moderate Areas of human activity where vision of human residents and users is
adapted to moderate light levels.
Examples: Multifamily residential uses, schools, mixed-use with
predominance of residential uses.
LZ3 Moderately high Areas of human activity where vision of human residents and users is
adapted to moderately high light levels.
Examples: Town centers, mixed-use areas, high-use recreation playing
fields, gas stations.
LZ4 High Areas of human activity where vision of human residents and users is
adapted to high light levels.
Example: Times Square
OUT DOOR L IGHT IN G ZON E
74
QUESTION:
Reducing the amount of light that leaves the project
site at night time would result in: (select 2)
1. Increased energy consumption
2. More visible stars
3. Increased night time criminal activity
4. Safer migrations for birds
SS Credit Light Pollution ANSWER:

Reduction
SAMPLE QUESTION
o Increased energy consumption
 More visible stars
o Increased night time criminal activity
 Safer migrations for birds
SS Prerequisite Environmental Site Assessment (Schools

and Healthcare Only)
 To protect the health of vulnerable populations by
ensuring that the site is assessed for environmental
contamination and that any environmental
contamination has been remediated.
SS Credit Site Master Plan (Schools Only)

 To ensure that the sustainable site benefits achieved
by the project continue, regardless of future changes
in programs or demographics.
NOT INCLUDED IN
LEED BD+C: NEW SS Credit Tenant Design and Construction Guidelines
(Core & Shell Only)
CONSTRUCTION  To educate tenants in implementing sustainable
ADDITIONAL CREDITS design and construction features in their tenant

improvement build-outs.
SS Credit Places of Respite (Healthcare Only)

 To provide patients, staff, and visitors with the health
benefits of the natural environment by creating
outdoor places of respite on the healthcare campus.
SS Credit Direct Exterior Access (Healthcare Only)

 To provide patients and staff with the health benefits
associated with direct access to the natural
environment.
75
WATER EFFICIENCY
WATER EFFICIENCY:
PREREQUISITE NC CS S R DC WDC HO HC EP.
Outdoor water use reduction X X X X X X X X
Indoor water use reduction X X X X X X X X
Building-level water metering X X X X X X X X

Outdoor water use reduction 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Indoor water use reduction 1-6 1-6 1-7 1-7 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-7
Cooling tower water use 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Water metering 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
76
WATER EFFICIENCY:
WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction
WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction
Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction x x x x x x x x
Outdoor Water Use Reduction 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1
Intent Prerequisite Requirements

 To reduce outdoor water Option 1. No permanent
consumption. irrigation required after 2 years.
Option 2. Reduce irrigation water

demand by 30% using EPA
WaterSense Water Budget Tool.
 EPA WaterSense Water Budget Tool

http://www.epa.gov/WaterSense/water_budget/
WATER EFFICIENCY:
Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Outdoor Water Use Reduction x x x x x x x x
Intent Credit Requirements

 To reduce outdoor water Option 1. (2 points) - No
consumption. permanent irrigation required
after 2 years.
Option 2. Reduce irrigation water

demand by 50% (1 point) or
100% (2 points), can count
nonpotable sources.
77
WATER EFFICIENCY:
 Perform a soil/climate analysis to determine  Landscape Architect
appropriate plant material and design the landscape  Ecologist
with native or adapted plants to reduce or eliminate  Plumbing Engineer
irrigation requirements.
 Where irrigation is required, use high-efficiency
equipment and/or climate-based controllers.
 Employ water conserving strategies such as:
 Xeriscaping
 Graywater reuse
 Rainwater harvesting
 Microirrigation
 Drip irrigation
 Water condensate from HVAC
 Mulching
 Redirect rainwater run-off to planted areas
Definition
ADAPTED PLANTS
vegetation that is not native to a
particular region but that has
characteristics that allow it to live in
the area. Adapted plants do not pose
the same problems as invasive
species.
78
Definition
NATIVE VEGETATION
an indigenous species that occurs in a particular
region, ecosystem, and habitat without direct or
indirect human actions. Native species have
evolved to the geography, hydrology, and climate
of that region. They also occur in communities;
that is, they have evolved together with other
species. As a result, these communities provide
habitat for a variety of other native wildlife
species. Species native to North America are
generally recognized as those occurring on the
continent prior to European settlement. Also
known as native plants.
Definition
XERISCAPING
landscaping that does not require
routine irrigation
79
Vegetation Type Species Factor (ks) Density factor (kd) Microclimate Factor (kmc)
Low Average High Low Average High Low Average high
Trees 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.3 0.5 1.0 1.4
Shrubs 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.0 1.3
Groundcovers 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.0 1.2
Mixed: trees, shrubs, 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.3 0.5 1.0 1.4
groundcovers
Turfgrass 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.2
courtesy: EPA
L AN DS CAP E FACTORS
OUT DOOR WAT ER US E REDUCT ION
80
E X AMPLE: WAT ER E F F I CIENT L AND S CAPE
B A S E L I N E C A S E ( J U LY )
D E S I G N C A S E ( J U LY )
ks = species factor | kd = density factor | kmc = microclimate factor | KL = landscape factor

CE = controller efficiency | IE = irrigation efficiency | TWA = total water applied
QUESTION:
The following landscape factors must be used to

quantify the water savings for water efficient
landscaping (select 3):
1. Average Temperature Factor
2. Species Factor
3. Irrigation Factor
4. Microclimate Factor
5. Density Factor
Outdoor Water Use:
SAMPLE QUESTION ANSWER:
o Average Temperature Factor

 Species Factor
o Irrigation Factor
 Microclimate Factor
 Density Factor
81
WATER EFFICIENCY:
WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction
WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction
Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction X X X X X X X X
Indoor Water Use Reduction 1-6 1-6 1-7 1-7 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-7

 To reduce indoor water Reduce water use by 20% from
consumption. baseline.
All eligible new toilets, urinals,

private lavatory faucets, and
 Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992 and as showerheads must be
amended WaterSense labeled.
 EPAct 2005
 Uniform Plumbing Code 2006
 International Plumbing Code 2006 Meet minimum water efficiency
 ENERGY STAR
 EPA WaterSense
for appliances, equipment, and
processes.
WATER EFFICIENCY:
Intent Requirements
 To reduce indoor water Reduce water use by 25% - 50%
consumption. from baseline.
Meet additional water efficiency

for appliances, equipment, and
 Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992 and as processes.
amended
 EPAct 2005
 Uniform Plumbing Code 2006
 International Plumbing Code 2006
 ENERGY STAR
 EPA WaterSense
82
WATER EFFICIENCY:
Additional Requirements for Healthcare, Retail, Schools, and Hospitality

 Prerequisite  Credit
 Install water efficient  Install additional water efficient
commercial equipment: equipment based on the project
 Dishwashers type.
 Food steamers
 Combination ovens
 Discharge water temperature
tempering
 Venturi-type flow-through
vacuum generators or
aspirators
WATER EFFICIENCY:
 Non-US projects may use a local equivalent to the  Plumbing Engineer
EPA WaterSense fixture labeling requirement.  Civil Engineer
 Use of alternative water sources does not count  Architect
for prerequisite compliance, but can contribute
for the credit (beyond the first 20%).
 Credit calculations factor in all plumbing fixtures
used by occupants, even if some fixtures are
outside the project boundary. Prerequisite
calculations consider only project fixtures.
83
Definition
RAINWATER HARVESTING
the capture, diversion, and storage of
rain for future beneficial use.
Typically, a rain barrel or cistern stores
the water; other components include
the catchment surface and
conveyance system. The harvested
rainwater can be used for irrigation.
Definition
NONPOTABLE WATER
water that does not meet drinking water
standards
84
EXAMP L E: LOW F LOW F IXT URES
Fixtures and Fittings Baseline

1.6 gallons per flush (gpf)
Toilet (water closet)
6 liters per flush (lpf)
Urinal 1.0 (gpf) / 3.8 (lpf)
0.5 gallons per minute (gpm) at 60 pounds per
Public lavatory square inch (psi)
(restroom) faucets 1.9 liters per minute (lpm) at 415 kPa
Private lavatory 2.2 gpm at 60 psi / 8.3 lpm at 415 kPa

faucets and kitchen
faucets private applications only (residential, hotel or
Showerhead
motel guest rooms, hospital patient rooms)
2.5 gpm at 80 psi / 9.5 lpm at 550 kPa
I N D O O R WAT E R
USE:
Appliances and
Processes
Requirement Calculate the savings
Residential clothes according to the baseline
washers and ENERGY STAR or performance equivalent
dishwashers
Commercial clothes
CEE Tier 3A
washers
Prerinse spray valves Maximum 1.3 gpm / 4.9 lpm
ENERGY STAR or performance equivalent and
Ice machine
air cooled or closed-loop cooling
Heat rejection and
No once-through cooling w/ potable water
cooling
Cooling towers and Makeup water meters, conductivity
evaporative controllers and overflow alarms, efficient drift
condensers eliminators
85
Fixture Types FTE Visitor Retail customer Student Resident
Uses/Day
Water Closet female 3 0.5 0.2 3 5

male 1 0.1 0.1 1 5
Urinal female 0 0 0 0 n/a
male 2 0.4 0.1 2 n/a
Lavatory Faucet 3 0.5 0.2 3 5
(duration 30 sec;
60 sec residential)
Shower 0.1 0 0 0 1
(duration 300 sec;
480 sec residential)
Kitchen Sink, non-residential 1 0 0 0 n/a
(duration 15 sec)
Kitchen Sink, residential n/a n/a n/a n/a 4
(duration 60 sec)
Flush Fixture Flowrate (GPF) Flow Fixture Flowrate (GPM)

Conventional Water Closet 1.6 Conventional Lavatory 2.2
Low-Flow Water Closet 1.1 Low-Flow Lavatory 1.8
Dual-Flush Closet (Full-Flush) 1.6 Ultra Low-Flow Lavatory 0.5
Dual-Flush Closet (Low-Flush) 0.8 Kitchen Sink 2.5
Composting Toilet 0.0 Low-Flow Kitchen Sink 1.8
Conventional Urinal 1.0 Shower 2.5
Low-Flow Urinal 0.5 Low-Flow Shower 1.8
Non-Water Urinal 0.0
F IXT URE F LOW S & US ES
QUESTION:
What is the main standard used to define the

baseline per flush and flow rates for the water
efficiency of fixtures used in the interior of the
building?
1. WaterSense minimum standards
2. ASHRAE 90.1-2007
3. Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992
Indoor Water Use 4. Local codes
Reduction: 5. U.S. EPA, Water Use Efficiency program
SAMPLE QUESTION guidelines
ANSWER:
o WaterSense minimum standards
o ASHRAE 90.1-2007
 Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992
o Local codes
o U.S. EPA, Water Use Efficiency program
guidelines
86
WATER EFFICIENCY:
WE Prerequisite Building-level Water Metering
WE Credit Water Metering
Prerequisite Building-level Water Metering X X X X X X X X
Water Metering 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

 To support water management Track (and share with USGBC)
and identify opportunities for monthly and annual water usage
additional water savings by data for 5 years.
tracking water consumption
 None
WATER EFFICIENCY:

 To support water management Install additional metering for
and identify opportunities for two or more:
additional water savings by  Irrigation,
tracking water consumption  Indoor plumbing,
 Domestic hot water,
 Large boilers,
 Reclaimed water, and/or
 none  Other process water
87
WATER EFFICIENCY:
Intent LEED-HC Added Requirements

 To support water management  Install water meters on any 5 of the following:
 Purified water systems
and identify opportunities for  Filter backwash water
additional water savings by  Water use in dietary department
tracking water consumption  Water use for laundry
 Laboratory water use
 Water used in central sterile and processing
dept.
 Waster use in physiotherapy and
 none hydrotherapy and treatment areas
 Water use in surgical suite
 Closed-loop hydronic system makeup water
 Cold-water makeup for domestic hot water
systems
WATER EFFICIENCY:
 Water meters can be external  Plumbing
meters (measured from outside Engineer
the pipe) or wet meters (from  Building Manager
inside the pipe).  Owner
 Ongoing metering allows building
operators to better gauge a
buildings water performance and
identify problems early.
88
QUESTION:
LEED projects are required to share whole-project

water usage data for how long?:
1. 1 year, unless prohibited by national laws
2. 3 years
3. 5 years, or until the building changes ownership
4. 5 years, unless prohibited by national laws
5. 20 or fewer years, depending on LEED
certification level.
Water Metering:
1. 1 year, unless prohibited by national laws

2. 3 years
 5 years, or until the building changes ownership
4. 5 years, unless prohibited by national laws
5. 20 or fewer years, depending on LEED
certification level.
WATER EFFICIENCY:
We Credit Cooling Tower Water Use
Cooling Tower Water Use 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To conserve water used for cooling  Conduct a one-time potable water analysis,
tower makeup while controlling measuring at least the five control parameters:
microbes, corrosion, and scale in  Ca (as in CaCO3) – max 1000 ppm
the condenser water system.  Total alkalinity – max 1000 ppm
 SiO2 – max 100 ppm
 Cl- - max 250 ppm
 Conductivity – max 2000 µS/cm
 Calculate number of cooling tower cycles.
 Limit cooling cycles to avoid exceeding
maximum concentrations for any parameter.
Points for Cooling Tower Cycles

Maximum number of cycles (up to 10) achieved without exceeding any filtration levels
1
or affecting operation.
Achieve 10 or more cycles by increasing treatment
OR 2
Earn 1 point above and use 20% or more recycled nonpotable water
89
WATER EFFICIENCY:
WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use

 Evaporation of cooling tower water leads to build  Mechanical
up of dissolved solids. Engineer
 Makeup water is the added water to the cooling  Plumbing Engineer
tower system or evaporative condenser to offset
water lost due to evaporation and other causes.
 Blowdown is the process of discharging cooling
tower water to remove dissolved solids.
 Increasing the number of cycles between
blowdown reduces the amount of makeup water
inputs.
 Nonpotable sources should generally contain low
levels of dissolved solids. This can include air-
conditioner condensate, rainwater, steam system
condensate, food steamer discharge water, fire
pump test water, and ice machine condensate
QUESTION:
Water is periodically discharged from cooling towers

as blowdown. Why is this necessary?
1. To avoid unsafe water temperatures
2. To prevent the formation of radioactive isotopes
3. To reduce concentrations of dissolved solids
4. To reduce formation of ice
Cooling Tower Water 5. Blowdown is an optional process, used to
increase efficiency
Use:
1. To avoid unsafe water temperatures

2. To prevent the formation of radioactive isotopes
 To reduce concentrations of dissolved solids
4. To reduce formation of ice
5. Blowdown is an optional process, used to
increase efficiency
90
ENERGY &
ATMOSPHERE (EA)
ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE

Fundamental Commissioning &
X X X X X X X X
Verification
Minimum Energy Performance
X X X X X X X X
Building-Level Energy
X X X X X X X X
Metering
Fundamental Refrigerant
X X X X X X X X
Management
91
ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE:
Enhanced Commissioning
2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6
Optimize Energy
1-18 1-18 1-16 1-18 1-18 1-18 1-18 1-20
Performance
Advanced Energy
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Metering
Demand Response
1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Renewable Energy
1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3
Production
Enhanced Refrigerant
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Management
Green Power and
1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Carbon Offsets
Definition
COMMISSIONING (Cx) is the process
of verifying and documenting that a
building and all of its systems and
assemblies are planned, designed,
installed, tested, operated, and
maintained to meet the owner’s
project requirements.
92
EA Prerequisite - Fundamental Commissioning & Verification
EA Credit Enhanced Commissioning
Prerequisite - Fundamental Commissioning & Verification X X X X X X X X
Enhanced Commissioning 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6

 To support the design, construction, and  Develop OPR and BOD and designate CxA
eventual operation of a project that by end of DD phase.
meets the owner’s project requirements
for energy, water, indoor environmental  Create an Operations and Maintenance
quality, and durability. Plan
 To further support the design,  CxA must: Review OPR, BOD and project
construction, and eventual operation of a design, Develop and implement a Cx plan,
project that meets the owner’s project
requirements for energy, water, indoor Cx requirements into the construction
environmental quality, and durability. documents, Develop construction
checklists, Develop a system test
procedure, Verify system testing,
 ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005 Maintain an issues/benefits log, Prepare
 ASHRAE Guildline 1.1-2007 a final Cx process report, Document all
findings directly to the owner.


 To support the design, construction, and Option 1. Enhanced Systems
eventual operation of a project that
meets the owner’s project requirements Commissioning
for energy, water, indoor environmental Path 1 (3 points) - Complete Cx process
quality, and durability. activities for MEP and renewable energy
 To further support the design, systems according to ASHRAE Guideline 0-
construction, and eventual operation of a
project that meets the owner’s project 2005 and ASHRAE Guideline 1.1-2007.
requirements for energy, water, indoor
environmental quality, and durability. CxA must: Review contractor submittals,
Verify systems manual and training
requirements in CD, Verify systems manual
 ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005 updates and delivery, Verify operator
 ASHRAE Guildline 1.1-2007 training delivery and effectiveness, Verify
seasonal testing, Review building operations
10 months after substantial completion,
Develop an ongoing Cx Plan
93
Intent Requirements
 To support the design, construction, and Option 1. Enhanced Systems
eventual operation of a project that Commissioning
meets the owner’s project requirements
for energy, water, indoor environmental Path 2 (4 points) - Achieve path 1 and:
quality, and durability. Monitor points to assess performance of
 To further support the design, energy and water using systems and include
construction, and eventual operation of a this information in the Cx Plan, and Update
requirements for energy, water, indoor systems manual with any changes and
environmental quality, and durability. provide justification for modifications from
original design.
 ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005, The
Commissioning Process
 ASHRAE Guideline 1.1-2007, HVAC&R
Technical Requirements for the
 NIBS Guideline 3-2012, Exterior Enclosure

Intent Requirements
 To support the design, construction, and Option 2. Envelope Commissioning (2 points)
eventual operation of a project that  Include the building’s thermal envelope in
meets the owner’s project requirements Cx, and perform enhanced Cx on the
for energy, water, indoor environmental
quality, and durability. envelope
 To further support the design,
construction, and eventual operation of a
requirements for energy, water, indoor
environmental quality, and durability.
 ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005, The

 ASHRAE Guideline 1.1-2007, HVAC&R
 NIBS Guideline 3-2012, Exterior Enclosure
94
Definition
OWNER’S PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
is a written document that details the
ideas, concepts, and criteria that are
determined by the owner to be
important to the success of the
project.
Definition
BASIS OF DESIGN includes design
information necessary to accomplish
the owner’s project requirements,
including system descriptions, indoor
environmental quality criteria, design
assumptions, and references to
applicable codes, standards,
regulations, and guidelines.
95
Definition
The COMMISSIONING PLAN is a
document that outlines the
organization, schedule, allocation of
resources, and documentation
requirements of the commissioning
process.

Operations and Maintenance Plan

 Create a current facilities requirements and operations and maintenance plan that
contains the information necessary to operate the building efficiently. Include the
following elements:
 Sequence of operations
 Occupancy schedule
 Equipment run-time schedules
 HVAC setpoints
 Lighting levels
 Minimum outside air requirements
 Seasonal, day-of-week, or time-of-day schedule and setpoint changes
 Mechanical and electrical systems narrative
 Preventative maintenance plan
 Ongoing commissioning
96

 Engage a CxA as early as possible in the design process.  Commissioning
 Determine the owner’s project requirements, develop Authority
and maintain a commissioning plan for use during  General Contractor &
design and construction and incorporate commissioning applicable
requirements in bid documents. subcontractors (e.g.
 Prior to occupancy, verify the performance of energy HVAC, Controls)
consuming systems.  Architect
 Owners are encouraged to consider including water-  MEP Engineer
using systems, building envelope systems, and other  Owner
systems in the scope of the commissioning plan as
appropriate.
 While the prerequisite does not require building
envelope commissioning, an owner can achieve
significant financial savings and reduce risk of poor
indoor air quality by including it in the commissioning
process.


 Engage a CxA as early as possible in the design process.  Commissioning
 Determine the owner’s project requirements, develop Authority
and maintain a commissioning plan for use during  General Contractor &
design and construction and incorporate commissioning applicable
requirements in bid documents. subcontractors (e.g.
 Prior to occupancy, verify the performance of energy HVAC, Controls)
consuming systems.  Architect
 Owners are encouraged to consider including water-  MEP Engineer
using systems, building envelope systems, and other  Owner
systems in the scope of the commissioning plan as
appropriate.
 While the prerequisite does not require building
envelope commissioning, an owner can achieve
significant financial savings and reduce risk of poor
indoor air quality by including it in the commissioning
process.
97
Who can be the CxA?

 Who can be the CxA if not attempting the credit?
 CxA must document experience on at least 2 similar projects.
 CxA may not be part of the project’s design or construction team, but may be a
disinterested subcontractor or otherwise uninvolved member of the design or
construction firm.
 For small projects (less than 20,000 sq. ft.) this rule doesn’t apply.
 Who can be the CxA for Enhanced Cx?

 Same requirements as above, with some additional restrictions
 CxA must not be an employee of the design or construction firm.
 CxA can not be subcontracted through the construction firm
 Small project exemption does not apply for Enhanced Cx.
QUESTION:
Commissioning is the process of _______________
that a building’s systems and assemblies are planned,
designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained to
meet the owner’s project requirements.
1. verifying and documenting
2. operations and maintenance
3. verifying
4. calibrating
5. the performance
COMMISSIONING: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
 verifying and documenting
o operations and maintenance
o verifying
o calibrating
o the performance
98
EA Prerequisite Minimum Energy Performance
EA Credit Optimize Energy Performance
Prerequisite -Minimum Energy Performance X X X X X X X X
Optimize Energy Performance 1-18 1-18 1-16 1-18 1-18 1-18 1-18 1-20
Intent Requirements
 To reduce the environmental and Credit + Prerequisite
economic harms of excessive energy use  Option 1. Whole-Building Energy
by achieving a minimum level of energy Simulation (up to 18 points)
efficiency for the building and its systems.  Comply with mandatory and prescriptive
 To achieve increasing levels of energy provisions of ASHRAE 90.1-2010
performance beyond the prerequisite  Perform an energy model to show energy
standard to reduce environmental and cost savings. Points earned based on
economic harms associated with savings.
excessive energy use.
 ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2010

Intent Requirements
 To reduce the environmental and Credit + Prerequisite
economic harms of excessive energy use  Option 2. Prescriptive Compliance: ASHRAE
by achieving a minimum level of energy Advanced Energy Design Guide (up to 6
efficiency for the building and its systems. points)
 To achieve increasing levels of energy  Comply with mandatory and prescriptive
performance beyond the prerequisite provisions of ASHRAE 90.1-2010
standard to reduce environmental and  Follow prescriptive requirements of the
economic harms associated with ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide
excessive energy use. specific to the project type. Only certain
projects are eligible:
 Office buildings smaller than 100,000
 ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide sf
 Retail buildings between 20,000 sf
and 100,000 sf.
 K-12 School buildings
 Hospitals over 100,000 sf
99
Intent Requirements
 To reduce the environmental and Prerequisite Only
economic harms of excessive energy use  Option 3. Prerequisite Compliance:
by achieving a minimum level of energy Advanced Buildings Core Performance
efficiency for the building and its systems. Guide (no points available in Option 3)
 To achieve increasing levels of energy  Comply with mandatory and prescriptive
performance beyond the prerequisite provisions of ASHRAE 90.1-2010

 Follow Design Process Strategies (section
standard to reduce environmental and
1)
economic harms associated with  Follow Core Performance Requirements
excessive energy use. (section 2)
 Implement select Enhanced Performance
Strategies (section 3)
 Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide  Supply Air Temperature Reset (VAV)
 Premium Economizer Performance
 Variable Speed Control
 Projects must be less than 100,000 sf and
of a suitable building type. Healthcare,
Warehouse, or Laboratory projects are
not eligible.

 Non-US projects may use USGBC-approved equivalent  Energy Analyst
standard to ASHRAE 90.1-2010.  Architect
 Renewable energy doesn’t count toward the  MEP Engineer
prerequisite, but does count under the credit.
 Design the building envelope and systems to meet
baseline requirements.
 Use a computer simulation model to assess the energy
performance and identify the most cost-effective
energy efficiency measures.
 Quantify energy performance compared with a baseline
building.
100
Definition
An ENERGY SIMULATION MODEL, or
ENERGY MODEL, is a computer-
generated representation of the
anticipated energy consumption of a
building. It permits a comparison of
energy performance, given proposed
energy efficiency measures, with the
baseline.
Definition
BASELINE BUILDING PERFORMANCE
is the annual energy cost for a
building design intended for use as a
baseline for rating above standard
design, as defined in ASHRAE 90.1-
2010, Appendix G.
101
Definition
PROCESS LOADS include: office and
misc. equipment, computers,
elevators and escalators, kitchen
cooking and refrigeration, laundry
washing and drying, and any lighting
exempt from the lighting power
allowance.
New Major Core and Points Points Points

Buildings Renovation Shell (except Healthcare Schools
Healthcare
and
Schools
6% 4% 3% 1 3 1
8% 6% 5% 2 4 2
10% 8% 7% 3 5 3
12% 10% 9% 4 6 4
Energy Performance:
14% 12% 11% 5 7 5
Optimize Energy Performance
16% 14% 13% 6 8 6
18% 16% 15% 7 9 7
The minimum energy cost savings
20% 18% 17% 8 10 8 percentage for each point threshold is
22% 20% 19% 9 11 9 as follows:
24% 22% 21% 10 12 10
26% 24% 23% 11 13 11
29% 27% 26% 12 14 12
32% 30% 29% 13 15 13
35% 33% 32% 14 16 14
38% 36% 35% 15 17 15
42% 40% 39% 16 18 16
46% 44% 43% 17 19 -
50% 48% 47% 18 20 -
54% (EP) 54% (EP) 54% (EP) 18+1 20+1 16+1
102
LIGHTING ENVELOPE
Roof
Walls
Windows
Conduction
PEOPLE 0%
Windows
Solar
Infiltration
EQUIPMENT &
PLUG LOAD
example: COOLING LOAD
QUESTION:
Components of the building envelope that would be
included in the energy model (select 3):
1. Trim
2. Water closets
3. Roof
4. Spray foam insulation
5. Windows
Energy Performance: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION o Trim

o Water closets
 Roof
 Spray foam insulation
 Windows
103
EA Prerequisite -Building-level Energy Metering
EA Credit Advanced Energy Metering
Prerequisite -Building-level Energy Metering X X X X X X X X
Advanced Energy Metering 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

 To support energy management and
identify opportunities for additional All Rating System Adaptations Except Core
energy savings by tracking building- and Shell
level energy use.  Provide energy metering devices for all
 To support energy management and energy inputs, including electricity,

identify opportunities for additional natural gas, chilled water, steam, fuel oil,
energy savings by tracking building- propane, biomass, etc.
level and system-level energy use.  Commit to sharing whole building energy
usage data with USGBC for 5 years or
until a change in ownership or lessee.
 none Core and Shell
 Same as above, pertaining only to the
base building.

EA Prerequisite -Building-level Energy Metering
Prerequisite -Building-level Energy Metering X X X X X X X X
Advanced Energy Metering 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

 To support energy management and
All Rating System Adaptations Except Core and
identify opportunities for additional
Shell
energy savings by tracking building-
 Install advanced energy metering for all
level energy use.
whole-building energy sources and any
 To support energy management and individual energy end use that is 10% or
identify opportunities for additional more of the total annual use.
energy savings by tracking building- Core and Shell
level and system-level energy use.  Install advanced energy metering for all base
building energy sources.
 Install meters for future tenant spaces so
 none tenants can independently meter energy
consumption for all systems dedicated to
their space.
 Minimum one meter per energy source per
floor.
104
EA Prerequisite Building-level Energy Metering
 Advanced Energy Metering must meet the following:  MEP Engineer
 Meters are permanently installed, have a maximum  Building Operator
recording interval of 1 hour, and transmit data to a
remote location.
 Electricity meters must record both consumption and
demand. Whole building electricity metering should
record the power factor if appropriate.
 Data collection system must use a local area
network, building automation system, wireless
network, or comparable communication
infrastructure.
 System must be capable of storing all data for at least
36 months.
 Data must be remotely accessible
 All meters in the system must be able to report
hourly, daily, monthly, and annual energy use.
QUESTION:
Energy use data over time can assist in the
identification of which following issues? (select 2):
1. Structural deficiencies
2. Water intrusion
3. Solar panel failure
4. Boiler malfunction
5. Rodent infestation
Energy Performance: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
1. Structural deficiencies
2. Water intrusion
 Solar panel failure
 Boiler malfunction
5. Rodent infestation
105
EA Prerequisite -Fundamental Refrigerant Management
EA Credit Enhanced Refrigerant Management
Fundamental Refrigerant Management X X X X X X X X
Enhanced Refrigerant Management 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

 To reduce stratospheric ozone  Do not use CFC-based refrigerants in new
depletion. HVAC&R systems.
 To reduce ozone depletion and support  If existing systems contain CFC-based
early compliance with the Montreal refrigerants, complete a CFC phase-out
Protocol while minimizing direct conversion before project completion.
contributions to climate change.
 US EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Section 608,

Refrigerant Recycling Rule


 To reduce stratospheric ozone Option 1. No refrigerants or low-impact
depletion. refrigerants
 To reduce ozone depletion and support  Use no refrigerants or use only
early compliance with the Montreal refrigerants that have an ozone depletion
Protocol while minimizing direct potential (ODP) of zero and a global
warming potential (GWP) of less than 50.
Option 2. Calculation of refrigerant impact
 Select refrigerants to minimize or
eliminate the use of compounds that
 none deplete the ozone and/or contribute to
climate change.
 Combination of all HVAC&R equipment
must meet calculation.
106
Intent Requirements
 To reduce stratospheric ozone Additional requirement for commercial
depletion. refrigeration equipment (LEED for Retail only):
 To reduce ozone depletion and support  Commercial refrigeration equipment must
early compliance with the Montreal meet additional requirements.
 Refrigerant must have a zero ODP
Protocol while minimizing direct
 Average HFC refrigerant charge of 1.75
pounds per 1,000 Btu/h total evaporator
cooling load.
 Show a 15% or less store-wide annual
refrigerant emissions rate. Conduct leak
 EPA GreenChill testing using GreenChill’s guideline
 Alternately, stores with commercial
refrigeration systems may attain EPA
GreenChill’s silver-level or better
certification.

 Design and operate the facility without mechanical  Mechanical Engineer
cooling and refrigeration equipment. OR
 Where mechanical cooling is used, utilize base building  HVAC&R Systems
HVAC&R systems for the refrigeration cycle that Specialist
minimize direct impact on ozone depletion and global
climate change.
 Prerequisite compliance for projects with a CFC phase-
out plan extending beyond project completion will be
considered on its merits. Any remaining CFC containing
HVAC&R equipment (even if a phase-out plan is in
place) disqualifies the project from earning points in the
credit.
 Existing HVAC&R systems containing less than 0.5 Refrigerant ODP GWP
pounds of refrigerant are exempted. CFC Yes (Greatest) Yes
 Non-HVAC&R equipment (new or existing) containing HCFC Yes Yes
less than 0.5 pounds of refrigerant are exempted. HFC* No Yes (Greatest)
Halon Yes No
107
Definition
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCs) are
hydrocarbons that are used as
refrigerants and cause depletion of
the stratospheric ozone layer.
+ halons
(ODP only)
IMPACT OF REFRIGERANTS
108
CFC MOLECULE ANIMATION
QUESTION:
Which of the following statements are true (select 2):

1. CFC’s are naturally occurring
2. CFC’s are man-made
3. Existing systems are exempt from the prerequisite
4. Fundamental Refrigerant Management is most
concerned with global warming
5. Fundamental Refrigerant Management is most
concerned with ozone depletion
Refrigerant
ANSWER:
Management:
SAMPLE QUESTION o CFC’s are naturally occurring
 CFC’s are man-made
o Existing systems are exempt from the
prerequisite
o Fundamental Refrigerant Management is most
concerned with global warming
 Fundamental Refrigerant Management is most
concerned with ozone depletion
109
EA Credit Demand Response
Demand Response 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To increase participation in demand  All Projects
response technologies and programs  Design the building and equipment
that make energy generation and to allow participation in demand
distribution systems more efficient, response programs through load
increase grid reliability, and reduce shedding or shifting (does not
greenhouse gas emissions. include on-site energy generation).
 Case 1
 If electric utility has a current
program, participation is mandatory
 none (2 points).
 Case 2
 If no existing program is available,
infrastructure for future
participation is required (1 point).

EA Credit Demand Response

 A Demand Response (DR) Event is a defined period of  Electrical Engineer
time when the utility calls for a reduction in peak  Mechanical Engineer
demand by users.  Architect
 Peak Demand is the maximum electric load at a specific  Building Operator
time or averaged over short intervals.  Owner
 Projects participating in “time of day” pricing are
economically encouraged to use Permanent Peak Load
Shifting strategies to transfer demand to off-peak hours
when energy is less expensive.
110
QUESTION:
Which of the following are benefits of Demand

Response? (select 2):
1. It enables commissioning of the building energy

systems
2. Owners can use the data to correct operating
inefficiencies
3. Projects can reduce their energy costs
4. Projects can reduce their labor costs
5. Reduced reliance on fossil fuels
Demand Response: ANSWER:

SAMPLE QUESTION
1. It enables commissioning of the building energy
systems
2. Owners can use the data to correct operating
inefficiencies
 Projects can reduce their energy costs
4. Projects can reduce their labor costs
 Reduced reliance on fossil fuels

EA Credit Renewable Energy Production
Renewable Energy Production 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3
Intent Requirements
 To reduce the environmental and  Use on-site renewable energy to offset
economic harms associated with fossil a 1% (1 point), 5% (2 points), or 10% (3
fuel energy by increasing self-supply of points) of the building energy cost,
renewable energy. using energy model or CBECS
database.
 Center for Resource Solutions Green-e

Program
 Commercial Building Energy
% Renewable Energy Points Points Core
Consumption Survey (CBECS) and Shell
1% 1 1
3% - 2
5% 2 3
10% 3 -
111
EA Credit Renewable Energy Production

 Assess the project for nonpolluting and renewable energy  Owner
potential including:  Electrical Engineer
 Solar
 Wind and wave and tidal power systems
 Civil Engineer
 Geothermal heating and electric systems  Structural Engineer
 Low-impact hydroelectric  Incentives Program
 Eligible biofuels Administrator
 When applying these strategies, take advantage of net
metering with the local utility.
 The following do not count for on-site renewable:
 Architectural features
 Passive solar strategies
 Daylighting strategies
 Geo-exchange (ground-source heat pumps)
 Some biofuels are ineligible:
 Combustion of municipal solid waste
 Forest biomass waste, other than mill residue
 Wood coated with plastic, laminate, or paint
 Wood with hazardous chemical preservatives
EXAM P L E: P HOTOVOLTAICS
112
QUESTION:
Which of the following could be a source of
onsite renewable energy? (select 3):
1. Bio-fuel made from agricultural waste

2. Trees cut from a forest
3. Wood chips left over from a mill
4. Low-impact hydroelectric
5. Burning trash
Renewable Energy: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION  Bio-fuel made from agricultural waste

o Trees cut from a forest
 Wood chips left over from a mill
 Low-impact hydroelectric
o Burning trash

EA Credit Green Power and Carbon Offsets
Green Power and Carbon Offsets 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To encourage the reduction of  Agree to purchase 50% (1 point) or
greenhouse gas emissions through the 100% (2 points) of the project’s energy
use of grid-source, renewable energy from one or more of the following for
technologies and carbon mitigation at least 5 years:
projects.  Green Power
 Carbon Offsets
 Renewable Energy Certificates
(RECs) for at least 5 years.
 Green-e Energy and Green-e Climate
113
 OPEN MARKET STATE (deregulated)
 Find a Green-e certified power provider and
buy power
OR
 CLOSED MARKET STATE MARKET AVAILABILITY
 Enroll in your power company’s Green-e GREEN POWER
accredited program (if available)
OR Sources of Green Power
 PURCHASE RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES
 (RECs = Green-tags)
ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE

What Qualifies for LEED?

Green Power
 Green-e Energy certified or equivalent  Offsets must be delivered at least annually,
and must be for resources that have come
Carbon Offsets online since the beginning of 2005.
 Green-e Climate certified or equivalent
 Carbon Offsets can be used to offset  US projects must use offsets from
scope 1 or 2 emissions on a Carbon greenhouse gas emissions projects within
Dioxide equivalent (CO2e) basis. the US.
Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)  Quantity is based on total energy use - not
 Green-e Energy certified or equivalent cost!
 RECs can only be used to offset Scope 2
electricity use.
114

 Determine the energy needs of the building and  Owner
investigate opportunities to engage in a green power  Energy Analyst
contract.
 Green power is derived from solar, wind, geothermal,
biomass or low-impact hydro sources.
 Visit http://www.green-e.org for details about the
Green-e Energy and Green-e Climate program.
R E NE WAB LE E NE RGY C E RT I FI CAT E
115
QUESTION:
Which of the following is true for projects using both
electricity and natural gas energy inputs? (select 2):
1. Both gas and electric use must be considered
when attempting Green Power.
2. Gas use is not considered for Green Power.
3. Electric use must be higher than gas use, by cost,
to qualify for Green Power
4. The project must purchase green power, carbon
offsets, or RECs to earn Green Power.
Green Power: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
 Both gas and electric use must be considered
when attempting Green Power.
2. Gas use is not considered for Green Power.
3. Electric use must be higher than gas use, by cost,
to qualify for Green Power
 The project must purchase green power, carbon
offsets, or RECs to earn Green Power.
MATERIALS & RESOUCES

(MR)
116
VIRGIN
MINING, CROPS MATERIALS SUSTAINABLE
& FOREST HARVESTING
GREEN
MANUFACTURING
REUSE/RECYCLE
100% RECYCLABLE
MATERIAL
BUILDINGS
CRADL E- TO-CRADLE
MATERIALS AND RESOURCES
PREREQUISITE
NC CS S R DC WDC HO HC EP.
Storage and Collection of Recyclables
X X X X X X X X
Construction and Demolition Waste

X X X X X X X X
Management Planning
PBT Source Reduction – Mercury
X
117
Building Life-cycle Impact Reduction
2-5 2-6 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5
Building Product Disclosure and

Optimization - Environmental Product 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Declarations
Optimization - Sourcing of Raw 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Materials
1-2 1-2 1-2 1-21 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Optimization - Material Ingredients
Construction and Demolition Waste
1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Management
Source Reduction – Mercury
1
PBT Source Reduction - Lead, Cadmium

2
and Copper
Furniture and Medical Furnishings
1-2
Design for Flexibility

1

MR Prerequisite - Storage and Collection of Recyclables
Prerequisite - Storage and Collection of Recyclables X X X X X X X X
Intent Requirements
 To reduce the waste that is generated All except LEED for Retail
by building occupants and hauled to  Provide dedicated collection and
and disposed of in landfills. storage area(s) for the following:
 Mixed paper
 Corrugated cardboard
 Glass
 Plastics
 Metals
 Take measures for safe collection,

storage, and disposal for 2 of the
following:
 Batteries
 Mercury-containing lamps
 Electronic waste
118
Prerequisite - Storage and Collection of Recyclables X X X X X X X X
Intent Requirements
 To reduce the waste that is generated LEED for Retail
by building occupants and hauled to  Conduct a waste stream audit to
and disposed of in landfills. determine the top 5 recyclable
waste streams.
 Provide storage and collection space
for at least the top 4.
 If any of these top 4 recyclable
waste streams are batteries,
mercury-containing lamps, or
electronic waste, take measures for
safe collection, storage, and
disposal.


 Designate an area for recyclable collection and storage  Architect
that is appropriately sized and located in a convenient  Owner
area.  Building Operator
 Identify local waste handlers and buyers for glass,  Occupants
plastic, metals, office paper, newspaper, cardboard and
organic wastes.
 Identify recycling collection areas inside the building.
 Instruct occupants on recycling procedures. LEED recommended guidelines based on
 Consider employing cardboard balers, aluminum can commercial building square footage:
crushers, recycling chutes and other waste Bldg. Square footage Recommended recycling
management strategies to further enhance the area sf
recycling program. 0 to 5,000 sf 82 sf
 Create strategies to reduce the solid waste stream (i.e., 5,001 to 15,000 sf 125 sf
reusable bottles, purchase materials in bulk) 15,001 to 50,000 sf 175 sf
 Collection and storage area may be separate 50,001 to 100,000 sf 225 sf
100,001 to 200,000 sf 275 sf
200,001 or greater sf 500 sf
119
EXAMP L E: STORAGE OF RECYCL AB LES
QUESTION:
Which materials below are mandatory for collection

and storage of recyclables? (select 3):
1. Plastic
2. Printer cartridges
3. Glass
4. Corrugated cardboard
5. Light bulbs
STOR AGE AND
COLLECTION OF
ANSWER:
R E C YC L A B L E S :
SAMPLE QUESTION Plastic
o Printer cartridges
Glass
Corrugated cardboard
o Light bulbs
120
MR Prerequisite Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning
MR Credit Construction and Demolition Waste Management
Prerequisite Construction and Demolition Waste
X X X X X X X X
Management Planning
Construction and Demolition Waste Management 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2

 To reduce construction and demolition  Implement a Construction and
waste disposed of in landfills and Demolition Waste Management Plan
incineration facilities by recovering, (C&D WMP)
reusing, and recycling materials.  Target at least 5 materials for diversion
 Estimate diversion percentage
 Describe how each material will be
diverted
 European Commission Waste

Framework Directive 2008/98/EC

Prerequisite Construction and Demolition Waste
X X X X X X X X
Management Planning
Construction and Demolition Waste Management 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2

 To reduce construction and demolition
Recycle and/or Salvage nonhazardous
waste disposed of in landfills and
construction and demolition waste
incineration facilities by recovering,
reusing, and recycling materials.
 Option 1. Diversion
Recycled/Salvaged Points
50%
1
+3 material streams
 Certification of Sustainable Recyclers
75%
 European Commission Waste +4 material streams
2
Framework Directive 2008/98/EC
 European Commission Waste  Option 2. (2 points) Do not generate
Incineration Directive 2000/76/EC more than 2.5 pounds of waste per
square foot (12.2 kg/m2) floor area
121

 Provide on-site training to personnel  General Contractor
 Consider recycling cardboard, metal, brick, mineral fiber  Specification Writer
panel, concrete, plastic, clean wood, glass, gypsum
wallboard, carpet and insulation.
 Designate a specific area(s) on the construction site for
segregated or comingled collection of recyclable
materials. Consider a single designated area for cutting
of materials.
 Track recycling efforts throughout the construction
process.
 Note that diversion may include donation of materials
(including non-construction materials such as
computers and furniture) to charitable organizations
and salvage of materials on-site.


Exclusions from the calculation:  General Contractor
 Alternative Daily Cover (ADC)  Specification Writer
 Land-clearing debris
 Excavated soil
 Hazardous waste
Include in the calculation:

 Wood waste into biofuel (Diverted)
 Waste-to-energy systems meeting the following:
 European Commission Waste Framework Directive
2008/98/EC
 European Commission Waste Incineration
Directive 2000/76/EC
 Facilities meet European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) EN 303 standards
 All other waste-to-energy systems (NOT Diverted)
122
DEFINITION
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION

DEBRIS includes waste and
recyclables generated from
construction and from the renovation,
demolition, or deconstruction of
preexisting structures. It does not
include land-cleaning debris, such as
soil, vegetation, and rocks.
DEFINITION
ALTERNATIVE DAILY COVER is

material (other than earthen
material) that is placed on the surface
of the active face of a municipal solid
waste landfill at the end of each
operating day to control vectors, fires,
odors, blowing litter, and scavenging.
123
EXAMP L E: CON ST RUCTION WAST E
QUESTION:
How is the total percentage of construction waste

diverted from the landfill calculated?
1. landfill waste ÷ recycled waste
2. (landfill waste + recycled waste) ÷ by recycled

waste
3. recycled waste ÷ [(landfill waste + recycled waste)
÷ recycled waste)]
CONSTRUCTION 4. recycled waste ÷ (landfill waste + recycled waste)
WA S T E
ANSWER:
M A N A G E M E N T:
SAMPLE QUESTION o landfill waste ÷ recycled waste
o (landfill waste + recycled waste) ÷ by recycled
waste
o recycled waste ÷ [(landfill waste + recycled waste)
÷ recycled waste)]
recycled waste ÷ (landfill waste + recycled waste)
124
MR Credit Building Life-cycle Impact Reduction
Building Life-cycle Impact Reduction 2-5 2-6 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5
Intent Requirements
 To encourage adaptive reuse and Option 1. Historic Building Reuse (5
optimize the environmental points)
performance of products and  Reuse a registered (or eligible) historic
materials. building structure, envelope, and
interior nonstructural elements, and
follow additional guidelines to
maintain historic character.
 National Registry of Historic Places

 Secretary of Interior’s Standards for
the Treatment of Historic Properties

Intent Requirements
 To encourage adaptive reuse and Option 2. Renovation of an Abandoned
optimize the environmental or Blighted Building (5 points)
performance of products and  Maintain 50% (surface area) of existing
materials. structure, enclosure, and interior
nonstructural elements of an
abandoned or blighted building.
 none
125
Intent Requirements
 To encourage adaptive reuse and Option 3. Building and Material Reuse
optimize the environmental (2-4 points)
performance of products and  Reuse or salvage building materials as
materials. a percentage of surface area.
 Materials counted for Option 3 can not
double count in MR Credit Material
Disclosure and Optimization
Reused Materials Points

25% 2
50% 3
75% 4

Intent Requirements
 To encourage adaptive reuse and Option 4. Whole-Building Life-Cycle Assessment
optimize the environmental (3 points)
 For partial or entire new construction, conduct
performance of products and
LCA of the project structure and enclosure.
materials. LCA must:
 Demonstrate 10% reduction from baseline
building in 3 of the following:
 Global Warming Potential (CO2e)
 Ozone Depletion (CFC-11)
 Acidification (SO2 or moles H+)
 Eutrophication (kg nitrogen or kg
 ISO 14044
phosphate)
 Tropospheric (lowest -spheric) ozone
formation (kg Nox or kg ethene)
 Depletion of nonrenewable energy (MJ)
 Not increase by more than 5% in any of
these impact categories
126

 Consider reusing existing, previously-occupied building  Owner
structures, envelopes and elements.  Architect
 Remove elements that pose a contamination risk to  LCA Analyst
building occupants  Preservation Specialist
 Upgrade components that would improve energy and
water efficiency such as windows, mechanical systems
and plumbing fixtures.
 When determining existing structural and envelope
elements accounted for use, calculate by surface area.
 Projects that have existing structural elements in the
project, but do not qualify for the credit can include
the reused portion in the Construction Waste
Management calculations as salvaged material.
 Healthcare projects have special accommodations to
allow for daylighting courtyards
EXAMP LE: BUIL DIN G AN D MAT ERIAL

REUS E
127
EXAMP L E: B UIL DIN G AN D M AT ERIAL
REUS E
QUESTION:
If the project’s existing structures included in the

LEED project do not qualify for the building reuse,
then the existing structure can contribute as which of
the following:
1. Sustainably sourced
2. Recycled content materials

3. Construction waste management
BUILDING 4. Materials reuse
L I F E C YC L E I M PA C T
REDUCTION: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
o Sustainably sourced
o Recycled content materials
Construction waste management
o Materials reuse
128
MR Credit Building Product Disclosure and Optimization –
Environmental Product Declarations
LEED Credit Intent LEED Credit Intent (EPD)
 To encourage the use of products and Environmental Product Declarations
materials for which life-cycle … from manufacturers who have verified improved
information is available and that have environmental life-cycle impacts.
environmentally, economically, and Sourcing of Raw Materials
socially preferable life-cycle impacts. … verified to have been extracted or sourced in a
responsible manner.
 To reward project teams for selecting Material Ingredients
products… … for which the chemical ingredients in the product
are inventoried using an accepted methodology and
for selecting products verified to minimize the use
and generation of harmful substances. To reward raw
material manufacturers who produce products
verified to have improved life-cycle impacts.

Sourcing of Raw Materials
responsible manner.
129
Material Ingredients
responsible manner.

MR Credit Building Product Disclosure and Optimization -
Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To encourage the use of products and Option 1. Environmental Product Declaration
materials for which life-cycle (EPD) (1 point)
 Use 20 products (note fractional
information is available and that have
contribution) as follows:
environmentally, economically, and  Product-specific Type III EPD – full credit
socially preferable life-cycle impacts. To per product
reward project teams for selecting  Industry-wide (generic) EPD – ½ credit
products from manufacturers who per product
have verified improved environmental  Third-party certified (ISO 14044) Life-
life-cycle impacts. Cycle Assessment (LCA) – ¼ credit per

product
 Other USGBC approved programs
 Must be from at least 5 manufacturers
 ISO 14044-2006, Environmental

Management, Life cycle assessment
requirements and guidelines
 ISO 14021, 14025, 14040, 21930
130
Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To encourage the use of products and Option 2. Multi-Attribute Optimization
 Permanently installed products in the project must be
materials for which life-cycle
50% (by cost) as follows:
information is available and that have
 Third-party certified products demonstrating an
environmentally, economically, and impact reduction (beyond industry average) in 3 or
socially preferable life-cycle impacts. To more:
reward project teams for selecting  Global Warming Potential (CO2e)
products from manufacturers who  Ozone Depletion (CFC-11)
have verified improved environmental  Acidification (SO2 or moles H+)
 Eutrophication (kg nitrogen or kg phosphate)
life-cycle impacts.
 Tropospheric ozone formation (kg Nox or kg
ethene)
 Depletion of nonrenewable energy (MJ)
 Materials purchased, manufactured, and extracted
 ISO 14044-2006, Environmental from within 100 miles are given double weighting
Management, Life cycle assessment as compliant products.
requirements and guidelines  Other qualifications might be approved by USGBC
 ISO 14021, 14025, 14040, 21930

 Environmental Product Declarations  Architect
(EPD) are a formal process of  Specification Writer
performing and reporting on Life  Contractor
Cycle Assessment (LCA).  Product Manufacturer
 Designers should research products
with EPDs or other third-party
verified LCA data.
 Cradle-to-Gate Assessment excludes
the disposal phase of the product life
cycle.
131
QUESTION:
Who is the primary responsible party to provide an

Environmental Product Declaration?
1. Architect
2. Consumer advocates
3. Product manufacturer
4. International Organization for Standardization
E N V I R O N M E N TA L
PRODUCT
ANSWER:
D E C L A R AT I O N S :
SAMPLE QUESTION 1. Architect
2. Consumer advocate
 Product manufacturer
4. International Organization for Standardization

Building Product Disclosure and Optimization –
1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To encourage the use of products and Option 1. Raw Material Source and Extraction
materials for which life cycle information Reporting
is available and that have  Use 20 products (note fractional contribution)
environmentally, economically, and with a publically released report from their raw
socially preferable life cycle impacts. To materials suppliers addressing the following:
 Extraction locations
reward project teams for selecting
 Long-term commitment to ecologically
products verified to have been extracted
or sourced in a responsible manner. responsible land use
 Commitment to reducing harms from
extraction and/or manufacturing
 Commitment to volunteer in programs that
 Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Sustainability address responsible sourcing criteria.
Report  Products count as follows:
 OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises  Third-party verified Corporate Sustainability
 UN Global Compact, Communication of Reports (CSR), meeting one of the approved
Progress frameworks. Full credit per product.
 ISO 26000-2010, Guidance on Social  Self-declared report. ½ credit per product.
Responsibility  Other USGBC approved programs
132
1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To encourage the use of products and Option 2. Leadership Extraction Practices
materials for which life cycle information  Use products meeting one or more
is available and that have responsible extraction criteria for at least
environmentally, economically, and 25% (by cost) of material.
socially preferable life cycle impacts. To  Extended producer responsibility
reward project teams for selecting  Bio-based material
products verified to have been extracted  Wood products
or sourced in a responsible manner.  Materials reuse
 Recycled content
 Other USGBC approved programs
 Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)  Materials purchased, manufactured, and
 ASTM Test Method D6866 extracted from within 100 miles are given
 ISO 14021-1999, Environmental Labels and double weighting as compliant products.
Declarations – Self Declared Environmental  Must be from at least 5 manufacturers
Claims (Type II Environmental Labeling)
Policy based approach to product

manufacturer’s environmental impacts,
addressing the product’s end of life.
CONTRIBUTING Programs accomplish two things:

PRODUCT 1. Shifts responsibility from the
AT T R I B U T E S building owner “upstream” to the
• Extended Producer producer and away from
Responsibility municipalities.
• Bio-based Materials 2. Creates an incentive for
• Wood Products manufacturers to take into account
• Material Reuse environmental impacts related to
• Recycled Content end of life when designing their
• Other Approved Programs products.
133
CONTRIBUTING
PRODUCT
AT T R I B U T E S
• Extended Producer
Responsibility
• Bio-based Materials
• Wood Products
• Material Reuse
• Recycled Content
• Other Approved Programs
CONTRIBUTING
PRODUCT
AT T R I B U T E S
Responsibility
• Wood Products
• Material Reuse
134
Qualifying Products are:
 Salvaged
 Refurbished
CONTRIBUTING  Reused
PRODUCT
AT T R I B U T E S
Responsibility
• Wood Products
• Material Reuse
 PRE-CONSUMER/POST-INDUSTRIAL
 Waste never owned by a consumer
 Examples: fly ash, walnut shells,
textile clippings, sawdust
 Cannot be reused in same
manufacturing process
 POST-CONSUMER
CONTRIBUTING  Waste owned by a consumer
PRODUCT  Examples: Tuna cans, plastic bottles,
AT T R I B U T E S newspapers
Responsibility
• Wood Products
• Material Reuse
135
CONTRIBUTING
PRODUCT
AT T R I B U T E S
•
•
•
•
•
•
Extended Producer
Responsibility
Bio-based Materials
Wood Products
Material Reuse
Recycled Content
Other Approved Programs
?
 Identify opportunities to incorporate products with  Architect
sustainably sourced raw material inputs.  Specification Writer
 Credit addresses leadership extraction practices for bio-  Contractor
based materials, wood products, reused or salvaged  Product Manufacturer
products, recycled content, and products from
manufacturers committed to extended producer
responsibility.
 When pursuing option 2, prioritize high dollar value
items first, as achievement is based on cost.
 For option 2, structure and enclosure materials can
count up to 30% of the value of compliant products.
136
QUESTION:
Sustainable Forestry is the practice of managing forests

to meet the long-term needs of humans while:
1. Maintaining competitive pricing with non-FSC-
certified wood products.
2. Saving endangered species trees.
3. Not removing more timber volume than what is
replaced for the cutting intervals.
4. Maintaining the biodiversity of forested landscapes.
SOURCING OF
ANSWER:
R AW M AT E R I A L S :
SAMPLE QUESTION o Maintaining competitive pricing with non-FSC-
certified wood products.
o Saving endangered species trees.
o Not removing more timber volume than what is
replaced for the cutting intervals.
Maintaining the biodiversity of forested
landscapes.

1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
To encourage the use of products and Option 1. Material ingredient reporting (1 point)
materials for which life-cycle information is  Use 20 products that demonstrate chemical
available and that have environmentally, inventory of their product to at least 0.1%:
economically, and socially preferable life-
 Manufacturer Inventory
cycle impacts. To reward project teams for
selecting products for which the chemical  Name and Chemical Abstract Service
ingredients in the product are inventoried Registration Number (CASRN). May be
using an accepted methodology and for withheld if role, amount, and GreenScreen
selecting products verified to minimize the v1.2 benchmark is used.
use and generation of harmful substances.
 Health Product Declaration (HPD)
To reward raw material manufacturers who
produce products verified to have improved  Cradle to Cradle (v2 Basic level or v3 Bronze)
life-cycle impacts.  Other USGBC approved program

 Health Product Declaration (HPD)
 Cradle-to-Cradle Certified™ Product
Standard
137
1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
To encourage the use of products and Option 2. Material ingredient optimization (1
materials for which life-cycle information is point)
available and that have environmentally,  Use products for a minimum 25% (by cost),
economically, and socially preferable life- meeting one of the following (note cost
cycle impacts. To reward project teams for multiplier):
selecting products for which the chemical
 GreenScreen v1.2 Benchmark with no
ingredients in the product are inventoried
using an accepted methodology and for benchmark hazards down to 100 ppm.
selecting products verified to minimize the  Any ingredient assessed – value at 100%
use and generation of harmful substances.  All ingredients assessed – value at 150%
To reward raw material manufacturers who  Cradle to Cradle V2 Gold or V3 Silver – 100%
produce products verified to have improved  Cradle to Cradle Platinum or V3 Gold – 150%
life-cycle impacts.  International ACP – REACH Optimization with
no substances of very high concern – 100%
 Other USGBC approved program
 Materials purchased, manufactured, and
 GreenScreen v1.2 Benchmark
 Cradle-to-Cradle Certified™ Product extracted from within 100 miles are given double
Standard weighting.

1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
To encourage the use of products and Option 3. Product Manufacturer Supply Chain
materials for which life-cycle information is Optimization (1 point)
available and that have environmentally,  Use products for a minimum 25% (by cost),
economically, and socially preferable life-
cycle impacts. To reward project teams for meeting the following:
selecting products for which the chemical  Sourced from manufacturers engaged in
ingredients in the product are inventoried validated safety, health, hazard, and risk
using an accepted methodology and for programs which document at least 99% (by
selecting products verified to minimize the weight) of the ingredients used to make
use and generation of harmful substances.
To reward raw material manufacturers who
the product.
produce products verified to have improved  Manufacturer has third-party verification
life-cycle impacts. of their supply chain.
 Materials purchased, manufactured, and
extracted from within 100 miles are given
double weighting as compliant products.
 none
138
 Structure and enclosure material can count up to 30% of  Architect
the value of compliant products.  Specification Writer
 Options 2 and 3 can be tallied together to reach the 25%
threshold  Contractor
 Supply chain verification should address:  Product Manufacturer
 Communication and transparent prioritization processes
are in place in the supply chain according to available
hazard, exposure, and use information to identify those
that require more detailed evaluation
 Process to identify, document, and communicate health,
safety, and environmental factors of chemical
ingredients
 Process to manage hazards and risks
 Process to optimize health, safety, and environmental
impacts
 Process to communicate, receive, and evaluate chemical
ingredient safety and stewardship information.
 Safety and stewardship info for chemicals is publically
available from all points
QUESTION:
Products with trade secret ingredients must provide

the following data (select 2):
1. Role of ingredient in final product
2. Life cycle data of product

3. GreenScreen benchmark
4. Contact information for suppliers
M AT E R I A L
ANSWER:
INGREDIENTS:
SAMPLE QUESTION  Role of ingredient in final product
2. Life cycle data of product
 GreenScreen benchmark
4. Contact information for suppliers
139
MR Credit Furniture and Medical Furnishings
(Healthcare Only)
 To enhance the environmental and human health
performance attributes associated with freestanding
furniture and medical furnishings.
MR Credit Design for Flexibility (Healthcare Only)

 Conserve resources associated with the construction
and management of buildings by designing for
flexibility and ease of future adaptation and for the
service life of components and assemblies.
NOT INCLUDED IN MR Prerequisite PBT Source Reduction – Mercury
(Healthcare Only)
LEED BD+C: NEW  To reduce mercury-containing products and devices
CONSTRUCTION and mercury release through product substitution,
capture, and recycling.
ADDITIONAL CREDITS
MR Credit Source Reduction – Mercury (Healthcare
Only)
 To reduce the release of Persistent Bioaccumulative
and Toxic (PBTs) chemicals associated with the life
cycle of building materials.
MR Credit PBT Source Reduction - Lead, Cadmium and

Copper (Healthcare Only)
 To reduce the release of Persistent Bioaccumulative
and Toxic (PBTs) chemicals associated with the life
cycle of building materials.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITY (EQ)
140
QUAN T IF YIN G HEALT H AN D P RODUCT ION
IN DOOR EN VIRON M ENTAL Q UAL IT Y

Minimum Indoor Air Quality
X X X X X X X X
Performance
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
X X X X X X X X
Control
Minimum Acoustic
X
Performance
141
IN DOOR EN VIRO N M ENTAL Q UAL IT Y
Enhanced Indoor Air Quality
1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Strategies
Low-emitting Materials 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3
Construction Indoor Air Quality
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Management Plan
Indoor Air Quality Assessment 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Thermal Comfort 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Interior Lighting 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Daylight 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-2
Quality Views 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Acoustic Performance 1 1 1 1 1 1
IN DOOR EN VIRON MENTAL QUAL IT Y

EQ Prerequisite Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance
EQ Credit Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies
Prerequisite Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance X X X X X X X X
Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2

 To contribute to the comfort and well- Mechanically Ventilated Spaces (Ventilation)
being of building occupants by
establishing minimum standards for Option 1. ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010
 Use ASHRAE 62.1-2010 to establish
indoor air quality (IAQ) minimum outdoor air intake flow using the
Ventilation Rate Procedure and follow
Sections 4-7 (or local code if more stringent)
Option 2. CEN Standards EN 15251-2007 and

EN 13779-2007
 Non-US projects only
 ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010, Ventilation for
Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (with errata)
 CEN Standard EN 15251-2007
 CEN Standard EN 13779-2007
142

 To contribute to the comfort and well- Mechanically Ventilated Spaces (Monitoring)
establishing minimum standards for Variable air volume (VAV) systems
 Provide direct outdoor air intake monitoring
indoor air quality (IAQ) with an alarm if airflow varies by more than
15% from setpoint
Constant-volume systems
 Balance outdoor airflow to at least the
design minimum of ASHRAE 62.1-2010 and
install a current transducer.


 To contribute to the comfort and well- Naturally Ventilated Spaces (Ventilation)
establishing minimum standards for  Determine minimum air opening and space
configuration requirements using natural
indoor air quality (IAQ) ventilation procedure from ASHRAE 62.1-
2010 (or local code if more stringent)
 Follow ASHRAE 62.1-2010 Section 4 (or local
code if more stringent)
 Confirm natural ventilation will be effective
using CIBSE AM10
 CIBSE Applications Manual AM10, March
2005
143

 To contribute to the comfort and well- Naturally Ventilated Spaces (Monitoring)
establishing minimum standards for  Measure the exhaust airflow and have an
alarm if the it varies by more than 15% from
indoor air quality (IAQ) setpoint
 Automatic indication devices for windows
and other operable devices used to meet
minimum requirements with an alarm if any
opening is closed during occupied hours.
 CO2 monitoring in each thermal zone from
3-6 feet (900 to 1800 millimeters) above the
 ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010, Ventilation for floor. CO2 monitors to have visual or audio
Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (with errata) indicator (or alert to the building
automation system) if CO2 levels vary by
10% from setpoint (calculated using ASHRAE
62.1-2010


 To contribute to the comfort and well- Residential Requirements (additional)
 No unvented combustion appliances (e.g.
being of building occupants by decorative logs)
establishing minimum standards for  Carbon monoxide (CO) monitors in each floor of
indoor air quality (IAQ) each unit

 Indoor fireplaces and woodstoves have solid
glass enclosures or sealing doors
 Indoor fireplaces or woodstoves that are not
closed combustion or power-vented must pass
a backdraft potential test to show less than 5 Pa
depressurization of the combustion appliance
zone
 Combustion-based space- and water-heating
Radon-resistant construction techniques, use the must be closed combustion, have power-vented
most stringent of:
 EPA Building Radon Out
exhaust, or located in a detached utility building
 NFPA 5000, Chapter 49 or open-air facility.
 International Residential Code, Appendix F  Projects in high-risk radon areas must use
 CABO, Appendix F radon-resistant construction techniques for
 ASTM E1465 units up to the 4th floor.
 Local equivalent
144

 To promote occupants’ comfort, well- Option 1. Enhanced IAQ Strategies (1 point)
being, and productivity by improving Comply with all applicable requirements for:
indoor air quality. Mechanically Naturally Mixed-
ventilated ventilated mode
Entryway systems X X X
Interior cross-
contamination X X
prevention
Filtration X X
 ASHRAE Standard 52.2-2007
 CEN Standard EN 779-2002 Natural ventilation
X X
 ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 design calculations
 CIBSE Applications Manual AM10, March Mixed-mode design
X
2005 calculations
 CIBSE Applications Manual 13, 2000

Spaces to Address
(A) Entryway systems
 Permanent entryway systems at least 10 feet (3 meters) length in the primary direction of travel. Can
include grates, grilles, slotted systems, rollout mats, and other entryway systems with equal or better
performance.
 Warehouse projects do not need entryway systems between the exterior and the loading dock, but do
require entryway systems between loading docks and office areas
 Additional requirement, LEED for Healthcare: Pressurized entryway vestibules at high-volume
entrances
(B) Interior cross-contamination prevention
 Chemical use or storage areas must be negatively pressurized compared to adjacent spaces and have
self-closing doors and deck-to-deck partitions or a hard lid ceiling
(C) Filtration
 Outside air supply systems must have filters at meeting at least MERV 13 or Class F7
 Replace all filters after construction, prior to occupancy
(D) Natural ventilation design calculations
 Document use of appropriate strategies using CIBSE Applications Manual AM10
(E) Mixed-mode design calculations
 Comply with CIBSE Applications Manual AM13-2000
145
Intent Requirements
 To promote occupants’ comfort, well- Option 2. Additional Enhanced IAQ Strategies
being, and productivity by improving (1 point)
indoor air quality. Comply with all applicable requirements for:
Mechanically Naturally Mixed-
ventilated ventilated mode
Exterior contamination
X X X
prevention
Increased ventilation X X
Carbon dioxide
X
monitoring
 ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010
 CIBSE Applications Manual AM10, March Additional source
X X X
2005 control and monitoring
 National Ambient Air Quality Standards Natural ventilation room
X X
(NAAQS) by room calculations

Additional Enhanced IAQ Strategies
(A) Exterior contamination prevention
 Design project to minimize the entry of pollutants into the building. Demonstrate results using
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling, Gaussian dispersion analyses, wind tunnel modeling, or
tracer gas modeling that contamination is less than the maximum concentration.
 Pollutants include those regulated by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and are
compared against annual averages, 8-hour or 24-hour average when an annual standard doesn’t exist,
or a rolling 3-month average
 Maximum concentrations are set by NAAQS, or local equivalent for non-US projects
(B) Increased ventilation
 Exceed outdoor air supply by at least 30% compared to the prerequisite
(C) Carbon dioxide monitoring
 CO2 monitoring in each densly occupied space from 3-6 feet (900 to 1800 millimeters) above the floor.
CO2 monitors to have visual or audio indicator (or alert to the building automation system) if CO2 levels
vary by 10% from setpoint (calculated using ASHRAE 62.1-2010)
(D) Additional source control and monitoring
 Where contaminants are likely, evaluate potential sources beyond CO2.
 Implement a materials-handling plan to reduce risk of release
 Include a monitor to detect specific contaminants, with alarm if any unusual or unsafe conditions arise
(E) Natural ventilation room-by-room calculations
 Follow CIBSE AM10, Section 4, Design Calculations
146

 Projects using ASHRAE 62.1-2010 should use the  Mechanical Engineer
Ventilation Rate Procedure, not the Indoor Air Quality  Architect
Procedure
 Design ventilation systems to meet or exceed the
minimum outdoor air ventilation rates as described in
the ASHRAE standard, based on the occupancy and
space types.
 Balance the impacts of ventilation rates on energy use
and indoor air quality to optimize for both energy
efficiency and occupant comfort.
 Implement energy recovery systems, such as
economizers and low-pressure-drop design
 Integrate building automation systems
 Inadequate ventilation can cause illness and liability
risks for the building owner.
EXAMP L E: N AT URAL VEN T IL AT ION
147
QUESTION:
The minimum ventilation rate for mechanically

ventilated spaces is determined by:
1. ASHRAE 62.1-2010, Section 6, Indoor Air Quality
Procedure
2. ASHRAE 90.1-2010
3. ASHRAE 62.1-2010, Section 6, Ventilation Rate
Procedure
4. ASHRAE 52.1-2010, Section 4, Rate Procedure
Ventilation: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
o ASHRAE 62.1-2010, Section 6, Indoor Air Quality
Procedure
o ASHRAE 90.1-2010
 ASHRAE 62.1-2010, Section 6, Ventilation Rate
Procedure
o ASHRAE 52.1-2010, Section 4, Rate Procedure

EQ Prerequisite Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control
Prerequisite Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control X X X X X X X X
Intent Requirements
 To prevent or minimize exposure of All Projects
 Prohibit smoking outside except in
building occupants, indoor surfaces,
designated areas, at least 25 feet (7.5
and ventilation air distribution systems
meters) from all entries, outdoor air intakes,
to environmental tobacco smoke. and operable windows.
 Prohibit smoking outside property line in
spaces used for business purposes (e.g.
sidewalk sale)
 Include no-smoking signage (stating policy)
within 10 feet (3 meters) of all building
entrances.
All Nonresidential Projects

 No smoking in the building
148
Prerequisite Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control X X X X X X X X
Intent Requirements
 To prevent or minimize exposure of Residential Projects Only
building occupants, indoor surfaces, Option 1. No Smoking
 Same as nonresidential
and ventilation air distribution systems
Option 2. Compartmentalization of Smoking
to environmental tobacco smoke. Areas
 Prohibit smoking inside all common areas.
 Prevent excessive leakage between units
 Weather-strip exterior doors and
operable windows
 Weather-strip doors between unit and
common hallways
 Minimize uncontrolled pathways by
sealing penetrations and chases adjacent
to the units
 Maximum leakage rate of 0.23 cubic feet
per minute (1.17 liters per second per
square meter) at 50 Pa of enclosure


 If the 25 feet (7.5 meters) requirement cannot be  Owner
implemented due to local code, provide a copy of the  Mechanical Engineer
code in the LEED submission.  Architect
 LEED for Schools projects have increased stringency, no
on-property smoking, period. Signage required at
property line.
 Residential projects with indoor smoking areas must
prohibit smoking in common areas using the building
rental/lease agreement or condo/coop association
covenants and restrictions.
 Develop a non-smoking policy detailing where
environmental tobacco smoke is not allowed in the
building or on the building site
 Locate designated smoking area at least 25 feet away
from openings into building, and areas where there may
be large amounts of people walking by.
149
QUESTION:
If there is a designated smoking area outside the
building it must be at least 25 feet away from the
building’s _________(select 3):
1. Operable windows
2. Inoperable windows
3. Entries
4. Outdoor air intakes
5. Sitting area outside for building occupants
6. Playgrounds
ETS Control: ANSWER:

SAMPLE QUESTION
 Operable windows
o Inoperable windows
 Entries
 Outdoor air intakes
o Sitting area outside for building occupants
o Playgrounds

EQ Credit Acoustic Performance
Acoustic Performance 1 n/a 1 n/a 1 1 1 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To provide workspaces and classrooms HVAC Background Noise
that promote occupants’ well-being,  Meet background noise requirements of the
productivity, and communications most stringent:

 2011 ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC
through effective acoustic design.
Applications, Chapter 48, Table 1
 AHRI Standard 885-2008, Table 15
 Local equivalent
 Meet design criteria for HVAC noise levels
from sound transmission paths from ASHRAE
2011 Applications Handbook, Table 6 (or
local equivalent)
 ASHRAE 2011, HVAC Applications Handbook Sound Transmission

 Measurement devices must meet ANSI S1.4  Meet composite sound transmission class
for type 1 (precision) or type 2 (general (STCC) ratings, or local code, whichever is
purpose) devices, or local equivalent more stringent
150
Acoustic Performance 1 1 1 1 1 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To provide workspaces and classrooms Reverberation Time
that promote occupants’ well-being,  Meet reverberation time requirements
productivity, and communications listed in credit requirements
through effective acoustic design. depending on room type and
application.
Sound Reinforcement and Masking

Systems
 For all large conference rooms and
auditoriums seating over 50 people,
 ASHRAE 2011, HVAC Applications Handbook
determine if sound reinforcement and
AV playback capabilities are needed.
 Masking system design levels must not
exceed 48 dBA.


 Additional prerequisite requirements apply to LEED for  Acoustical Consultant
Schools  Architect
 HVAC Background Noise  Mechanical Engineer
 Exterior Noise
 Reverberation Time
 Classrooms and Core Learning Spaces
 LEED for Schools credit addresses HVAC background
noise (beyond prerequisite levels) and Sound
Transmission for Classrooms and other Core Learning
Spaces.
 LEED for Healthcare has expanded credit requirements
due to the sensitive nature of some conversations in a
healthcare setting, and how acoustics can contribute to
occupant well-being.
151
QUESTION:
Acoustic Performance requires project teams to
address which of the following? (select 3):
1. Sound Transmission
2. Background Noise
3. White Noise
4. Mechanical Equipment Noise
5. Humidity Levels
6. Startling Noises
Acoustic
Performance: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
 Sound Transmission
 Background Noise
3. White Noise
 Mechanical Equipment Noise
5. Humidity Levels
6. Startling Noises

EQ Credit Low-Emitting Materials
Intent Requirements
 To reduce concentrations of chemical Option 1. Product Category Calculations
 Comply with 2 or more of the up to 7
contaminants that can damage air
categories.
quality, human health, productivity,
and the environment. Option 2. Budget Calculation Method
 If some products in a category don’t meet
requirements, calculate percentage
compliance using a weighted average.
Points correspond to number of compliant categories

NC, CS, R, DC, WDC & HOS Schools & Healthcare
Points Furniture No Furniture Furniture No Furniture
1 3 2 4 3
2 5 4 6 5
3 6 5 7 6
152
Category Emissions and Content Requirements

 Interior paints and coatings applied on General emissions evaluation (90% by volume,
100% for flooring, ceilings, walls, thermal, and
site (general and additional) acoustic insulation)
 Interior adhesives and sealants applied  Products must comply with CDPH Standard
Method v1.1-2010.
on site (general and additional)  Non-US projects can also use products meeting
 Flooring (general only) the German AgBB Testing and Evaluation
 Ceilings, walls, thermal, and acoustic Scheme (2010)
insulation (general only) Additional VOC content requirements for wet-
applied products (100%)
 Paints and coatings must meet either:
 VOC limits of CARB 2007 SCM
 OR
 CDPH Standard Method v1.1-2010  SCAQMD Rule 1113, June 3 2011
 OR
 AgBB-2010  National VOC control regulations for non-US
 SCAQMD Rule 1113 projects (e.g. Canadian VOC Concentration
 Canadian VOC Concentration Limits for Limits for Architectural Coatings)
Architectural Coatings  Adhesives and sealants
 SCAQMD Rule 1168  SCAQMD Rule 1168, July 1 2005 (or national
VOC control regulations for non-US projects)

Category Emissions and Content Requirements

 Composite wood Composite wood evaluation (100%)
 Composite wood must use only ultra-low-
 Furniture (if included in scope) emitting formaldehyde (ULEF) or no added
 Exterior applied products (Healthcare formaldehyde
and Schools only) Furniture evaluation (90% by cost)
 Tested in accordance with ANSI/BIFMA
Standard Method M7.1-2011.
 Comply with ANSI/BIFMA e3-2011 Furniture
Sustainability Standard (sections 7.6.1 and
7.6.2)
Exterior applied products (90% by volume)
 Outdoor applied adhesives, sealants,
 CARB 93120 ATCM
coatings, roofing, and waterproofing
 ANSI/BIFMA M7.1 Standard Method for materials must meet VOC limits of:
Determining VOC Emissions from Office  CARB 2007 SCM for Architectural
Furniture Systems, Components and Seating Coatings
 ANSI/BIFMA e3-2011 Furniture Sustainability  AND
Standard  SCAQMD Rule 1168
 Hot-mopped asphalt roofing and coal tar
sealants for parking lots are prohibited.
153

 Establish a goal during early design and specify  Contractor
compliant products in construction documents.  Specification Writer
 Ensure that VOC criteria are clearly stated in each
section of the specification where applicable  Architect
products are addressed.
 Building Interior means everything within the
waterproofing membrane, while exterior products Assembly Products
include everything outside, and the primary and • Assembly products that are 90%
secondary weatherproofing system or more compliant (by weight),
 During construction, review product literature, it counts as 100% compliant.
signed attestations or other official literature from • Assembly products that are less
the manufacturer clearly identifying the VOC than 50% compliant (by weight),
contents or compliance with referenced standards. are considered 0% compliant.
Inherently nonemitting sources (including stone,

ceramic, etc.) automatically comply if they don’t
contain any integral organic-based surface coatings,
binders, or sealants
Definition
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND
(VOCs) react with sunlight and
nitrogen oxide (NOx) to form ground-
level ozone. Ground-level ozone
damages lung tissue, reduces lung
function, and makes lungs more
sensitive to other irritants, and also is
a major component of smog.
154
QUESTION:
The specification writer for a LEED BD+C: Core & Shell

project is writing performance criteria for interior paints
used in the shared common areas. Which of the following
are important considerations when considering indoor
environmental quality (select 2)?
1. VOC Content
2. VOC Emissions
3. Daylight Factor
4. Color
5. Ease of cleaning
Low Emitting
Materials: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
 VOC Content
 VOC Emissions
3. Daylight Factor
4. Color
5. Ease of cleaning

EQ Credit Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan
NC CS Schools Retail DC WDC HOS HC
APPLIES 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Intent Requirements
 To promote the well-being of  Develop an indoor air quality (IAQ) plan for
construction workers and building construction and preoccupancy phases of
the building
occupants by minimizing indoor air
 Meet or exceed Control Measures from
quality problems associated with SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied
construction and renovation. Buildings Under Construction, 2nd edition,
2007
 Protect absorptive materials from moisture
damage
 Install MERV 8 or class F5 at return air grille
 Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning National and return or transfer duct inlet opening for
Contractors Association (SMACNA) IAQ any equipment that will be operated during
Guidelines for Occupied Buildings under construction. Install final design filtration
Construction, 2nd edition, 2007 (chapter 3) media immediately prior to occupancy.
 ASHRAE 52.2-2007  Prohibit use of tobacco inside the building
 CEN Standard EN 779-2002 and within 25 feet (7.5 meters) of building
entrance during construction
155
EQ Credit Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan

 LEED for Healthcare is different, due to the unique  Contractor
challenges inherent in a healthcare setting.  Specification Writer
 Adopt an IAQ management plan to protect the heating,
ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system during
construction, control pollutant sources and interrupt
contamination pathways.
 Provide training for subcontractors and installers.
 Sequence the installation of materials to avoid
contamination of absorptive materials, such as
insulation, carpeting, ceiling tile and gypsum wallboard.
 Coordinate with IEQ Credit 3.2: Construction IAQ
Management Plan — Before Occupancy and IEQ Credit
5: Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control to
determine the appropriate specifications and schedules
for filtration media.
 If possible, avoid using permanently installed air
handlers for temporary heating/cooling during
construction.
EXAMPLE: IAQ DURING CONSTRUCTION
156
QUESTION:
The intention to protect installed and on-site

absorptive material, such as gypsum board, is to
prevent:
1. Sunlight damage
2. Fluctuations in temperatures in the building
3. Moisture damage
4. Other contractors using the material
Construction IAQ
Management: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
o Sunlight damage
o Fluctuations in temperatures in the building
 Moisture damage
o Other contractors using the material

EQ Credit Indoor Air Quality Assessment
Indoor Air Quality Assessment 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To establish better quality indoor air in Option 1. (1 point) - Flush-out with
the building after construction and 14,000 cu.ft. of outdoor air per sq.ft. prior
during occupancy. to occupancy
 Maintain temperature between 60 F to
80 F (15 C to 27 C)
 Keep relative humidity no higher than
60%
 Occupancy can begin after 3,500
 Credit must be performed after cu.ft/sq.ft.
construction ends and the building has
been completely cleaned with all
interior finishes and movable
furnishings installed, and major VOC
punch list items have been completed.
157
Indoor Air Quality Assessment 1-2 N/A 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To establish better quality indoor air in Option 2. Air Testing (2 points)
 Perform air quality testing to show airborne
the building after construction and contaminants do not exceed maximum levels:
during occupancy.  Formaldehyde
 27 parts per billion
 Particulates (PM10)
 50 micrograms per cubic meter
 Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs)
 Target chemicals from CDPH Standard
Method v1.1 (except formaldehyde)
 Refer to table 4-1 in reference standard
 Air contamination testing standards:  Carbon monoxide
 EPA Compendium of Methods IP-1, IP-3,  9 parts per million (ppm) and no more
IP-6, IP-10, TO-1, TO-11, TO-15, TO-17 than 2 ppm above ambient
 ISO 16000-3, 16000-6, 4224, 7708, 13964  Projects in EPA nonattainment areas (or local
equivalent) must also test for:
 ASTM D5197-0e91, D5149-02(2008)
 Ozone
 CDPH Standard Method v1.1-2010  0.075 ppm
 Particulates (PM2.5)


 The flush-out is often used where occupancy is not  Contractor
required immediately upon substantial completion of  Mechanical Engineer
construction.  Industrial Hygienist
 IAQ testing can minimize schedule impacts but may
have greater risk (of non compliance) and cost.
 Air quality tests can be repeated until acceptable results
are achieved. Only the noncompliant areas need to be
retested.
 All air quality testing must be before occupancy, but
during normal occupied hours, with the building
ventilation system started on a normal schedule at
minimum outdoor airflow rates.
158
QUESTION:
Which of the following would be factors that would

encourage a project to undergo air quality testing
instead of a flush-out: (select 2)
1. Ambient humidity is near zero and temperatures are
between 60F and 80F (15C and 27C)
2. Ambient levels of CO2 are 9.3 ppm
3. Construction is behind schedule, and future tenants
are ready to move in immediately
4. The projected LEED certification level is teetering
between silver and gold
Indoor Air Quality
Assessment: ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
1. Ambient humidity is near zero and temperatures
are between 60F and 80F (15C and 27C)
2. Ambient levels of CO2 are 9.3 ppm
 Construction is behind schedule, and future
tenants are ready to move in immediately
 The projected LEED certification level is
teetering between silver and gold

EQ Credit Thermal Comfort
Thermal Comfort 1 N/A 1 1 1 1 1 1
Intent Requirements
 To promote occupants’ productivity, Design Option 1. ASHRAE Standard 55-2010
 Design HVAC and envelope to meet
comfort, and well-being by providing
ASHRAE 55-2010
quality thermal comfort.
 Natatoriums (swimming pools) need to
meet ASHRAE HVAC Applications
Handbook
 ASHRAE 55-2010, Thermal Environmental Design Option 2. ISO and CEN Standards
Conditions for Human Occupancy  HVAC and envelop must meet
 ISO 7730-2005, Ergonomics of the thermal requirements of applicable standard:
environment
 ISO 7730-2005, Ergonomics of the
 EN 15251:2007, Indoor environmental input
parameters for design and assessment of Thermal Environment
energy performance of buildings addressing  CEN Standard EN 15251:2007, Indoor
indoor air quality, thermal environment, Environmental Input Parameters for
lighting and acoustics Design and Assessment of Energy
 ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook, 2011 Performance of Buildings
edition, Chapter 5, Places of Assembly,
Typical Natatorium Design Conditions
159
Thermal Comfort 1 N/A 1 1 1 1 1 1
Intent Requirements
 To promote occupants’ productivity, Control (both options)
comfort, and well-being by providing  Provide individual thermal comfort controls
for 50% of individual occupant spaces.
quality thermal comfort.
 Provide group controls for all shared
multioccupant spaces.
What Counts as a Control?

Allow the occupant to adjust of
one or more of the following:
 Air temperature
 Radiant temperature
 Air speed
 Humidity


 Establish comfort criteria according to ASHRAE 55 or  Mechanical Engineer
ISO and CEN Standards that support the desired quality  Controls Contractor
and occupant satisfaction with building performance.
 Design the building envelope and systems with the
capability to meet the comfort criteria under expected
environmental and use conditions.
 Consider via an integrative approach:
 air temperature
 radiant temperature
 air speed
 relative humidity
 Coordinate these criteria with other EQ credits and EA
Credit Optimize Energy Performance
160
Quantity of Individual Workstations Quantity of Thermal Comfort Controls Percentage of Workstations Provided with
(Includes Private Offices and Cubicles) Provided Controls (%)
12 10 83
Multi-Occupant Space ID/Name Brief Description of Installed Comfort Controls
Wild Life & Horticulture Commons - Fan powered, parallel, variable air volume terminal unit with hot water reheat coil. Each
Room 15200 teacher has ability to vary the temperature set point up or down 2 degrees at the
thermostat.
Conference Room - Room 15118C Fan powered, parallel, variable air volume terminal unit with hot water reheat. Each
teacher has ability to vary the temperature set point up or down 2 degrees at the
thermostat.
Commons - Room 15126 (2) staged single zone VAV air handlers with hot water preheat coil, chilled water coil and
reheat coil. Room temperature set point is maintained at EMCS level; however, manual
over ride is located in each space for additional control.
Arena Area - Room 15107 (2) staged single zone VAV air handlers with hot water preheat coil, chilled water coil and
reheat coil. Room temperature set point is maintained at EMCS level; however, manual
over ride is located in each space for additional control.
Foyer - Room 15101 Fan powered, parallel, variable air volume terminal unit with hot water reheat coil. Each
teacher has ability to vary the temperature set point up or down 2 degrees at the
thermostat.
EXAMP L E: T HERM AL COM FORT CON T ROL S
QUESTION:
An office employee can be included in the count of building

occupants that has control over her own thermal comfort in
which scenario ? (Select 2):
1. She has a private office with a thermostat on the wall
2. She has a desk in an open-floor cubicle office and shares
a thermostat with 6 other workers
3. She has an individual vent under her desk which she can
open and close
4. She teaches in a classroom in a wing of the school that
is controlled by one thermostat setting
Thermal Comfort: ANSWER:

SAMPLE QUESTION
 She has a private office with a thermostat on the
wall
o She has a desk in an open-floor cubicle office and
shares a thermostat with 6 other workers
 She has an individual vent under her desk which
she can open and close
o She teaches in a classroom in a wing of the school
that is controlled by one thermostat setting
161
EQ Credit Interior Lighting
Interior Lighting 1-2 n/a 1-2 2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1
Intent Requirements
 To promote occupants’ productivity, Option 1. Lighting Control (1 point)
comfort, and well-being by providing  Provide individual lighting controls for
high-quality lighting. at least 90% of occupant spaces
 Must allow for at least 3 levels or
scenes (on, off, midlevel)
 Shared multioccupant spaces must:
 Have multizone control systems
with at least 3 levels or scenes
 Lighting for presentation or
 none projection wall must be separate
 Have direct line of sight from
switches to luminaires

Interior Lighting 1-2 n/a 1-2 2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1
Intent Requirements
Option 2. Lighting Quality (1 point)
 To promote occupants’ productivity, Choose four strategies:
comfort, and well-being by providing A. Regularly occupied spaces use fixtures with less than
2,500 cd/m2 between 45 and 90 degrees from nadir
high-quality lighting. (excepting wallwash fixtures, indirect fixtures, and other
specific applications such as adjustable fixtures
B. Use light sources with 80 CRI or higher (excepting colored
lighting for effect, site lighting, and other special uses)
C. At least 75% of connected lighting load must have a rated
life (or L70 for LED) of 24,000 hours
D. Use direct-only overhead lighting for 25% or less of the
total connected lighting load in regularly occupied areas
E. For 90% of regularly occupied floor area meet average
reflectances:
 The Lighting Handbook, 10th edition,  85% ceilings
 60% walls
Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)  25% floor
F. If furniture is included in scope, achieve 45% or higher
average surface reflectance for work surfaces and 50% for
movable partitions
G. For 75% of regularly occupied floor area, meet ratio of
average wall illuminance to work surface illuminance of
1:10 or less.
H. For 75% of regularly occupied floor area, meet ratio of
average ceiling illuminance to work surface illuminance of
1:10 or less.
162

 Provide task lighting for individual occupant spaces  Lighting Designer
 Needs to include at least a mid-level setting, and  Controls Contractor
achieve at least 3 “scenes” (on/mid/off)  Architect
 For shared multi-occupant spaces, consider dimming  Electrical Engineer
switches, bi-level switching, and control panels the
allow for multiple scenes.
 For Classrooms, a minimum of two levels of lighting
is required
Conference
Room
General Store
Aquaculture Lab
Commons
EXAM P L E: L IGHT ING CON T ROL S
163
Administrative Offices and Other Regularly Occupied Spaces Lighting Control
Quantity of Individual Quantity of Individual Workstation Percentage of Workstations
Workstations(Includes Private Lighting Controls Provided Provided with Controls (%)
Offices and Cubicles)
12 12 100.0
Shared Multi-Occupant Spaces (Non-Classroom)

Multi-Occupant Space ID/Name Description of Installed Lighting Controls
Aquaculture Lab - Room 15120B 6" recessed down lights controlled by multizone controller/dimmer
Conference Room - Room 15118C 2'x4' lay-in troffer light fixtures with dual level switching and occupancy
sensor
Commons - Room 15126 Highbay fixtures with 8-32 watt CFL lamps controlled by dual level switching
in space and multiple pole lighting contactor. Contactor is controlled based
on a time of day schedule through the DDC system.
General Store - Room 15116 Pendant mounted fixtures with 32 watt CFL lamps controlled by dimmer
switch in space and a multiple pole contactor. Contactor is controlled based
on a time of day schedule through the DDC system.
EXAMPLE: LIGHTING CONTROLS
QUESTION:
Which of the following scenarios would comply with the

Lighting Control option of EQ Credit Interior Lighting? (Select
2):
1. A classroom with daylighting sensors
2. An open-floor cubicle office where each desk has an
on/off task-light
3. A classroom with a dimmer switch on the wall by the
door
4. A conference room with bi-level switching
5. A bathroom with an occupancy sensor
Interior Lighting: ANSWER:

SAMPLE QUESTION
o A classroom with daylighting sensors
o An open-floor cubicle office where each desk has
an on/off task-light
 A classroom with a dimmer switch on the wall
by the door
 A conference room with bi-level switching
o A bathroom with an occupancy sensor
164
EQ Credit Daylight
Daylight 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To connect building occupants with the All Options: Provide glare control for all regularly
occupied spaces
outdoors, reinforce circadian rhythms,
and reduce the use of electrical Option 1. Simulation, Spatial Daylight Autonomy
and Annual Sunlight Exposure (2-3 points)
lighting by introducing daylight into the  Complete daylight model to show spatial
space daylight autonomy of at least 55% (2 points)
or 75% (3 points) is achieved using regularly
occupied floor area
 Computer model must show than annual
sunlight exposure of no more than 10% is
achieved for daylit areas
 IES Lighting Measurements (LM) 83-12 Option 2. Simulation: Illuminance Calculations (1-
 The Lighting Handbook, 10th edition, 2 points)
 Complete daylight model to show between
Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) 300 lux and 3,000 lux for 75% (1 point) or
90% (2 points) of regularly occupied floor
area
Option 3. Measurement (2-3 points)
 Achieve between 300 lux and 3,000 lux for
75% (2 points) or 90% (3 points) of regularly
occupied floor area

EQ Credit Daylight

 Design the building to maximize interior daylighting.  Owner
 Strategies to consider include:  Architect
 Building orientation  Daylight Modeler
 Shallow floor plates
 Increased building perimeter
 Exterior and interior permanent shading devices
 High-performance glazing
 High-ceiling reflectance values
 Automatic photocell-based controls
 Predict daylight factors via manual calculations or
model daylighting strategies with a physical or
computer model to assess lux levels and spatial daylight
autonomy achieved.
 Footcandle is another common unit of illuminance, like
lux, and can be converted directly with 1 footcandle is
equal to approximately 10.76 lux.
165
QUESTION:
Providing occupants with access to daylight

could…(select 3):
1. Increase energy demand of the building
2. Increase CO2 levels
3. Decrease energy demand of the building
4. Increase productivity and happiness
5. Create better indoor air quality
Daylight: ANSWERANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
 Increase energy demand of the building
o Increase CO2 levels
 Decrease energy demand of the building
 Increase productivity and happiness
o Create better indoor air quality

EQ Credit Quality Views
Quality Views 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1-2
Intent Requirements
 To give building occupants a  Achieve direct line of sight to outdoors for
connection to the natural outdoor 75% of regularly occupied floor area through
vision glazing
environment by providing quality
 At least 75% of regularly occupied floor area
views. must have at least 2:
 Multiple lines of sight to vision glazing at
least 90 degrees apart
 Views including at least 2:
 Flora, fauna, or sky
 Movement
 Windows and Offices: A Study of Office  Objects at least 25 feet (7.5 meters)
Worker Performance and the Indoor from the glazing.
Environment  Unobstructed views located within 3x the
head height of the vision glazing
 Views with a factor of 3 or more in
Windows and Offices; A Study of Office
Worker Performance and the Indoor
Environment
166
EQ Credit Quality Views

 Vision glazing provides a clear image of the exterior, not  Architect
obstructed by frits, fibers, patterned glazing, or added tints  Landscape Architect
that distort color balance
 Include any permanent interior obstructions  Interior Designer
 Exclude movable furniture and partitions
 Views into interior atria may be used to meet up to 30% of
required area
 Design the space to maximize daylighting and view
opportunities.
 The location of interior walls in regularly occupied spaces
will have the greatest impact on views. Locate regularly
occupied spaces along the building perimeter to maximize
views.
 Other strategies to consider include lower partitions,
interior shading devices to minimize glare, interior glazing
and automatic photocell-based controls.
 Use Direct Line of Site to Perimeter Vision Glazing to
determine the calculated area of regularly occupied areas
with views.
QUESTION:
Which of the following areas would count against the

project when assessing compliance with Views for LEED:
1. A person has to look through interior glazing to see
out a window
2. A person sits more than 30 feet from a window but
has a direct line of sight
3. The sill of a clerestory window that runs along three
sides of an office is located 10ft above the floor
4. A janitor’s office does not have access to views
Quality Views: ANSWER:

SAMPLE QUESTION
1. A person has to look through interior glazing to
see out a window
2. A person sits more than 30 feet from a window
but has a direct line of sight
3. The sill of a clerestory window that runs along
three sides of an office is located 10ft above the
floor
 A janitor’s office does not have access to views
167
+ INNOVATION (IN)
& INTEGRATIVE PROCESS (IP)
INNOVATION
INNOVATION NC CS S R DC WDC HO HC EP.
Innovation 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5
LEED® Accredited Professional 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
INTEGRATIVE PROCESS NC CS S R DC WDC HO HC EP.

Prerequisite Integrative Project
X
Planning and Design
Integrative Process 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
168
INNOVATION
IN Credit Innovation
Innovation 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5
Intent Requirements
 To encourage projects to Option 1. Innovation (1-3 points)
achieve exceptional or  Identify following in writing:
innovative performance.  Intent of innovation credit
 Proposed requirement for
compliance
 Proposed submittals to
demonstrate compliance
 Design approach (strategies)
used to meet requirements
INNOVATION
Innovation 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5
Intent Requirements
 To encourage projects to Option 2. Pilot (1-3 points)
achieve exceptional or  Achieve one pilot credit from
innovative performance. USGBC’s LEED Pilot Credit Library
169
INNOVATION
Innovation 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5
Intent Requirements
 To encourage projects to Option 3. Exemplary Performance (1-2
achieve exceptional or points)
innovative performance.  Eligible credits listed in
Reference Guide, some rules of
thumb:
 Double credit requirements
 (20%  40%)
 Next incremental threshold
 (5%, 10%  15%)
INNOVATION

 Apply strategies or measures that demonstrate a  Architect
comprehensive approach and quantifiable environment  Owner
and/or health benefits.  MEP
 Substantially exceed an existing credit such as energy  Design Team
performance.
 Review the Pilot Credit Library to identify strategies that
would be applicable to your project.
 Using multiple options is required to earn all Innovation
points.
170
QUESTION:
When submitting for an Innovation in Design Credit,
the design team must:
1. Submit a CIR prior to the Construction Phase
submittal
2. Submit an appeal to GBCI
3. Video tape the implementation of the strategy
4. Document quantifiable environment and/or
health benefits.
Innovation:
SAMPLE QUESTION
QUESTION:
When submitting for an Innovation in Design Credit,
the design team must:
1. Submit a CIR prior to the Construction Phase
submittal
2. Submit an appeal to GBCI
3. Video tape the implementation of the strategy
4. Document quantifiable environment and/or
health benefits.
Innovation:
ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION
 Submit a CIR prior to the Construction Phase
submittal
 Submit an appeal to GBCI
 Video tape the implementation of the strategy
 Document quantifiable environment and/or
health benefits.
171
INNOVATION
IN Credit LEED® Accredited Professional
LEED® Accredited Professional 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Intent Requirements
 To encourage the team integration  At least one principal participant of the
required by a LEED project and to project team must be a LEED Accredited
Professional (AP) with a specialty
streamline the application and
appropriate for the project.
certification process .  LEED AP BD+C
 LEED AP ID+C
 LEED AP O+M
 LEED AP Homes
 LEED AP ND
 none
INNOVATION
IN Credit LEED® Accredited Professional

 Ensure that at least one principle project team member  Design Team
is LEED accredited
 Ideally, several or all members would be LEED
accredited. However, no extra points would be
awarded for such a scenario.
LEED
AP
172
QUESTION:
A design team for a LEED BD+C: New
Construction project has a mechanical engineer
and an architect that are LEED Accredited
Professionals with a BD+C specialty, and the
structural engineer is a LEED AP with an O+M
specialty, which would help contribute to:
1. One IN point
2. Two IN points
3. Three IN points
4. One Regional Priority
LEED AP: 5. Enhanced Commissioning
SAMPLE QUESTION
QUESTION:
A design team for a LEED BD+C: New
Construction project has a mechanical engineer
and an architect that are LEED Accredited
Professionals with a BD+C specialty, and the
structural engineer is a LEED AP with an O+M
specialty, which would help contribute to:
1. One IN point
2. Two IN points
3. Three IN points
4. One Regional Priority
LEED AP: 5. Enhanced Commissioning
SAMPLE QUESTION
ANSWER:
 One IN point
 Two IN points
 Three IN points
 One Regional Priority
 Enhanced Commissioning
173
INTEGRATIVE PROCESS
IP Credit Integrative Process
Integrative Process 1 1 1 1 1 1 1-5 1-5
Intent Requirements
 To support high-performance, cost-  Identify and use opportunities to achieve
effective project outcomes through an synergies across disciplines and building
systems.
early analysis of the interrelationships
 “Simple box” energy modeling during
among systems. schematic design
 Water budget analysis during schematic
design
 Use early energy modeling and water
budget to inform OPR, BOD, eventual
project design
 ANSI Consensus National Standard Guide 2.0
for Design and Construction of Sustainable
Buildings and Communities (Feb 2, 2012)
INTEGRATIVE PROCESS
Integrative Process

 Early simple box modeling should assess at least two of  Entire Team!
the following:
 Site conditions
 Massing and orientation
 Basic envelope attributes
 Lighting levels
 Thermal comfort ranges
 Plug and process load needs
 Programmatic and operational parameters
 Water budget should address:
 Indoor water demand
 Outdoor water demand
 Process water demand
 Supply sources
174
INTEGRATIVE PROCESS
noun.
1. an iterative, collaborative
approach that involves a project’s
stakeholders in the process from
visioning through completion of
construction and throughout
building operation.
-from the USGBC
QUESTION:
All of the following should be considered during the

Discovery phase except? (select 2):
1. Indoor water demand
2. Lighting levels
3. Local recyclers
4. Thermal comfort ranges
5. Commissioning
Integrative Process:
SAMPLE QUESTION
175
QUESTION:
All of the following should be considered during the

Discovery phase except? (select 2):
2. Lighting levels
3. Local recyclers
5. Commissioning
Integrative Process:
ANSWER:
SAMPLE QUESTION

2. Lighting levels
 Local recyclers
 Commissioning
REGIONAL PRIORITY (RP)
176
REGIONAL PRIORITY

Regional Priority 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4
REGIONAL PRIORITY
RP Credit Regional Priority
Regional Priority 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4
Intent Requirements
 To provide an incentive for the  Earn up to 4 of the 6 regional priority
achievement of credits that address credits. Credits are determined by USGBC
regional chapters.
geographically specific environmental,
social equity, and public health
priorities.
 Priority credits & their geographic

applicability on USGBC website:
http://www.usgbc.org
177
REGIONAL PRIORITY
RP Credit Regional Priority

 Refer to the USGBC website for the Regional Priority  LEED Project
credits that are available. Administrator
 Regional Priority credits are assigned by the zip code,
which will coordinate with the project’s address
 Regional priority credits were developed to identify

specific environmental zones within the building
project’s area that encourage design teams to pursue
at least four of the six credits allocated.
QUESTION:
The USGBC regional councils and chapter
collaborated to determine the Regional Priority
credit, in which credits were identified based on:
1. Major environmental issues for the US
2. Environmental importance for a project’s region
3. Water and energy conservation concerns
4. EPA guidelines
RP Credit Regional
Priority
SAMPLE QUESTION
178
QUESTION:
The USGBC regional councils and chapter
collaborated to determine the Regional Priority
credit, in which credits were identified based on:
1. Major environmental issues for the US
2. Environmental importance for a project’s region
3. Water and energy conservation concerns
4. EPA guidelines
RP Credit Regional
ANSWER:
Priority
SAMPLE QUESTION o Major environmental issues for the US
 Environmental importance for a project’s
region
o Water and energy conservation concerns
o EPA guidelines
+ REVIEW
179
Eligibility Requirements:
Candidates must agree to the Disciplinary & Exam
Appeals Policy, credential maintenance, submit to
an application audit, and be 18 years of age or
older
FEES
Exam fee:
 USGBC members $200
LEED GREEN  CaGBC members $200
 Non-members $250
A S S O C I AT ES
Exam Facts
Eligibility Requirements:
Prior LEED project experience is strongly
recommended. Practitioner experience is critical
to the LEED AP designation and, as such, project
proficiency will be tested objectively within the
LEED AP exam itself.
Candidates must also agree to the Disciplinary &

Exam Appeals Policy, credential maintenance, and
submit to an application audit, and be 18 years of
age.
LEED AP
FEES
Exam Facts Full Exam fee:
 CaGBC members $400
Specialty Exam Only:

 CaGBC members $250
180
+ EXAM SKILLS
Studying and Testing Well
10 minutes introducing the test procedures

2 hrs for 100 multiple choice questions
No true/false questions
10 minutes for optional survey
Exam addresses 9 Knowledge Domains, but the

questions are all mixed together: LEED Process,
Integrative Strategies, Location and Transportation,
Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and
Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor
Environmental Quality, and Project Surroundings and
GREEN Public Outreach.
A S S O C I AT E E X A M Scoring is on a scale of 125 to 200

 Score of 170 required to pass
181
 Prepare the night before with just the material
highlights
 If you are well prepared and studied well, it is more

likely that you will feel confident
 Wear something comfortable
 Choose a date that is non-stressful, try not to have

meetings before or after the test
 Pay attention to the first ten minute review of how

the computer testing works so it does not distract you
from the test
SKILLS  If you have trouble concentrating during the test,
Test Taking close your eyes for a minute and relax, think of
something positive
 If there is a question you don’t know, take your best

guess and mark it so you can come back to it.
 You have a higher chance getting the point with an

answer then without one.
 Go through the test at a steady pace. Don’t let one

question keep you from going on.
 Review material at least three times using three

different formats:
 This class
 Read resources to yourself and out loud
 Take practice exams
 Use flash cards
 Take notes and highlight important terms and
phrases
 Give material context by applying it to your own life

and work
 How do the principals that you learn from this class
impact your personal life?
SKILLS  How do they impact the work that you do?
 How can they relate to the world at large?
Study Skills
 Study effectively to retain the material for the exam
and for application
 Study with a partner and/or group
 Study in steady intervals, do not cram
182
R E F E R E N C E G U I D E S / R AT I N G S Y S T E M S
BD+C ID+C O+M Homes ND

New
Homes and
Construction Commercial Existing
R AT I N G S Y S T E M A D A P TAT I O N
and Major
Multifamily Plan
Interiors Buildings Lowrise
Renovations
Core and
Multifamily
Shell Retail Retail Project
Midrise
Development
Schools Hospitality Schools
Retail Hospitality
Data Centers Data Centers
Warehouses and Warehouses and

Distribution Distribution
Centers Centers
Hospitality
Healthcare
+ L E E D – T H E R AT I N G S Y S T E M S S T R U C T U R E
 Within the individual LEED

Rating System Adaptations
there are Categories
 Within these categories are
 Prerequisites
Required of all LEED
Projects, no points are
awarded
 Credits
Points are awarded for
achieving the credit
requirements
183
 Location and
Transportation
 Sustainable Sites
 Water Efficiency
 Energy and Atmosphere
 Materials and Resources
 Indoor Environmental
Quality
CO R E L E E D C AT EG OR I ES FO R B D + C
Now, you will be able to:
 Explain the various LEED rating systems,

categories, and minimum program
requirements.
 List the requirements, strategies and intent of
each credit in LEED v4 for New Construction
 Identify the core concepts and define key terms
W H AT D I D YO U behind green building.
LEARN?  Differentiate between the many referenced
standards used by LEED v4, such as ASHRAE
Course Summary Standard 90.1-2010, Green-e Energy product
certification, and the California Department of
Public Health Standard Method v1.1-2010.
 Identify best practices for achieving a
sustainable project site, such as site selection,
reducing building footprint and restoring native
vegetation, to reduce impact to the
environment.
184
Now, you will be able to:
 Determine appropriate water saving strategies,

such as using non-potable water and selecting
water efficient fixtures, to reduce the use of
municipal drinking water for non-drinking
purposes.
 Prioritize strategies related to energy use, such
as energy efficiency, use of clean energy, and
W H AT D I D YO U on-going operations, to maximize pay-back and
diminish impact on the environment.
LEARN?  Relate material selection to Life-Cycle
Course Summary Assessment with concepts such as extending
building stock, redirecting resources back to the
manufacturing process, and sourcing locally
harvested materials, in order to reduce the
environmental impact of using virgin materials.
 Explain the ways in which the building process
and operations can affect a projects’ Indoor
Environmental Quality, such as access to
daylight and views and implementing an Indoor
Air Quality Management Plan.
+ Thank You!
We hope you enjoyed the course
185

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GREEN BUILDING

PRINCIPLES & LEED

AUTHOR: Glen B. Phillips,

 Explain the various LEED rating systems,

 Determine appropriate water saving strategies,

People ~ Planet ~ Profit

TRIPLE BOT TOM LINE

 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & CLIMATE CHANGE

WHY BUILD  Building Materials Management

 Member logos are for organizations that are members of National

USGBC AND GBCI LOGOS

LEED RATING LEVELS

1. Must be in a permanent location on

LEED RATING SYSTEMS

RATING LEED for Homes LEED for Neighborhood

Project • Single-family homes and multi- • New land development projects

Notes • Rating System Adaptation is • LEED ND: Plan certifies projects

LEED RATING SYSTEMS

BD+C ID+C O+M Homes ND

Schools Hospitality Schools

Data Centers Data Centers

Warehouses and Warehouses and

What is the first Level of LEED Certification called?

An existing building on a campus will be renovated. The

1. LEED BD+C: New Construction

1. LEED BD+C: New Construction

WITHIN THE LEED

L E E D FO R N E I G H B OR HOO D D E V E LOP MEN T

+ THE LEED PROCESS

BUILDING LIFE CYCLE

Homes Provider and Green Rater verifies:

LOCAT ION AN D T R A N S PORTATI O N

High Priority Site

Surrounding Density and

Reduced Parking Footprint 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

LOCATION AND T RAN S PORTATION

Strategies & Terms Responsible Party

LOCATION AND T RAN S PORTATION

Strategies & Terms Responsible Party

To achieve LT Credit Sensitive Land Protection,

LOCATION AND T RAN S PORTATION

 US EPA National Priority List

Strategies & Terms Responsible Party

Which of the following sites qualify as a High Priority Site

LOCATION AND T RAN S PORTATION

LOCATION AND T RAN S PORTATION

Strategies & Terms Responsible Party

Proximity is determined by drawing a walking path

Which of the following are considered diverse

LOCATION AND T RAN S PORTATION

Strategies & Terms Responsible Party

E X AM P LE: P U B L I C T R ANSP O RTAT ION AC C ESS

Quality Transit: ANSWER:

LOCATION AND T RAN S PORTATION

Case 2. residential projects

Case 3. mixed-use projects

LOCATION AND T RAN S PORTATION

Strategies & Terms Responsible Party

10’ SHARED USE ROUTE

Which of the following is true for Bicycle Storage for

 Case 1. Baseline location

LOCATION AND T RAN S PORTATION

Strategies & Terms Responsible Party

56 PARKING SPACES AVAILABLE